Green roofs in process of renawal the historic fabric: Example of Edirne Kaleiçi

Yeşil çatılar, küresel ölçekte yaşanan ve insan sağlığını tehdit eden çevresel problemlerin çözümünde ekolojik tasarımın önemli bir kriteri olarak; yapı ölçeğinden başlayarak kent ölçeğine kadar varan çözüm alternatifleri ile doğa dostu kent bilincini yaygınlaştıran araçlar arasında önemli bir yer tutmaktadırlar. Günümüzde kentlerdeki gecekondu alanları, kent merkezlerindeki çöküntü alanları, tarihi kentsel alanlar, doğal afet riski yüksek olan alanlar ve ekonomik olarak ömrünü tamamlamış alanlarda kentlerin fiziksel çöküşünü durdurmak, mevcut dokuyu koruyarak sürdürülebilirliğini sağlamak, yaşam kalitesini yükseltmek ve kentlerin yaşanabilirliğini arttırmak amaçlarıyla yapılan kentsel dönüşüm ve kentsel yenileme uygulamalarında ekolojik tasarım anlayışı önem taşımaktadır. Bu kapsamda yeşil altyapının önemli bileşenlerinden biri olan yeşil çatıların kentsel dönüşüm ve kentsel yenileme uygulamalarına dahil edilmesi ve yaygınlaştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu bilinç, dünyada yeşil çatı uygulamalarının yaygın olduğu ülkelerde yeşil çatı uygulamalarını belirli oranlarda zorunlu kılan yasal düzenlemeler ile sağlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde, son yıllarda özellikle kent merkezlerinde ve ekonomik (emlak) değeri yükselmiş alanlarda uygulanan kentsel dönüşüm ve kentsel yenileme projelerinde kent kimliği, yerel özellikler ve yerel sorunların göz ardı edildiği tek tip ve yüksek katlı yapılaşma alanları oluşturulmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Edirne’nin tarihi çekirdeğinde yer alan ve 3. derece arkeolojik sit alanı olarak tanımlanmış olan Kaleiçi bölgesinde korunması gereken tescilli yapılar dışında kalan yapıların önümüzdeki yıllarda kentsel yenileme sürecine girebileceği öngörüsü ile bölgedeki yeşil alan varlığını arttırabilmek amacıyla yeşil çatı uygulamaları olabilecek alanlar belirlenmiş ve bu uygulamalar ile Kaleiçi bölgesi ve Edirne kenti için, kent kimliğine sağlanabilecek pozitif katkılar üzerinde durulmuştur. Tez kapsamında öncelikle Kaleiçi bölgesindeki mevcut yapılaşma durumu tespit edilmiş, bu kapsamda uygulanması gereken koruma kuralları da göz önüne alınarak, mevcut yeşil alan miktarının yetersizliğini gidermeyi, taşkın kontrolünü sağlamayı, kent silüetini ve sokak dokusunu iyileştirmeyi hedefleyen yeşil çatı uygulama noktaları tespit edilerek tasarım önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Yeşil çatıların ekolojik açıdan kente olacak katkıları yapılan çalışma ile vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca tarihi dokularda gerekli durumlarda yapılacak kentsel yenileme sürecinde bölgenin özelliklerini korumak önceliği ile beraber çağın ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmek amacıyla yapılması uygun olacak yeşil çatı, yeşil altyapı gibi uygulamalar için gerekli yasal düzenlemeler ile ilgili önerilerde de bulunulmuştur. Tezin birinci bölümünde; tezin amacı, kapsamı, önemi ve gerekçesi açıklanmıştır. İkinci bölümde; tezin birinci dereceden ilişkili olduğu temel kavramları oluşturan kentsel dönüşüm ve kentsel yenileme, sürdürülebilir peyzaj uygulamaları, yeşil altyapılar ve bu kapsamda yeşil çatılar anlatılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, tezin hazırlanmasında kullanılan materyal ve yöntem belirtilmiştir. Tezin dördüncü bölümünde; çalışma alanının doğal özellikleri, sosyokültürel özellikleri, fiziksel yapısı, açık ve yeşil alan verileri, çevre sorunları tespit edilmiş ve güncel yönetmelikler incelenerek çeşitli bulgular elde edilmiştir. Beşinci bölümde ise yapılan çalışmalardan elde edilen tüm veriler doğrultusunda sonuç ve öneriler sunulmuştur.Green roofs are an important criterion of ecological design in solving environmental problems on a global scale that threaten human health; they hold an important place between the solutions starting from the building scale to the city scale and the tools that spread the awareness of the nature-friendly city. Nowadays, ecological design understanding matters to, maintaining and protecting the existing fabric and sustainability, improving the quality of life and inhabitability of cities, stopping the pyhsical collapse of city areas that have completed their economic life on the purpose of urban regeneration, in slums, areas at high risk of natural disaster, collapse areas in the city center and historical urban areas. In this context, green roofs, which are important components of green infrastructure, should be included and generalized in urban regeneration and urban renewal practices. This awareness is provided by legal regulations, that require green roof system practices at certain rates, in countries where green roof system practices are common. During the recent years in our country, urban regeneration and urban renewal projects, especially in urban centers and areas with increased economic (real estate) value, create monotype and high-rise construction areas where urban identity, local features and local problems are ignored. Kaleiçi Precinct is located in the historical center of Edirne and has been defined as a 3rd grade archaeological site, and with the prediction that buildings other than registered buildings that need to be protected likely to be included to the urban renewal process in the forthcoming years, the areas that could be green roof applications in order to increase the presence of green areas in the precinct were determined with this study. and the positive contributions that can be made to the urban identity for the Kaleiçi Precinct and the city of Edirne with these practices are emphasized. Within this framework of thesis the current construction situation was determined in Kaleici Precinct, taking into account the protection rules that should be applied in this context, reducing the existing lack of green areas, providing flood control and improving the city skyline and street fabric, design proposals were made by identifying green roof system practice points.The contributions of green roofs to the city, from an ecological point of view, are emphasized by the work done. Besides, recommendations have been made in regard of the necessary legal arrangements for practices such as green roof, green infrastructure, which will be appropriate to meet the needs of the age together with the priority of protecting the characteristics of the precinct during the urban renewal process which will be made in historic fabrics if necessary. In the first chapter,the purpose,content, importance and justification of thesis is clarified. In the second chapter; urban transformation, which forms the basic concepts that thesis is associated with in the first degree and urban renawal, sustainable landscaping practices, green infrastructure and the green roofs are represented. In the third chapter, the method and the materials which has been used to prepare the thesis were stated. In the fourth chapter; natural features of the workspace, sociocultural features, pyshical structure, open and green area datas, environmental issues are determined and through the analyze of current regulations, various results have been found. And in the fifth chapter, results and recommendations are presented in accordance with all the data obtained from the studies

Frequency and relationship of ABO blood groups in patients with nephrotic syndrome

Aim of the study: To investigate the frequency of ABO blood groups and the relationship between nephrotic syndrome (NS) and blood groups in patients with NS.Material and methods: 199 patients with a diagnosis of NS and 200 healthy individuals, who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nephrology between 2016 and 2020, and whose blood group information was in the records, were included in the study as the control group. This study was carried out retrospectively using data from the file registration system in our hospital.Results: In the study, there were 199 patients: 52.8% (n = 105) male and 47.2% (n = 94) female and 200 healthy individuals: 47.5% male (n = 95) 52.5% female (n = 105). The mean age of the patients was 35.79 ± 12.21 (min-max: 17–71), and the mean proteinuria was 7.08 ± 4.33 (min-max: 3.50–25.50). There was no difference between sick and healthy individuals in terms of age or sex (p > 0.05). It was determined that 43.2% of the patients had blood group A, 26.1% blood group O, 25.1% blood group B, and 5.5% blood group AB. There was no significant difference between blood groups of patients with NS and individuals in the healthy group (p > 0.05). Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) (27.9%) was most common in blood group A; FSGS was detected most frequently in blood groups B (46.0%), O (28.8%), and AB (36.4%). The most common cause of NS was focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 31.2% (n = 62), and MGN was the second common cause in 19.1% (n = 38), blood group B (37.1%) in FSGS, blood group O (46.7%) in systemic lupus erythematosus, MGN (63.2%), IgA nephropathy (50%), and MPGN (52.2%) was found most frequently in blood group A. Conclusions: We did not find a significant relationship between the blood group and NS in our study

Geothermal energy potential assesment of Bursa-Turkey

TÜBİTAK ÇAYDAG01.10.200

Characteristics of primary glomerular diseases patients with hematuria in Turkey: The data from TSN-GOLD Working Group

Purpose Hematuria is one of the most common laboratory findings in nephrology practice. To date, there is no enough data regarding the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of primary glomerular disease (PGD) patients with hematuria in our country. Methods Data were obtained from national multicenter (47 centers) data entered into the Turkish Society of Nephrology Glomerular Diseases (TSN-GOLD) database between May 2009 and June 2019. The data of all PGD patients over the age of 16 years who were diagnosed with renal biopsy and had hematuria data were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, laboratory and biopsy findings were also recorded. Results Data of 3394 PGD patients were included in the study. While 1699 (50.1%) patients had hematuria, 1695 (49.9%) patients did not have hematuria. Patients with hematuria had statistically higher systolic blood pressure, serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, levels and urine pyuria. However, these patients had statistically lower age, body mass index, presence of hypertension and diabetes, eGFR, 24-h proteinuria, serum total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, and C3 levels when compared with patients without hematuria. Hematuria was present 609 of 1733 patients (35.8%) among the patients presenting with nephrotic syndrome, while it was presented in 1090 of 1661 (64.2%) patients in non-nephrotics (p < 0.001). Conclusion This is the first multicenter national report regarding the demographic and histopathologic data of PGD patients with or without hematuria. Hematuria, a feature of nephritic syndrome, was found at a higher than expected in the PGDs presenting with nephrotic syndrome in our national database

Membranous nephropathy in Turkey: Turkish society of nephrology glomeruler diseases (TSN-Gold) database results

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Characteristics of primary glomerular disease patients with hematuria in Turkey: The data from TSN-Gold working group

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