Distributed Hypothesis Testing with Privacy Constraints

We revisit the distributed hypothesis testing (or hypothesis testing with communication constraints) problem from the viewpoint of privacy. Instead of observing the raw data directly, the transmitter observes a sanitized or randomized version of it. We impose an upper bound on the mutual information between the raw and randomized data. Under this scenario, the receiver, which is also provided with side information, is required to make a decision on whether the null or alternative hypothesis is in effect. We first provide a general lower bound on the type-II exponent for an arbitrary pair of hypotheses. Next, we show that if the distribution under the alternative hypothesis is the product of the marginals of the distribution under the null (i.e., testing against independence), then the exponent is known exactly. Moreover, we show that the strong converse property holds. Using ideas from Euclidean information theory, we also provide an approximate expression for the exponent when the communication rate is low and the privacy level is high. Finally, we illustrate our results with a binary and a Gaussian example

Segunda salida de “Un pasaje del Quijote”: literalidad, traducción, sentido

Para comenzar a paliar la falta de un estudio sistemático de las numerosas traducciones de Don Quijote, este trabajo compara traducciones de un famoso pasaje de la Segunda parte (un párrafo de la descripción que de sí mismo hace don Diego de Miranda, el Caballero del Verde Gabán) con el fin de arrojar luz sobre las motivaciones de los diferentes traductores. To aid in remedying the lack of a systematic study of Don Quijote’s numerous translations, this paper compares translations of a famous passage from the second part of Don Quijote (a paragraph in which don Diego de Miranda, the Knight of the Green Coat, describes himself) with the aim of casting light on the different translator’s motivations

Penerapan Media Gambar dalam Pembelajaran IPA di Kelas V SD Pl. Santo Bacillius Jelai Hulu Ketapang

. Improved Learning Outcomes of Students in Learning Science by Using Images in the Media Elementary School Fifth Grade Pl. St. Bacillius Jelai Hulu. This study aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes in science learning by using media images. This research method descriptive method to form action research (CAR) for two cycles. Data collection techniques using direct observation techniques and measurement techniques. Data collection tool with the observation sheet and achievement test. The study says that an increase in the ability of the teacher in the learning plan by 28 %, 22.6% learning implementation. The use of media images can improve student learning outcomes, seen the number of students who achieve a passing grade on the first cycle of 7 people (38.89 %), increased to 15 people (83.33 %), with an average value of 51.11 in cycle 1 to 70.56 in cycle 2

The absolutely continuous spectrum of one-dimensional Schr"odinger operators

This paper deals with general structural properties of one-dimensional Schr"odinger operators with some absolutely continuous spectrum. The basic result says that the omega limit points of the potential under the shift map are reflectionless on the support of the absolutely continuous part of the spectral measure. This implies an Oracle Theorem for such potentials and Denisov-Rakhmanov type theorems. In the discrete case, for Jacobi operators, these issues were discussed in my recent paper [19]. The treatment of the continuous case in the present paper depends on the same basic ideas.Comment: references added; a few very minor change

Prise en charge de l’hyperparathyroidie primaire : a propos de 25 cas et revue de la littérature

Objectif : Les auteurs rapportent leur expérience dans la prise en charge de l’hyperparathyroïdie primaire (HPTP) et comparent leurs résultats par rapport aux données de la littérature en discutant les avantages potentiels des différentes techniques chirurgicales. Matériel et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective à propos de 25 patients colligés sur 8 ans (1998-2005). Tous les patients ont bénéficié d’une échographie cervicale, d’un bilan rénal et d’un dosage de la calcémie et de la parathormonémie (PTH). Une TDM cervicale a été pratiquée dans 8 cas et une IRM dans 3 cas. Une scintigraphie à la tétrofosmine a été réalisée dans 10 cas, et à double isotope (thallium 201-technétium 99) dans 2 cas. Une cervicotomie avec exploration bilatérale systématique des 2 loges thyroïdiennes a été pratiquée dans tous les cas. En postopératoire, la surveillance a été clinique et biologique avec un recul moyen de 22 mois. Résultats : La calcémie était élevée chez 23 patients et la PTH dans tous les cas. L’échographie a détecté une hypertrophie d’une glande parathyroïde chez 14 patients (56%) et de 2 glandes chez 1 seul patient. La TDM cervicale a permis de localiser la lésion dans 5 cas. L’IRM était normale dans les 3 cas où elle a été pratiquée. La scintigraphie a montré une hyperfixation dans 8 cas. Une exérèse d’adénomes a été pratiquée dans 92% et une parathyroïdectomie subtotale dans 8% des cas. Le taux de guérison était de 88% après première intervention. Une reprise chirurgicale avec exérèse d’adénome a été pratiquée chez 2 patients (8%). Par ailleurs aucune complication n’a été notée en postopératoire. Conclusion : La chirurgie parathyroïdienne classique donne de bons résultats avec des taux de guérison élevés et un taux de morbidité global faible. Ces résultats sont comparables avec ceux de la littérature. La chirurgie mini-invasive donne des résultats semblables mais impose des impératifs techniques, une imagerie performante et des patients rigoureusement sélectionnés.Mots-clés : hypercalcémie, hyperparathyroïdie primaire,  hyperparathormonémie, chirurgie parathyroïdienn

Holder continuity of absolutely continuous spectral measures for one-frequency Schrodinger operators

We establish sharp results on the modulus of continuity of the distribution of the spectral measure for one-frequency Schrodinger operators with Diophantine frequencies in the region of absolutely continuous spectrum. More precisely, we establish 1/2-Holder continuity near almost reducible energies (an essential support of absolutely continuous spectrum). For non-perturbatively small potentials (and for the almost Mathieu operator with subcritical coupling), our results apply for all energies.Comment: 16 page

Artificial Intelligence and Endo-Histo-OMICs: New Dimensions of Precision Endoscopy and Histology in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Integrating artificial intelligence into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has the potential to revolutionise clinical practice and research. Artificial intelligence harnesses advanced algorithms to deliver accurate assessments of IBD endoscopy and histology, offering precise evaluations of disease activity, standardised scoring, and outcome prediction. Furthermore, artificial intelligence offers the potential for a holistic endo-histo-omics approach by interlacing and harmonising endoscopy, histology, and omics data towards precision medicine. The emerging applications of artificial intelligence could pave the way for personalised medicine in IBD, offering patient stratification for the most beneficial therapy with minimal risk. Although artificial intelligence holds promise, challenges remain, including data quality, standardisation, reproducibility, scarcity of randomised controlled trials, clinical implementation, ethical concerns, legal liability, and regulatory issues. The development of standardised guidelines and interdisciplinary collaboration, including policy makers and regulatory agencies, is crucial for addressing these challenges and advancing artificial intelligence in IBD clinical practice and trials

Elevated seminal protein carbonyl concentration is correlated with asthenozoospermia and affects adversely the laboratory intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes

Elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the semen can lead to oxidative protein damage as they react with the amino acids' side chains in the protein, leading to the generation of carbonyl groups. This study aimed to investigate the effect of protein carbonyl (PC) concentration on sperm motility and the laboratory intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. A total of 150 couples from the ICSI cycle were enrolled in this study and were divided into three groups (G) according to the PC concentration as following, G1 included samples with PC concentrations <0.65 nmol/mg, G2 included samples with 0.65≤PC≤2.23 nmol/mg and G3 included samples with PC>2.23 (nmol/mg). PC concentrations were measured in all semen samples, and the laboratory ICSI outcomes were evaluated for all injected oocytes. The Kruskal–Wallis p-values for the differences in the medians of sperm motility, fertilisation rate, embryo cleavage score and embryo quality score were <0.05. Furthermore, Dunn's post hoc test showed a significant difference between all groups, p-values <0.05, except for the medians of embryo quality score between G2 and G3. In conclusion, our results showed that sperm motility and laboratory ICSI outcomes are affected negatively by higher concentrations of PC in the semen

Impact of Mitochondrial Genetic Variants in ND1, ND2, ND5, and ND6 Genes on Sperm Motility and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Outcomes

Sperm mitochondrial dysfunction causes the generation of an insufficient amount of energy needed for sperm motility. This will affect sperm fertilization capacity, and thus, most asthenozoospermic men usually require assisted reproductive techniques. The etiology of asthenozoospermia remains largely unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of mitochondrial genetic variants on sperm motility and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes. A total of 150 couples from the ICSI cycle were enrolled in this study. One hundred five of the male partners were asthenozoospermic patients, and they were subdivided into three groups according to their percentage of sperm motility, while forty-five of the male partners were normozoospermic. Genetic variants were screened using direct Sanger’s sequencing in four mitochondrial genes (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase 1 (ND1), NADH dehydrogenase 2 (ND2), NADH dehydrogenase 5 (ND5), and NADH dehydrogenase 6 (ND6)). We identified three significant variants: 13708G>A (rs28359178) in ND5, 4216T>C (rs1599988) in ND1, and a novel 12506T>A in ND5 with P values 0.006, 0.036, and 0.013, respectively. The medians of sperm motility, fertilization rate, embryo cleavage score, and embryo quality score were significantly different between men showing 4216T>C, 12506T>A, 13708G>A and wild type, Mann-Whitney P values for the differences in the medians were A, 12506T>A, and 4216 T>C variants in sperm mitochondrial DNA negatively affect sperm motility and ICSI outcomes