Evaluating the Reflections of High Stakes Tests on School Culture

Bu araştırmanın amacı merkezi sınavların, ortaöğretim kurumlarının kültürüne yansımalarını kültürel biçimler, değerler ve temel varsayımlar düzeylerinde; davranışlar, iç paydaşlarla ve çevre ile ilişkiler boyutlarında yönetici, öğretmen ve veli görüşlerine dayanarak belirlemektir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden bütüncül çoklu durum deseni seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri altı farklı okuldan yirmi dört kişiyle gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerden elde edilmiştir. Merkezi sınavlarla ilgili gerçekleşen son değişiklikleri de kapsayacak biçimde merkezi sınavların okulun amaç ve hedefleri, yönetim anlayışı, okuldaki başarıya yönelik değerler, yönetici-öğretmen-öğrenci ilişkileri, okul-çevre ilişkileri üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin sorular yöneltilmiştir. Betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenen verilerden elde edilen bulgular merkezi sınavların meslek liseleri dışındaki ortaöğretim kurumlarında rekabet kültürü meydana getirdiğini ve bu durumun okullardaki öğrencilerin ruhsal durumlarına ve davranışlarına yansıdığını göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin üzerinde baskı ve stres oluştuğu, öğretmenlerin öğretim ve ölçmedeğerlendirme süreçlerini merkezi sınavlara uyumlu hale getirdiği, kendilerini yorgun hissettikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Çok sayıda öğrencinin temel liselere geçiş yaptığı, okulda açılan destekleme ve yetiştirme kurslarında dershanelerin model alındığı ifade edilmektedir.This study evaluates the reflections of high stakes tests on school cultures, in terms of artefacts, values and basic assumptions focusing on the cultural aspects of personal behaviour, interpersonal relations and schoolcommunity relations based on the opinions of principals, teachers and parents. This research has used the qualitative method and multiple case holistic design. The data obtained has been subjected to descriptive analysis. The findings show that high stakes tests result in competitive cultures in the secondary schools except for the vocational and technical schools, affecting the psychology and behaviours of the students negatively. Teachers have stated that they adapt their educational practices to the high stakes tests, and they make self-sacrifice. It is stated that last changes resulted in the transition of students to private schools, and the private teaching institutions' system is taken as a model for the courses in schools

Podwyższony poziom greliny w stanie przedrzucawkowym: czy grelina jest przyjacielem czy wrogiem?

Objectives: To investigate maternal serum ghrelin levels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and to explore the relationship between ghrelin level and disease severity. Materials and methods: This case-control study included 40 healthy pregnant women, 42 women with mild preeclampsia, and 40 women with severe preeclampsia. The groups were matched in terms of maternal and gestational age and body mass index. Serum ghrelin levels were measured via enzyme immunoassay. Results: Serum ghrelin levels were significantly higher in women with mild and severe preeclampsia than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). Although serum ghrelin levels were somewhat higher in the severe compared to the mild preeclampsia group, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the control group, no significant correlation was observed between ghrelin level and any other parameter, but in the preeclampsia group, serum ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with uterine artery Doppler index values and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (all p-values < 0.05). Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that systolic blood pressure (β = 0.493, p = 0.023) was independently associated with serum ghrelin level. Conclusion: Elevated blood ghrelin levels were correlated with disease severity in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia.Cel pracy: Ocena poziomu greliny w surowicy kobiet w ciąży powikłanej stanem przedrzucawkowym i określenie związku między poziomem greliny a ciężkością choroby. Materiał i metoda: Do badania włączono 40 zdrowych kobiet w ciąży, 42 z łagodnym stanem przedrzucawkowym i 40 z ciężkim stanem przedrzucawkowym. Grupy były dobrane pod względem wieku ciążowego, wieku matek i wskaźnika masy ciała. Poziom greliny w surowicy był mierzony metodą immunoenzymatyczną. Wyniki: Poziom greliny w surowicy był istotnie wyższy u kobiet z łagodnym i ciężkim stanem przedrzucawkowym niż w grupie kontrolnej (p < 0,001). Chociaż poziom greliny w surowicy był wyższy w grupie z ciężkim stanem przedrzucawkowym niż w grupie z łagodnym stanem przedrzucawkowym, to ta różnica nie była istotna statystycznie (p > 0,05). W grupie kontrolnej nie obserwowano żadnych istotnych związków pomiędzy poziomem greliny a jakimkolwiek innym parametrem, ale w grupie ze stanem przedrzucawkowym poziom greliny w surowicy był ujemnie skorelowany z indeksami przepływów Dopplera w tętnicy macicznej oraz ciśnieniem krwi skurczowym i rozkurczowym (all p-values < 0,05). Wieloczynnikowa analiza regresji liniowej wykazała, że skurczowe ciśnienie krwi było niezależnym czynnikiem związanym z poziomem greliny w surowicy (β = 0,493, p = 0,023). Wnioski: Podwyższony poziom greliny we krwi był związany z ciężkością choroby w ciążach powikłanych stanem przedrzucawkowym

Intensive Care Management of Critical and Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Observational Study

Objective: This study examined the clinical consequences of pregnancy coexisting with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective observational study. After the ethical approval of the local ethics committee, the study was conducted for a period when the number of young coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases increased in our country. The patients enrolled in the study were pregnant/puerperal patients followed up in our third-level ICU. Results: The mean age of 35 pregnant women included in the study was 29.57±4.36 years. Twenty-one of the births (80.8%) were preterm births. Twelve (34.3%) patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and 5 (41.7%) of these patients were deceased. Twenty-six (74.3%) underwent a cesarean section (C/S). There were 5 (14.3%) patients who needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 3 (8.5%) patients who needed continuous renal replacement therapy. The 28-day neonatal mortality rate for 26 births was 3.8%. The maternal mortality rate in the ICU was 14.3%. Conclusion: The preterm birth rate was high in our pregnant patients followed up in the ICU with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Because of clinical and radiological progression in pregnant women, it is difficult to indicate any gestational week in which maternal outcomes are better to undergo C/S. IMV mortality is not higher than in non-pregnant patients, so endotracheal intubation should not be avoided in appropriate patients, whether pregnancy continues or not. The absence of fully vaccinated patients in the study group revealed the protective effect of vaccination during pregnancy

FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ/LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZ PROJESİ

CYCLOSTRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF DANIAN PLATFORM CARBONATES AND THEIR PELAGIC COUNTERPARTS IN HAYMANA BASIN, CENTRAL TURKE

Okula bağlanma ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Student Engagement in School Scale, aiming to assess the university students’ feeling ofbelonging on the school community, was developed by Veiga (2016). The purpose of this study isto adopt the abovementioned scale into Turkish. The Student Engagement Scale has a fourdimensional structure with four factors (cognitive, affective, behavioural, and personalagency).The results obtained are as follows; the internal consistency matrix Cronbach’ alpha?.87, cognitive.85, affective.87, behavioural.91 and agency.81. The items 3, 13, 19 wereseparated as a result of DFA applied in the scale. The items 2,11, 15, 18, 19 are the counter ones.High scores obtained from the scale show that the students’ engagement in their school is high.The study involved a total of 52 students, (% 69.2 female, % 30.8 male, Ss: .46), attending EnglishLanguage and Literature Department at Selçuk University. The data obtained from the studyshows a high rate of correlation ( r.92,p .01) when the English and Turkish forms are compared.The integration indexes, related to the 17 items tested with DFA and Student Engagement Scaleconsisting four sub factors, are as follows ; (X21523,30, sd100, p.00, X2 /sd1.523). Theintegration index values were found as RMSEA.067, RMR .014, NFI.90, CFI.94, IFI.94,RFI.90, AGFI.90, GFI.90. As a result of the correlational analysis carried out with criterionbased reliability of Student Engagement Scale; the scores the students got from the forbearancescale have a correlation with the common engagement scale in a positive way but vice verse withthe alienation to the school. All in all, 17 items and 4 sub dimensional assessment tools areavailable to be used by the researchers.Okula bağlanma ölçeği, bireylerin okula bağlanmalarını saptamakamacıylaVeiga (2016) geliştirdiği bir ölçektir. Ölçek üniversite öğrencilerinin okula bağlılığını ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ölçek dört boyutlu bir yapıya sahiptir. Bunlar sırasıyla bilişsel, duyuşsal, davranışsal ve faaliyet alt boyutlarıdır. Ölçeğin iç tutarlılık kat sayısı Cronbach’ alpha ?.87 bilişsel. 85, duyuşsal. 87, davranışsal. 91ve faaliyet. 81olarak bulunmuştur. Ölçekte yapılan DFA sonucunda 3,13,19 maddeleri çıkarılmıştır. Ölçeğin ters maddeleri ise 2,11, 15, 18, 19 maddeleridir. Ölçekten alınanyüksek puanlar öğrencinin okula bağlılığının yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. Ölçeğin dil geçerliliği için Selçuk Üniversitesi edebiyat fakültesi İngiliz dili ve edebiyatı bölümünden 52 lisans öğrencisine (% 69.2 kız, % 30.8 Erkek, Ss:.46) uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin İngilizcesi ve Türkçesi arasında yüksek düzeyde korelasyon bulunmuştur ( r.92,p .01) bulunmuştur. DFA ile test edilen 17 madde ve dört alt faktörden oluşan dört boyutlu öğrenci bağlılık ölçeğinde uyum indeksleri sırasıyla şöyle bulunmuştur. (X21523,30, sd100, p.00, X2 /sd1.523). Ölçeğinuyum indeksleri AGFI.90, GFI.90, CFI.94, IFI.94, NFI.90 ve son olarakRMSEA.067, olarak bulunmuştur. Okula bağlanma ölçeğininbenzer ölçek geçerliliği için yapılan analizler sonucunda; öğrencilerin okula bağlanma ölçeğinden aldıkları puanlar ile genelaidiyet ölçeğiyle pozitif yönde, Okula yabancılaşma ölçeği ile negatif yönde anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda dört alt boyut ve 17 maddeden oluşan ölçek türk kültürü için kullanıma hazırhale getirilmiştir

Addition of montelukast versus double dose of inhaled budesonide in moderate persistent asthma

Bayram, Hasan/0000-0002-5236-766X; Bulbul, Yilmaz/0000-0002-8488-3650WOS: 000224630500015PubMed: 15182276Background: Although current guidelines suggest the use of inhaled corticosteroids as the first line therapy in persistent asthma, the concerns about high-dose corticosteroids may limit their usage. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of inhaled budesonide plus oral montelukast versus a double dose of inhaled budesonide. Methodology: Thirty patients with moderate asthma took part in the study. Following a 2-week run in period, the patients were randomized into two groups to receive 400 mug/day of inhaled budesonide plus 10 mg/day of montelukast (BUD + M group) or 800 mug/day of inhaled budesonide (high BUD group). The patients were evaluated at 2-week intervals (during a total treatment period of 6 weeks) for symptom scores, asthma exacerbations, lung function, use of short-acting beta(2) agonist, blood eosinophil counts and adverse events. Results: At the end of the study, morning and daytime symptom scores were significantly reduced within the groups. Although there was a significant decrease in the frequency of short-acting beta(2) agonist use in the BUD + M group, the decrease in the high BUD group was not significant. During the study period, no patient in either group experienced an asthma exacerbation. Blood eosinophil levels significantly declined in both the BUD + M (0.87 +/- 0.31%) and high BUD groups (0.67 +/- 0.29%) as compared with baseline levels (BUD + M = 2.60 +/- 0.65%, high BUD group = 2.60 +/- 0.47%; P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the addition of montelukast to low-dose inhaled budesonide is as effective as a double dose of inhaled budesonide in asthma control

Etiology of benign mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy

Ulusal Akciğer Sağlığı Kongresi’nde poster bildiri olarak sunulmuştur (14-18 Mart 2018, Antalya).Çalışmamızda benign mediastinal/hiler lenfadenopati saptanan hastalar takip edilerek lenfadenopatiye neden olan hastalıkların dağılımı incelenmiştir. Çalışmamız, Mayıs 2015 ile Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında prospektif olarak yürütüldü. Çalışmaya mediastinal/hiler lenfadenopati nedeni ile EBUS/ Mediastinoskopi/ Torakoskopi yapılan olgular alındı ve başlangıçta biyopside malignite saptanan hastalar çalışmadan çıkarıldı. Çalışmaya dahil edilen benign mediastinal/hiler LAP saptanan 93 hastanın %59.1 (55)’i kadın, %40.9 (38)’u erkek, yaş ortalaması 55.1 (±12.6) idi. Seksen üç hastaya Endobronşiyal Ultrason Eşliğinde Transbronşiyal İğne Aspirasyonu (EBUS TBİA), 7 hastaya mediastinoskopi, 2 hastaya Video-asiste torakoskopik cerrahi (VATS) ve 1 hastaya torakotomi yapıldı. Hastaların %53.8 (50)’inde sarkoidoz, %12.9 (12)’unda antrakoz, %5.1 (5)’inde tüberküloz, %4.3 (4)’ünde silikozis, %1.1 (1)’inde churg strauss sendromu, %1.1 (1)’inde hipersensitivite pnömonisi, %1.1 (1)’inde enfeksiyon, %1.1 (1)’inde kanser, %19.4 (18)’ünde nedeni bilinmeyen lenfadenopati bulundu. Çalışmamızdaki esas bulgu benign mediastinal/hiler lenfadenopatinin en yaygın nedeninin sarkoidoz olarak bulunmasıdır. Enfeksiyöz nedenlerden tüberküloz ise 3. sıklıkta LAP nedeni olarak bulunmuştur. Ayrıca granülomatöz lenfadenitin benign mediastinal/hiler lenfadenopatilerin yarısından fazlasını oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Mediastinel/hiler LAP’lerin büyük oranda EBUS TBİA yöntemiyle örneklenebildiği saptanmıştır. Ayırıcı tanının yapılamadığı olgularda takip ile tanıya gidilebileceği de anlaşılmaktadır.Our study was conducted as prospectively between May 2015 and June 2016. Cases that underwent EBUS/ Mediastinoscopy / Thoracoscopy with the diagnosis of mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy were included in the study and patients who were diagnosed to have malignancy in the initial biopsy were excluded from the study. The included 93 cases consisted of 40.9% men (38) and 59.1% women (55) with a median age of 55.1 (±12.6) years. Patients underwent Endobronchial Ultrasound Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS TBNA) (83 patients), mediastinoscopy (7 patients), video-assisted thoracic surgery (2 patients) and thoracotomy (1 patient). The final diagnosis of the patients was accepted to be sarcoidosis in 50 (53.8%), anthracosis in 12 (12.9%), tuberculosis in 5 (5.1%), silicosis in 4 (4.3%), churg strauss syndrome in 1 (1.1%), hypersensitivity pneumonia in 1 (1.1%), infectious in 1 (1.1%), malignancy in 1 (1.1%) and uncertain in 18 (19.4%). The main findings of this study revealed that sarcoidosis was the most common cause for benign mediastinal/hilar lymphadenopathy. Tuberculosis was the third most common cause of benign mediastinal/hilar LAP. Furthermore, granulomatous lymphadenitis comprised more than half of benign mediastinal / hilar lymphadenopathy. It has been found that mediastinal/hilar LAP can be sampled by EBUS TBNA method to a large extent. In cases with impossible differential diagnosis, follow-up of patients may direct one to diagnosis in time