76 research outputs found

    An international parentage and identification panel for the domestic cat (Felis catus)

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    Seventeen commercial and research laboratories participated in two comparison tests under the auspices of the International Society for Animal Genetics to develop an internationally tested, microsatellite-based parentage and identification panel for the domestic cat (Felis catus). Genetic marker selection was based on the polymorphism information content and allele ranges from seven random-bred populations (n = 261) from the USA, Europe and Brazil and eight breeds (n = 200) from the USA. Nineteen microsatellite markers were included in the comparison test and genotyped across the samples. Based on robustness and efficiency, nine autosomal microsatellite markers were ultimately selected as a single multiplex ‘core’ panel for cat identification and parentage testing. Most markers contained dinucleotide repeats. In addition to the autosomal markers, the panel included two gender-specific markers, amelogenin and zinc-finger XY, which produced genotypes for both the X and Y chromosomes. This international cat parentage and identification panel has a power of exclusion comparable to panels used in other species, ranging from 90.08% to 99.79% across breeds and 99.47% to 99.87% in random-bred cat populations

    An ec-funded project on characterisation of genetic variation in the european pig. objectives, organisation, breed sampling, DNA preparation and circulation

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    The overall objective of the project (PigBioDiv) was to demonstrate the applicability of molecular biology tools for evaluating pig genetic diversity. Use was made of two marker technologies, namely microsatellites and arbitrary amplification of fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Altogether, including this project (PigBioDiv) and a previous pilot project (PiGMaP), s eventeen European teams and an international organisation (FAO) contributed to the work. This paper outlines the various tasks which were shared among the participants and particularly the sampling scheme and the subsequent circulation of the DNA samples among the partners. DNA was extracted from about 50 pigs from each population. The populations considered included 69 European domestic breeds (or lines) and, in addition, the Chinese Meishan breed and a sample of European wild pigs. The European populations sampled belonged to 3 categories, namely local breeds, national varieties of international breeds and commercial lines mostly derived from the previous category. Difficulties were met during the project, particularly in sampling rare breeds under extensive conditions. The number of individuals and the diversity of origin recommended could not be reached in a few local breeds. Although the problems encountered significantly compromised the work plan initially intended, it was possible to complete all tasks that were proposed. The project has demonstrated how effectively commercial and public sector entities can work together. Guidelines have been developed in the project in view of more efficient international implementations of the approach

    An ec-funded project on characterisation of genetic variation in the european pig. objectives, organisation, breed sampling, DNA preparation and circulation

    No full text
    The overall objective of the project (PigBioDiv) was to demonstrate the applicability of molecular biology tools for evaluating pig genetic diversity. Use was made of two marker technologies, namely microsatellites and arbitrary amplification of fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Altogether, including this project (PigBioDiv) and a previous pilot project (PiGMaP), s eventeen European teams and an international organisation (FAO) contributed to the work. This paper outlines the various tasks which were shared among the participants and particularly the sampling scheme and the subsequent circulation of the DNA samples among the partners. DNA was extracted from about 50 pigs from each population. The populations considered included 69 European domestic breeds (or lines) and, in addition, the Chinese Meishan breed and a sample of European wild pigs. The European populations sampled belonged to 3 categories, namely local breeds, national varieties of international breeds and commercial lines mostly derived from the previous category. Difficulties were met during the project, particularly in sampling rare breeds under extensive conditions. The number of individuals and the diversity of origin recommended could not be reached in a few local breeds. Although the problems encountered significantly compromised the work plan initially intended, it was possible to complete all tasks that were proposed. The project has demonstrated how effectively commercial and public sector entities can work together. Guidelines have been developed in the project in view of more efficient international implementations of the approach

    Fréquences alléliques de la caseine alphas1 chez les boucs d'insémination de race Alpine et Saanen de 1975 à 1994

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    Les frĂ©quences allĂ©liques en casĂ©ine ay ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es Ă  partir des 761 boucs d’IA nĂ©s de 1975 Ă  1994, dont 483 Alpins et 278 Saanen. Dans ces 2 races, le mĂȘme schĂ©ma de sĂ©lection a entraĂźnĂ© une Ă©volution diffĂ©rente des frĂ©quences allĂ©liques. Chez les boucs Alpins de testage et amĂ©liorateurs, la frĂ©quence de l’allĂšle « fort » A n’a cessĂ© d’augmenter (0,70 en 1994) aux dĂ©pens des allĂšles E et F. Chez les boucs Saanen, l’allĂšle E reste majoritaire et a mĂȘme tendance Ă  augmenter (0,69 en 1994) aux dĂ©pens de l’allĂšle F, alors que la frĂ©quence de l’allĂšle A augmente peu. L’allĂšle « fort » B est rare dans les 2 races, mais tend Ă  se fixer en race Alpine, alors que l’allĂšle « fort » C absent en race Saanen, tend Ă  disparaĂźtre en race Alpine. Cette Ă©volution moins favorable Ă  la Saanen, s’explique par une plus faible frĂ©quence initiale des allĂšles « forts », un effet dĂ©favorable du prĂ©testage - reproduction, un niveau de sĂ©lection plus faible pour le taux de protĂ©ines, et des effectifs plus rĂ©duits. Cette Ă©volution doit ĂȘtre corrigĂ©e si l’on souhaite amĂ©liorer la richesse en protĂ©ines vraies et protĂ©ines coagulables du lait des chĂšvres Saanen.Les frĂ©quences allĂ©liques en casĂ©ine αS1 ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es Ă  partir des 761 boucs d’IA nĂ©s de 1975 Ă  1994, dont 483 Alpins et 278 Saanen. Dans ces 2 races, le mĂȘme schĂ©ma de sĂ©lection a entraĂźnĂ© une Ă©volution diffĂ©rente des frĂ©quences allĂ©liques. Chez les boucs Alpins de testage et amĂ©liorateurs, la frĂ©quence de l’allĂšle « fort » A n’a cessĂ© d’augmenter (0,70 en 1994) aux dĂ©pens des allĂšles E et F. Chez les boucs Saanen, l’allĂšle E reste majoritaire et a mĂȘme tendance Ă  augmenter (0,69 en 1994) aux dĂ©pens de l’allĂšle F, alors que la frĂ©quence de l’allĂšle A augmente peu. L’allĂšle « fort » B est rare dans les 2 races, mais tend Ă  se fixer en race Alpine, alors que l’allĂšle « fort » C absent en race Saanen, tend Ă  disparaĂźtre en race Alpine. Cette Ă©volution moins favorable Ă  la Saanen, s’explique par une plus faible frĂ©quence initiale des allĂšles « forts », un effet dĂ©favorable du prĂ©testage - reproduction, un niveau de sĂ©lection plus faible pour le taux de protĂ©ines, et des effectifs plus rĂ©duits. Cette Ă©volution doit ĂȘtre corrigĂ©e si l’on souhaite amĂ©liorer la richesse en protĂ©ines vraies et protĂ©ines coagulables du lait des chĂšvres Saane

    Utilisation de marqueurs génétiques en sélection : les activités de Labogena

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    National audienceLe diagnostic gĂ©nĂ©tique appliquĂ© Ă  la sĂ©lection animale n’est pas rĂ©cent, mais des progrĂšs fantastiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s ces derniĂšres annĂ©es grĂące Ă  l’émergence des techniques de biologie molĂ©culaire. L’évolution du nombre d’analyses rĂ©alisĂ©es par LABOGENA, 45 000 en 1988 pour plus de 100 000 en 1998, est bien la preuve de cet essor. Si deux tiers des activitĂ©s demeurent traditionnelles, 30 % sont rĂ©alisĂ©es grĂące aux marqueurs de l’ADN et la tendance va encore s’accentuer. La biologie molĂ©culaire permet de rĂ©aliser des progrĂšs et d’augmenter les possibilitĂ©s de diagnostic : les supports biologiques utilisables sont nombreux (sang, poil, peau, viande, embryon, sperme 
) ; l’émergence de nouveaux marqueurs polymorphes comme les marqueurs microsatellites de l’ADN permet l’identification et le contrĂŽle de filiations pour de nouvelles espĂšces (Porc, Chien, Turbot 
) ; les diagnostics peuvent ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©s trĂšs prĂ©cocement par l’analyse directe des variations des gĂšnes impliquĂ©s (exemple de la qualitĂ© fromagĂšre du lait dĂ©terminĂ©e sur les futurs reproducteurs mĂąles) ; les pathologies d’origine gĂ©nĂ©tique peuvent ĂȘtre recherchĂ©es par les mutations causales (hyperthermie maligne, tremblante 
). Ces informations sur les gĂ©notypes aident les sĂ©lectionneurs Ă  dĂ©finir leurs stratĂ©gies et permettent d’assurer une bonne gestion des reproducteurs et des populations animales
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