CoFe2O4 manyetik nanopartiküllerin sentezi fonksiyonelleştirilmesi ve glukoz oksidaz immobilizasyonu

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu tez çalışmasında, enzim immobilizasyonu için yeni bir özellik gösteren tannik asit (TA) ile modifiye edilmiş CoFe2O4 (CFO) manyetik nanopartiküller kullanılarak glukoz oksidaz (GOx) immobilizasyonu üzerine bir çalışma sunulmaktadır. Güçlü protein ve tannik asit bağlanması kullanarak, glukoz oksidaz immobilizasyonu, farklı kimyasallar gerektiren, zor, pahalı, zaman alıcı ve enzim yapısına zarar veren karmaşık prosedürler gerektiren diğer immobilizasyon yöntemlerine kıyasla daha basit bir şekilde fiziksel adsorpsiyon yoluyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. CFO, hidrotermal yöntem ile sentezlenmiş ve glukoz oksidazı immobilize etmek için TA ile modifiye edilmiştir. İmmobilize edilmiş glukoz oksidaz, pH 6,5 ve 45 C'de maksimum katalitik aktivite göstermiştir. Örnekler, CFO'nun yüzey modifikasyonunu ve glukoz oksidaz immobilizasyonunu doğrulamak için titreşen örnek magnetometresi (VSM), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), zeta potansiyeli ve Fourier transform infrared spektroskopisi (FTIR) ile karakterize edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yüzey morfolojisi ve örneklerin kimyasal yapısını ortaya koymak için alan emisyonu taramalı elektron mikroskobu (FESEM) ve X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) yapılmıştır. Lineweaver – Burk grafiğine göre, glukoz oksidaz immobilizasyon sonrası glukoza karşı daha az duyarlılığa sahip olmuş ve immobilize ve serbest gilkoz oksidazın Michelis-Menten sabiti (KM) sırasıyla 50,05 mM ve 28,00 mM olarak bulunmuştur. İmmobilize edilmiş glukoz oksidaz, mükemmel yeniden kullanılabilirlik göstermiş ve 8 ardışık aktivite testi çalıştırıldıktan sonra bile, immobilizie edilmiş glukoz oksidaz, yaklaşık olarak, ilk aktivitesinin %60'ını korumuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Glukoz oksidaz, tannik asit, kobalt ferrit, immobilizasyon, hidrotermal sentez, manyetik nanopartikülThis thesis presents a study of glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization by employing tannic acid (TA) modified-CoFe2O4 (CFO) magnetic nanoparticles which demonstrates novel aspect for enzyme immobilization. By using the strong protein and tannic acid binding, GOx immobilization was carried out via physical adsorption in a simpler way compared with the other immobilization methods which require various chemicals and complicated procedures which is difficult, expensive, time-consuming, and destructive to the enzyme structure. CFO was synthesized by hydrothermal method and modified with TA to immobilize GOx. The immobilized GOx demonstrated maximum catalytic activity at pH 6,5 and 45 C. The samples were characterized by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), all of which confirm the surface modification of CFO and GOx immobilization. Also, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were performed to demonstrate the surface morphology and chemical structure of samples. According to the Lineweaver–Burk plot, GOx possessed lower affinity to glucose after immobilization, and the Michelis–Menten constant (KM) of immobilized and free GOx were found to be 50.05 mM and 28.00 mM, respectively. The immobilized GOx showed excellent reusability, and even after 8 consecutive activity assay runs, the immobilized GOx maintained ca. 60% of its initial activity. Keywords: Glucose oxidase, tannic acid, cobalt ferrite, immobilization, hydrothermal synthesis, magnetic nanoparticle

A rare complication of recurrent cerebrovascular infarct: Bilateral vocal cord paralysis

Bilateral vocal cord paralysis (BVCP) is usually the result of an iatrogenic injury especially secondary to thyroid and parathyroid surgery. However, BVCP that cause airway obstruction due to serebral cortical stroke very rarely has been reported. We, herein report a case of BVCP that resulted in respiratory arrest as a late and life threatening complication of recurrent cerebral infract. A 67 years old male patient admitted the emergency room with complaint of respiratory insufficiency. His complaint was progressed during last 3-4 months. He had two cerebral infractions attacks in a month approximately one year ago. On admission, physical examination revealed that, he had bilateral wheezing and stridor. He had right sided hemiplegia and had no history of heart failure or chronic obstructive lung disease. Endoscopic laryngoscopy was performed to evaluate upper airway obstruction. Laryngoscopy revealed that bilateral vocal cords were fixed and immobile at midline. Due to recurrent respiratory arrest, insufficient and fixed BVCP, open tracheostomy was perormed. After operation, he had no respiratory insufficiency or any complications. So he discharged from hospital with normal respiratory function

Tirozin Kinaz İnhibitörleri ile Tedavi Edilen Metastatik Renal Hücreli Karsinom Hastalarında Prognostik Nütrisyonel İndeksin Prognostik Önemi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada; birinci basamak hedefli tedavi olarak pazopanib veya sunitinib alan metastatik renal hücreli kanser (mRCC) hastalarında tedavi öncesi Prognostik Nütrisyonel İndeksi’nin (PNİ) prognostik rolünü değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: mRCC’li 77 hastanın tedavi modaliteleri, demografik, klinik ve patolojik özellikleri geriye dönük olarak incelendi ve PNİ hesaplandı. Ortanca değere göre hastalar düşük ve yüksek prognostik nütrisyonel indeks gruplarına ayrıldılar. Sağkalım analizi için Kaplan-Meier yöntemi, tek değişkenli ve çok değişkenli analiz için Cox-regresyon analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Tüm hastalar için genel medyan progresyonsuz sağkalım (PFS) ve genel sağkalım (OS) süresi sırasıyla 15 ay [%95 güven aralığı (GA): 10,9-19,1 ay] ve 27 ay (%95 GA: 15,9-38,1 ay) olarak saptandı. Düşük PNİ’si olan hastalarda, yüksek PNİ’si olan hastalara göre anlamlı olarak daha kısa medyan PFS (11’e karşı 20 ay, p=0,001) ve OS (17’ye karşı 40 ay, p=0,001) saptandı. Çok değişkenli analizde PNİ, hem OS hem de PFS üzerinde bağımsız bir öngörücü olarak gösterildi, ayrıca Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status OS için bağımsız bir öngörücü iken, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium skoru ise PFS için bağımsız bir öngörücü belirteç olarak gösterildi. Sonuç: Düşük PNİ, birinci basamak tedavi olarak tirozin kinaz inhibitörleri alan mRCC hastalarında sağkalım için önemli bir öngörücü belirteç olabilir

Antioxidant role of melatonin against nicotine’s teratogenic effects on embryonic bone development

Objective(s): This study investigated the possible effects of low (3 mg/kg) and high (6 mg/kg) doses of nicotine on the skeletal development of rat fetuses by the double staining method and the protective role of melatonin (10 mg/kg) against these effects.Materials and Methods: Eighteen adult female Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups (n=3, each) as control, low-dose nicotine, high-dose nicotine, low-dose nicotine+melatonin, high-dose nicotine + melatonin and melatonin. While nicotine was given to the experimental groups on gestation days 1–20, nicotine and melatonin were administered together to the treatment groups. The fetuses were delivered by cesarean section on the 20th day of pregnancy. The skeletal systems of the fetuses were stained using the double staining method. The forelimbs and hindlimbs of the fetuses were firstly investigated under a stereomicroscope, and then their photos were taken. The total bone length, the length of the ossified part and the ossification rate were calculated using the ImageJ program.Results: The degree of ossification in the bones of the feet and the hands was determined. When the total bone length and the length of the ossified part were evaluated, they were significantly decreased in the nicotine groups (

Prevalence of DDC genotypes in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and in silico prediction of structural protein changes

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting the biosynthesis of dopamine, a precursor of both norepinephrine and epinephrine, and serotonin. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of CSF or plasma metabolites, AADC activity in plasma and genetic testing for variants in the DDC gene. The exact prevalence of AADC deficiency, the number of patients, and the variant and genotype prevalence are not known. Here, we present the DDC variant (n = 143) and genotype (n = 151) prevalence of 348 patients with AADC deficiency, 121 of whom were previously not reported. In addition, we report 26 new DDC variants, classify them according to the ACMG/AMP/ACGS recommendations for pathogenicity and score them based on the predicted structural effect. The splice variant c.714+4A>T, with a founder effect in Taiwan and China, was the most common variant (allele frequency = 32.4%), and c.[714+4A>T];[714+4A>T] was the most common genotype (genotype frequency = 21.3%). Approximately 90% of genotypes had variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 7% had one VUS allele and 3% had two VUS alleles. Only one benign variant was reported. Homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes were interpreted in terms of AADC protein and categorized as: i) devoid of full-length AADC, ii) bearing one type of AADC homodimeric variant or iii) producing an AADC protein population composed of two homodimeric and one heterodimeric variant. Based on structural features, a score was attributed for all homodimers, and a tentative prediction was advanced for the heterodimer. Almost all AADC protein variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic

Prevalence of DDC genotypes in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and in silico prediction of structural protein changes

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting the biosynthesis of dopamine, a precursor of both norepinephrine and epinephrine, and serotonin. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of CSF or plasma metabolites, AADC activity in plasma and genetic testing for variants in the DDC gene. The exact prevalence of AADC deficiency, the number of patients, and the variant and genotype prevalence are not known. Here, we present the DDC variant (n = 143) and genotype (n = 151) prevalence of 348 patients with AADC deficiency, 121 of whom were previously not reported. In addition, we report 26 new DDC variants, classify them according to the ACMG/AMP/ACGS recommendations for pathogenicity and score them based on the predicted structural effect. The splice variant c.714+4A>T, with a founder effect in Taiwan and China, was the most common variant (allele frequency = 32.4%), and c.[714+4A>T];[714+4A>T] was the most common genotype (genotype frequency = 21.3%). Approximately 90% of genotypes had variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 7% had one VUS allele and 3% had two VUS alleles. Only one benign variant was reported. Homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes were interpreted in terms of AADC protein and categorized as: i) devoid of full-length AADC, ii) bearing one type of AADC homodimeric variant or iii) producing an AADC protein population composed of two homodimeric and one heterodimeric variant. Based on structural features, a score was attributed for all homodimers, and a tentative prediction was advanced for the heterodimer. Almost all AADC protein variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic

Prevalence of DDC genotypes in patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency and in silico prediction of structural protein changes

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder affecting the biosynthesis of dopamine, a precursor of both norepinephrine and epinephrine, and serotonin. Diagnosis is based on the analysis of CSF or plasma metabolites, AADC activity in plasma and genetic testing for variants in the DDC gene. The exact prevalence of AADC deficiency, the number of patients, and the variant and genotype prevalence are not known. Here, we present the DDC variant (n = 143) and genotype (n = 151) prevalence of 348 patients with AADC deficiency, 121 of whom were previously not reported. In addition, we report 26 new DDC variants, classify them according to the ACMG/AMP/ACGS recommendations for pathogenicity and score them based on the predicted structural effect. The splice variant c.714+4A>T, with a founder effect in Taiwan and China, was the most common variant (allele frequency = 32.4%), and c.[714+4A>T];[714+4A>T] was the most common genotype (genotype frequency = 21.3%). Approximately 90% of genotypes had variants classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, while 7% had one VUS allele and 3% had two VUS alleles. Only one benign variant was reported. Homozygous and compound heterozygous genotypes were interpreted in terms of AADC protein and categorized as: i) devoid of full-length AADC, ii) bearing one type of AADC homodimeric variant or iii) producing an AADC protein population composed of two homodimeric and one heterodimeric variant. Based on structural features, a score was attributed for all homodimers, and a tentative prediction was advanced for the heterodimer. Almost all AADC protein variants were pathogenic or likely pathogenic

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

The effects examination of social events on clothing from Republic to present day (1920-2010)

Çevre koşullarının olumsuz etkilerinden korunmak amacıyla ortaya çıkan giyim, zamanla bireyin kişisel bir parçası halini almıştır. Giysi giyinme aracı olarak medeniyetlerin dönemlerine ait özelliklerinin sunumudur ve uygarlığın gelişimini gösteren en önemli öğelerinden biridir. Tarih içinde toplumsal yapının temelleri atıldıktan sonra toplumu oluşturan bireylerin kendi kültürel, sınıfsal, siyasal yapısı çerçevesinde giyindiği ve toplumdaki yerine göre giyimde değer yargılarını oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Bu araştırmada 1920-2010 tarihleri arasında Cumhuriyet'ten Günümüze Toplumsal Olayların Giyim Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi konu edilmiştir. Araştırmada tarihi yöntem kullanılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Araştırma materyalini; yazılı dökümanlar, giysi fotoğrafları ve giysi kalıntılarından çekilmiş fotoğraflar oluşturmuştur. Araştırma Türkiye'de Cumhuriyetin kurulmasıyla birlikte çağdaşlaşma hareketlerinin başlaması ile giyimde meydana gelen değişim, yenileşme ve bunların etkilerinin nasıl süregeldiğini incelemek amacı ile planlanıp yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada net sonuçlara ulaşabilmek için, kavramsal çerçevede öncelikle giyim, moda ve toplumun tanımları yapılmış, aralarındaki sıkı ilişkiye değinilmiştir. Giyim ve toplumda yapılaşma araştırmanın sınırlılıkları çevresinde toplumsal yapının; kültürel, sınıfsal, siyasal öğeleriyle kaynaşık olarak sunulmuştur. Giyimin toplumsal olaylardan ne denli etkilendiği giyim tarihinden alınan örneklerle somutlaştırılmıştır. Bu aşamadan sonra Cumhuriyet Dönemi öncesi giyimin genel özellikleri, Batı ile ilişkilerin değişmesiyle giyimin genel özellikleri, devrimler ve çağdaşlaşma hareketlerinin giyime etkilerinden bahsedilmiştir. Cumhuriyet tarihinin giyim özelliklerinin oluşumunu belirlemek amacıyla Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün giyim hakkındaki görüşlerine ve giyim alanına önemli katkıları olan Şapka İnkılâpı ve Bazı Kisvelerin Giyilmeyeceğine Dair Kanuna değinilmiştir. Başta toplum alanındaki devrimler olmak üzere giyim kültürel, sınıfsal ve siyasal yapılara bağlı olarak değişim içindedir. Özellikle Cumhuriyet'in ilk yıllarında giyim alanının batılılaşma, çağdaşlaşma, modernleşme ve toplumsal yaşamda kişi rollerinin değişimiyle de etkileşim içinde olmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, başta toplum alanındaki inkılâplar olmak üzere giyimin kültürel, sınıfsal ve siyasal yapılara bağlı olarak değişim içinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu yıllarda giyim alanının batılılaşma, çağdaşlaşma, modernleşme ve toplumsal yaşamda kişi rollerinin değişimiyle de etkileşim içinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Eğitim sistemindeki değişimden sonra ise giyim alanında açılan eğitim-öğretim kurumları ile halk bilinçlenmeye başlamıştır. Kadınların Türk Giysi Devrimi'nde öncü roller üstlendiği ve modernleşmeye, moda olanı giymeye daha çabuk uyum gösterdikleri görülmüştür. Erkekler açısından ise bu sürecin siyasal boyuta taşınarak daha sancılı geçtiği ve Kıyafet Kanunu'nun gereklerini zorlamalar, yasaklar çerçevesinde yerine getirdikleri ve zaman zaman da karşı gelmelerin olduğu görülmüştür. Zamanla giyim alanındaki modernleşme amacına ulaşmıştır. Giyim ve toplumsal yapı ilişkisi içinde Türk toplumunda 1920-2010 yılları arasındaki geçen süreçte giyim alanında saygı değer bir ilerleme kaydetmiş, insanlar kendilerini giydikleri ile anlatmaya ve toplumdaki konumunu giysisine yansıtmaya devam etmiştir.Clothing which comes own with the aim of protecting aganist environment conditions negative effects becomes a personel part of human with time. It is a presentation of features that belongs to civilization era as the clothe wearing tool and it is one of the important elements which demonstrates the process of civilization. After laying the foundation of social structure in the history, it has been seen that people wore according to their own cultural, political and class structure and they made value judgement according to their place in the society. In this research The Effects Examination Of Social Events On Clothing From Republic To Present Day (1920-2010) is mentioned. This research was used historical method. Literature review was the collection of data. Research material; written documents, photographs and clothing remnants of clothing has created photograps taken. This research in Turkey's modernization actions to begin with the establishment was planned of the republic and done with the aim of examining the beginning of acts of modernization and the change, reform on clothing and how these effects have gone on for a long time. In order to reach clear results in this research, firstly; clothing, fashion and society touched upon the close relations among them. Clothing and society constructions was presented around the limits of research with the cultural, class and politicial elements. How clothing was affected from social events was embodied with the samples from the history. After this stage it is mentioned that the general featured of clothing before the Republic time, and the general features of clothing by the changes of relations with West and the effects of modernization and reforms on clothing. In order to determine the wear characteristics of the formation history of the Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's clothes and wear their views on the important contributions to the field, the "Hat of Revolution" and "Wearing Certain Clothing On The Law is mentioned. Clothing is in change depending and firstly modernization in society, cultural, class and political structures. Especially in the first years of Republic, human's interact in the changes of roles in modernization, westernization of clothing and social life. As a result of this research, it was determined that especially the reforms in social areas clothing was in the change depending on the political structures. On the order hand, in these years it was seen that clothing interacted in modernization, reforms and westernization with the change of roles. After the change in the educational system, public began to be concious on clothing and educational institutions. In the research content, educational institutions were mentioned time to time in Republic era. İt was also seen that women took pioneer rules Turkish Clothing Reform and adapted to wear fashion one faster. From the respect man, it more difficult when it was mentioned in political size and it was seen that they fullfilled under the obligation of rules and behave against this time to time. With time the modernization in clothing reached its aim. Clothing and social structure in the relationship between the years 1920-2010 in the process of Turkish society has progressed in a respectable field of clothing, worn by people to explain themselves and the community has continued to reflect the location of the dress