76 research outputs found
Génotype caséine αs1 et sélection des boucs sur descendance dans les races Alpine et Saanen
International audienc
An international parentage and identification panel for the domestic cat (Felis catus)
Seventeen commercial and research laboratories participated in two comparison tests under the auspices of the International Society for Animal Genetics to develop an internationally tested, microsatellite-based parentage and identification panel for the domestic cat (Felis catus). Genetic marker selection was based on the polymorphism information content and allele ranges from seven random-bred populations (n = 261) from the USA, Europe and Brazil and eight breeds (n = 200) from the USA. Nineteen microsatellite markers were included in the comparison test and genotyped across the samples. Based on robustness and efficiency, nine autosomal microsatellite markers were ultimately selected as a single multiplex âcoreâ panel for cat identification and parentage testing. Most markers contained dinucleotide repeats. In addition to the autosomal markers, the panel included two gender-specific markers, amelogenin and zinc-finger XY, which produced genotypes for both the X and Y chromosomes. This international cat parentage and identification panel has a power of exclusion comparable to panels used in other species, ranging from 90.08% to 99.79% across breeds and 99.47% to 99.87% in random-bred cat populations
An ec-funded project on characterisation of genetic variation in the european pig. objectives, organisation, breed sampling, DNA preparation and circulation
The overall objective of the project (PigBioDiv) was to demonstrate the applicability of molecular biology tools for evaluating pig genetic diversity. Use was made of two marker technologies, namely microsatellites and arbitrary amplification of fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Altogether, including this project (PigBioDiv) and a previous pilot project (PiGMaP), s eventeen European teams and an international organisation (FAO) contributed to the work. This paper outlines the various tasks which were shared among the participants and particularly the sampling scheme and the subsequent circulation of the DNA samples among the partners. DNA was extracted from about 50 pigs from each population. The populations considered included 69 European domestic breeds (or lines) and, in addition, the Chinese Meishan breed and a sample of European wild pigs. The European populations sampled belonged to 3 categories, namely local breeds, national varieties of international breeds and commercial lines mostly derived from the previous category. Difficulties were met during the project, particularly in sampling rare breeds under extensive conditions. The number of individuals and the diversity of origin recommended could not be reached in a few local breeds. Although the problems encountered significantly compromised the work plan initially intended, it was possible to complete all tasks that were proposed. The project has demonstrated how effectively commercial and public sector entities can work together. Guidelines have been developed in the project in view of more efficient international implementations of the approach
An ec-funded project on characterisation of genetic variation in the european pig. objectives, organisation, breed sampling, DNA preparation and circulation
The overall objective of the project (PigBioDiv) was to demonstrate the applicability of molecular biology tools for evaluating pig genetic diversity. Use was made of two marker technologies, namely microsatellites and arbitrary amplification of fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Altogether, including this project (PigBioDiv) and a previous pilot project (PiGMaP), s eventeen European teams and an international organisation (FAO) contributed to the work. This paper outlines the various tasks which were shared among the participants and particularly the sampling scheme and the subsequent circulation of the DNA samples among the partners. DNA was extracted from about 50 pigs from each population. The populations considered included 69 European domestic breeds (or lines) and, in addition, the Chinese Meishan breed and a sample of European wild pigs. The European populations sampled belonged to 3 categories, namely local breeds, national varieties of international breeds and commercial lines mostly derived from the previous category. Difficulties were met during the project, particularly in sampling rare breeds under extensive conditions. The number of individuals and the diversity of origin recommended could not be reached in a few local breeds. Although the problems encountered significantly compromised the work plan initially intended, it was possible to complete all tasks that were proposed. The project has demonstrated how effectively commercial and public sector entities can work together. Guidelines have been developed in the project in view of more efficient international implementations of the approach
Fréquences alléliques de la caseine alphas1 chez les boucs d'insémination de race Alpine et Saanen de 1975 à 1994
Les frĂ©quences allĂ©liques en casĂ©ine ay ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es Ă partir des 761 boucs dâIA nĂ©s de 1975 Ă 1994, dont 483 Alpins et 278 Saanen. Dans ces 2 races, le mĂȘme schĂ©ma de sĂ©lection a entraĂźnĂ© une Ă©volution diffĂ©rente des frĂ©quences allĂ©liques. Chez les boucs Alpins de testage et amĂ©liorateurs, la frĂ©quence de lâallĂšle « fort » A nâa cessĂ© dâaugmenter (0,70 en 1994) aux dĂ©pens des allĂšles E et F. Chez les boucs Saanen, lâallĂšle E reste majoritaire et a mĂȘme tendance Ă augmenter (0,69 en 1994) aux dĂ©pens de lâallĂšle F, alors que la frĂ©quence de lâallĂšle A augmente peu. LâallĂšle « fort » B est rare dans les 2 races, mais tend Ă se fixer en race Alpine, alors que lâallĂšle « fort » C absent en race Saanen, tend Ă disparaĂźtre en race Alpine. Cette Ă©volution moins favorable Ă la Saanen, sâexplique par une plus faible frĂ©quence initiale des allĂšles « forts », un effet dĂ©favorable du prĂ©testage - reproduction, un niveau de sĂ©lection plus faible pour le taux de protĂ©ines, et des effectifs plus rĂ©duits. Cette Ă©volution doit ĂȘtre corrigĂ©e si lâon souhaite amĂ©liorer la richesse en protĂ©ines vraies et protĂ©ines coagulables du lait des chĂšvres Saanen.Les frĂ©quences allĂ©liques en casĂ©ine αS1 ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es Ă partir des 761 boucs dâIA nĂ©s de 1975 Ă 1994, dont 483 Alpins et 278 Saanen. Dans ces 2 races, le mĂȘme schĂ©ma de sĂ©lection a entraĂźnĂ© une Ă©volution diffĂ©rente des frĂ©quences allĂ©liques. Chez les boucs Alpins de testage et amĂ©liorateurs, la frĂ©quence de lâallĂšle « fort » A nâa cessĂ© dâaugmenter (0,70 en 1994) aux dĂ©pens des allĂšles E et F. Chez les boucs Saanen, lâallĂšle E reste majoritaire et a mĂȘme tendance Ă augmenter (0,69 en 1994) aux dĂ©pens de lâallĂšle F, alors que la frĂ©quence de lâallĂšle A augmente peu. LâallĂšle « fort » B est rare dans les 2 races, mais tend Ă se fixer en race Alpine, alors que lâallĂšle « fort » C absent en race Saanen, tend Ă disparaĂźtre en race Alpine. Cette Ă©volution moins favorable Ă la Saanen, sâexplique par une plus faible frĂ©quence initiale des allĂšles « forts », un effet dĂ©favorable du prĂ©testage - reproduction, un niveau de sĂ©lection plus faible pour le taux de protĂ©ines, et des effectifs plus rĂ©duits. Cette Ă©volution doit ĂȘtre corrigĂ©e si lâon souhaite amĂ©liorer la richesse en protĂ©ines vraies et protĂ©ines coagulables du lait des chĂšvres Saane
Utilisation de marqueurs génétiques en sélection : les activités de Labogena
National audienceLe diagnostic gĂ©nĂ©tique appliquĂ© Ă la sĂ©lection animale nâest pas rĂ©cent, mais des progrĂšs fantastiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s ces derniĂšres annĂ©es grĂące Ă lâĂ©mergence des techniques de biologie molĂ©culaire. LâĂ©volution du nombre dâanalyses rĂ©alisĂ©es par LABOGENA, 45 000 en 1988 pour plus de 100 000 en 1998, est bien la preuve de cet essor. Si deux tiers des activitĂ©s demeurent traditionnelles, 30 % sont rĂ©alisĂ©es grĂące aux marqueurs de lâADN et la tendance va encore sâaccentuer. La biologie molĂ©culaire permet de rĂ©aliser des progrĂšs et dâaugmenter les possibilitĂ©s de diagnostic : les supports biologiques utilisables sont nombreux (sang, poil, peau, viande, embryon, sperme âŠ) ; lâĂ©mergence de nouveaux marqueurs polymorphes comme les marqueurs microsatellites de lâADN permet lâidentification et le contrĂŽle de filiations pour de nouvelles espĂšces (Porc, Chien, Turbot âŠ) ; les diagnostics peuvent ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©s trĂšs prĂ©cocement par lâanalyse directe des variations des gĂšnes impliquĂ©s (exemple de la qualitĂ© fromagĂšre du lait dĂ©terminĂ©e sur les futurs reproducteurs mĂąles) ; les pathologies dâorigine gĂ©nĂ©tique peuvent ĂȘtre recherchĂ©es par les mutations causales (hyperthermie maligne, tremblante âŠ). Ces informations sur les gĂ©notypes aident les sĂ©lectionneurs Ă dĂ©finir leurs stratĂ©gies et permettent dâassurer une bonne gestion des reproducteurs et des populations animales
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