Media literacy and reflective thinking: A conceptual overview

21. yüzyıl için vazgeçilmez bir yaşam becerisi olarak ifade edilen medya okuryazarlığı konusunda yapılan araştırmalara bakıldığında, çalışmaların genellikle medya okuryazarlığının eğitim müfredatlarında ders olarak yer alması, dersin içeriği, amaçları, hedefleri ve medya okuryazarlığının eleştirel düşünme becerisi ile ilişkisi üzerine odaklandığı görülmektedir. Özellikle medya okuryazarlığı ve düşünme becerileri üzerine yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında ise çalışmaların büyük oranda eleştirel düşünme becerisi üzerine odaklanıldığı dikkat çekmektedir. Oysa eleştirel düşünme, düşünme becerilerinden sadece biridir ve diğer düşünme becerilerinin de medya okuryazarlığı ile ilişkisinin ortaya konulmasının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırmada yansıtıcı düşünme becerisi üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Araştırmada, nitel analiz yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Doküman incelemesi, araştırılması hedeflenen olgu ve olaylar hakkında bilgi içeren yazılı materyallerin analizini kapsar. Nitel araştırma yapanlar genellikle kendilerinden önceki araştırmaları inceler, alan yazını gözden geçirir ve bu bilgileri araştırmalarına dâhil ederler. Bu araştırmada medya okuryazarlığı ve yansıtıcı düşünme alanında yapılmış çalışmalar incelenmiş ve alan yazın gözden geçirilmiştir. Gözden geçirilen bu bilgiler araştırmaya dâhil edilerek yansıtıcı düşünme ile medya okuryazarlığı arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmış ve konuya genel bir bakış açısı kazandırmak amaçlanmıştır.Considering the studies on media literacy, which is regarded as an indispensable life skill for the 21st century, it is seen that the studies generally focus on the inclusion of media literacy as a course in education curricula, the content of the course, its goals, objectives, and the relationship between media literacy and critical thinking skills. It is noteworthy that studies especially on media literacy and thinking skills mostly focus on critical thinking skills. However, critical thinking is only one of the thinking skills, and it is thought that it is also important to reveal the relationship between other thinking skills and media literacy. This research will focus on reflective thinking skills. In the research, document analysis technique which is one of the qualitative analysis methods was used. Document review covers the analysis of written materials containing information about the facts and events aimed to be investigated. Qualitative researchers generally review previous research and the literature. They also incorporate the information emerged from this review into their research. In this research, the literature in the field of media literacy and reflective thinking was examined and then synthesized. By including the review of research, we tried to reveal the relationship between reflective thinking and media literacy. Furthermore, we aimed at gaining a general perspective on the subject

Pompe Tanısı Alan Hastalarımızın Klinik ve Moleküler Özellikleri: Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Introduction: Pompe disease (PD), glycogen storage disease Type II (GSD II), is an autosomal recessive inherited lysosomal storage disease caused by pathogenic variants in the GAA gene that encodes lysosomal acid ?-glucosidadase (GAA) enzyme. the incidence of the disease varies from country to country. PD is mainly presents as two groups of phenotypes as infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) and late-onset Pompe disease. Objective: the aim of this study is to discuss the molecular and clinical characteristics of infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) and late-onset pompe disease (LOPD) followed-up in our center. Method: A total of 10 patients diagnosed with IOPD and 4 patients diagnosed with LOPD in Izmir Dr. Behcet Uz Pediatric Health and Diseases and Surgery Training and Research Hospital Pediatric Metabolism Unit between 06.01.2015 and 06.01. 2019 were included in the study. the patients’ demographic characteristics, clinical findings at the time of diagnosis and during the folllow-up period, biochemical findings, muscle biopsy data, results of enzymatic analyses and moleculargenetic characteristics were recorded retrospectively. Results: A total of 10 patients were included in the study. 7 patients were diagnosed with IOPD and 3 patients with LOPD. the median follow-up period of all patients was 26 months (range: 6-42 months). the c.896 C> T (8/32, 25%) is detected as the most common variant. 1237G>T (p.Asp413Tyr), c.2019 C>A (p.Asn673Lys), c.418A>T (p.Asn140Tyr) variants were detected for the first time. Conclusion: Pompe disease is one of the most important congenital metabolic diseases in which early diagnosis and treatment are of great importance. Despite the significant improvement in disease prognosis with the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy, there are still patients with poor prognosis despite early diagnosis. Phenotype-genotype studies are crucial in this respect.Giriş: Pompe hastalığı (PD), glikojen depo hastalığı Tip II (GSD II), lizozomal acid?-glucosidadase (GAA) enzimini kodlayan GAA genindeki patojenik varyantlar sonucu ortaya çıkan otozomal resesif kalıtımlı lizozomal depo hastalığıdır. Hastalığın sıklığı ülkeden ülkeye değişmektedir. Temel olarak erken başlangıçlı pompe hastalığı (IOPD) ve geç başlangıçlı pompe hastalığı (LOPD) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılır. Amaç: Çalışmamız, merkezimizde izlenen LOPD hem IOPD hastalarının moleküler ve klinik özelliklerinin tartışılmasını amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza 01.06.2015-01.06.2019 tarihleri arasında İzmir Dr.Behçet Uz Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi Çocuk Metabolizma Ünitesi’nde IOPD hastalığı tanısı alan toplam 10 hasta ve LOPD tanısı alan 4 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların retrospektif olarak demografik özel- likleri, tanı anındaki ve izlem sırasındaki klinik bulguları, biyokimyasal bulguları, kas biyopsisi verileri, enzimatik analiz sonuçları ve moleküler-genetik özellikleri kayıt altına alındı. Bulgular: Çalışmamıza toplam 10 hasta dahil edilmiştir. 7 hasta IOPD, 3 hasta LOPD tanısı almıştır. Tüm hastaların izlem süresi median 26 ay (range: 6-42 ay) olarak saptanmıştır. En sık görülen varyant c.896 C>T (8/32, %25) olarak saptanmıştır. 1237G>T (p.Asp413Tyr), c.2019 C>A (p.Asn673Lys), c.418A>T (p.Asn140Tyr) varyantları ilk kez saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Pompe hastalığı erken tanı ve sonuç olarak tedavinin büyük önem taşıdığı doğumsal metabolik hastalıkların başında gelmektedir. Enzim replasman teda- visinin kullanıma girmesi ile hastalık prognozunda belirgin düzelme olmakla birlikte erken tanıya rağmen halen prognozu kötü giden hastalar bulunmaktadır. Fenotip-genotip çalışmaları bu açıdan önem taşımaktadır

Functional traits driving species role in the structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger networks

Species assemblages often have a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages is thought to be driven by facilitation in competitive environments. However, not all scavenger species play the same role in maintaining assemblage structure, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. We used a database with 177 vertebrate scavenger species from 53 assemblages in 22 countries across five continents to identify which functional traits of scavenger species are key to maintaining the scavenging network structure. We used network analyses to relate ten traits hypothesized to affect assemblage structure with the ‘role’ of each species in the scavenging assemblage in which it appeared. We characterized the role of a species in terms of both the proportion of monitored carcasses on which that species scavenged, or scavenging breadth (i.e., the species ‘normalized degree’), and the role of that species in the nested structure of the assemblage (i.e., the species ‘paired nested degree’), thus identifying possible facilitative interactions among species. We found that species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging breadth. We also found that social foragers had a large paired nested degree in scavenger assemblages, probably because their presence is easier to detect by other species to signal carcass occurrence. Our study highlights differences in the functional roles of scavenger species and can be used to identify key species for targeted conservation to maintain the ecological function of scavenger assemblages

Functional traits driving species role in the structure of terrestrial vertebrate scavenger networks

Species assemblages often have a non-random nested organization, which in vertebrate scavenger (carrion-consuming) assemblages is thought to be driven by facilitation in competitive environments. However, not all scavenger species play the same role in maintaining assemblage structure, as some species are obligate scavengers (i.e., vultures) and others are facultative, scavenging opportunistically. We used a database with 177 vertebrate scavenger species from 53 assemblages in 22 countries across five continents to identify which functional traits of scavenger species are key to maintaining the scavenging network structure. We used network analyses to relate ten traits hypothesized to affect assemblage structure with the “role” of each species in the scavenging assemblage in which it appeared. We characterized the role of a species in terms of both the proportion of monitored carcasses on which that species scavenged, or scavenging breadth (i.e., the species “normalized degree”), and the role of that species in the nested structure of the assemblage (i.e., the species “paired nested degree”), therefore identifying possible facilitative interactions among species. We found that species with high olfactory acuity, social foragers, and obligate scavengers had the widest scavenging breadth. We also found that social foragers had a large paired nested degree in scavenger assemblages, probably because their presence is easier to detect by other species to signal carcass occurrence. Our study highlights differences in the functional roles of scavenger species and can be used to identify key species for targeted conservation to maintain the ecological function of scavenger assemblage