Multi-scale characteristics of vibration acceleration signals in vapor-liquid- solid fluidized bed evaporator

In this work, the multi-value phenomenon of correlation dimension and its relationship with multi-scale flow behavior were investigated by using chaos analysis of time series of vibration acceleration as well as pressure drop obtained from vapor-liquid-solid fluidized bed evaporator. Modified methods of Grassberger & Procaccia were applied in the chaos analysis. Results indicate that multi- (generally three) value of correlation dimension in the pressure drop original signals results from the multi-scale behavior in the systems of vapor-liquid and vapor-liquid-solid flow boiling. However, only one value of correlation dimension can be found in the vibration acceleration original signals. The reason is that the energy of the high frequency vibration signal is very strong, and it can cover up the multi-scale phenomena. When the vibration acceleration signals were analyzed using the Daubechies 8 wavelet, the dual effects of solid particles on the local hydrodynamics can be obtained

Heat transfer characteristics of the vapor-liquid-solid boiling flow in a fluidized bed evaporator

The heat transfer enhancement mechanism of the vapor-liquid-solid three-phase boiling flow in a fluidized bed evaporator was explained in a new way. The subject was investigated with comprehensive standard deviation, power spectral density, wavelet decomposition analyses of differential pressure, vibration acceleration, volume flow and temperature signals. Main results are as follows. The generation of big vapor bubbles and the length of vaporization section can be reflected in the downward spikes and standard deviation of differential pressure signals, which responds to boiling heat transfer process. The main influence of solid particles on tube wall is axial shear force and the volume flow of the mixing flow is balanced by the driving force and flow resistance, which relate to the convective heat transfer process. As the steam pressure grows, the heat transfer process is enhanced due to the increased vaporization section length and volume flow of mixing flow. The improvement of heat transfer process with solid holdup is mainly attributed to the collision of solid particles to tube walls

Constructing G2 Continuous Curve on Freeform Surface with Normal Projection

AbstractThis article presents a new method for G2 continuous interpolation of an arbitrary sequence of points on an implicit or parametric surface with prescribed tangent direction and curvature vector, respectively, at every point. First, a G2 continuous curve is constructed in three-dimensional space. Then the curve is projected normally onto the given surface. The desired interpolation curve is just the projection curve, which can be obtained by numerically solving the initial- value problems for a system of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain for parametric case or in three-dimensional space for implicit case. Several shape parameters are introduced into the resulting curve, which can be used in subsequent interactive modification so that the shape of the resulting curve meets our demand. The presented method is independent of the geometry and parameterization of the base surface. Numerical experiments demonstrate that it is effective and potentially useful in numerical control (NC) machining, path planning for robotic fibre placement, patterns design on surface and other industrial and research fields

Constructing G2 Continuous Curve on Freeform Surface with Normal Projection

AbstractThis article presents a new method for G2 continuous interpolation of an arbitrary sequence of points on an implicit or parametric surface with prescribed tangent direction and curvature vector, respectively, at every point. First, a G2 continuous curve is constructed in three-dimensional space. Then the curve is projected normally onto the given surface. The desired interpolation curve is just the projection curve, which can be obtained by numerically solving the initial- value problems for a system of first-order ordinary differential equations in the parametric domain for parametric case or in three-dimensional space for implicit case. Several shape parameters are introduced into the resulting curve, which can be used in subsequent interactive modification so that the shape of the resulting curve meets our demand. The presented method is independent of the geometry and parameterization of the base surface. Numerical experiments demonstrate that it is effective and potentially useful in numerical control (NC) machining, path planning for robotic fibre placement, patterns design on surface and other industrial and research fields

A Genomic Landscape of Haplotype Diversity and Signatures of Phylogeographic Distribution in Zaire Ebolavirus during the 2014 EVD Epidemic

The Ebola virus (EBOV) disease epidemic from 2013 to 2015 is the largest in history, affecting multiple countries in West Africa. Genome sequencing of EBOV has revealed extensive genetic variation and mutation rate. The evolution and the variations among genotypes of EBOV observed remain low, which suggests that the viral haplotypes may be common in this transmission. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the genomic portrait of haplotype diversity in EBOV from 1976 to the 2014 outbreaks. We obtained 176 haplotypes in 305 gene-coding sequences of EBOV and found that the Hap8 in multiple viral haplotypes is the major epidemic lineage in the 2014 Sierra Leone outbreak. The phylogeographic analysis of EBOV transmission in Sierra Leone during 2014 outbreaks indicated that the genetic flow in EBOV was no more likely to occur within or without populations and the correlation between genetic and geographical distance is not significant. Our study first detected the diversity of viral haplotypes with systematic calculation of phylogeographic distribution in EBOV. This observation highlighted how Ebola virus is substantially different in virulence or transmissibility in comparison to the virus lineages associated with 2014 outbreaks in Sierra Leone, which provides a clue to understand the 2014 EBOV spreading

Comparative transcriptional profiling of orange fruit in response to the biocontrol yeast Kloeckera apiculata and its active compounds

List of defence-related differentially expressed genes in citrus under K. apiculata treatment. (XLS 115 kb

Proteomic identification of PKC-mediated expression of 20E-induced protein in Drosophila melanogaster

Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and its heterodimeric partner, ultraspiracle protein (USP), are nuclear receptors that mediate the action of the insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). There is evidence that the activity of both receptors is affected by phosphorylation. Using a proteomic approach, we have shown that protein kinase C (PKC) activity is necessary for mediating 20E-induced expression of 14 specific proteins, including three previously reported 20E responsive proteins, and is also responsible for the intracellular localization of EcR and USP in larval salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. The 20E-dependent expression of the proteins was verified using real-time PCR and/or Western blot analysis. For some genes, inhibition of PKC activity reduced 20E-dependent transcriptional activity rapidly, raising the possibility that these are direct gene targets of EcR and USP. The data further indicate that PKC-mediated phosphorylation is also required for genes regulated indirectly by 20E-induced changes in the larval salivary gland

Prediction of Ebolavirus Genomes Encoded MicroRNA-Like Small RNAs Using Bioinformatics Approaches

Recent findings revealed that certain viruses encoded microRNA-like small RNAs using the RNA interference machinery in the host cells. However, the function of these virus-encoded microRNA-like small RNAs remained unclear, and whether these microRNA-like small RNAs were involved in the replication of the virus and viral infection was still disputable. In this chapter, the negative-sense RNA genome of Ebola virus (EBOV) was scanned using bioinformatics tools to predict the EBOV-encoded microRNA-like small RNAs. Then, the potential influence of viral microRNA-like small RNAs on the viral immune evasion, host cellular signaling pathway, and epigenetic regulation of antiviral defense mechanism were also detected by the reconstructed regulatory network of target genes associated with viral encoded microRNA-like small RNAs. In this analysis, EBOV-encoded microRNA-like small RNAs were proposed to inhibit the host immune response factors, probably facilitating the evasion of EBOV from the host defense mechanisms. In conclusion, systematic investigation of microRNA-like small RNAs in EBOV genome may shed light on the underlying molecular mechanisms of the pathological process of Ebola virus disease (EVD)

Spatial and temporal hydrochemical variations of the spring-fed travertine-depositing stream in the Huanglong Ravine, Sichuan, SW China

Automatic hydrochemical logging and in situ titration com­bined withlaboratory analysis were used to understand the spatial and temporal hydrochemical variations of the spring-fed, travertine-depositing stream in celebrated Huanglong Ravine, Sichuan, SW China. This is essential for protection of the Huanglong World Natural Heritage travertine land­scape. It was found that the deposition of travertine was due to very strong CO2 degassing from the water, leading to de­crease in pCO2 and specific conductivity (SpC), and increase in pH and SIc downstream from the Spring. However, regular downstream hydrochemical evolution was interrupted by di­lution withsnow-melt water and by renewed CO2 from some downstream springs. The chemistry of Huanglong Spring itself was stable at a diurnal scale thoughit was altered by the great Wenchuan earthquake of May 12 2008. However, in spring-fed pools downstream, pCO2 and SpC were lower, and pH and SIc were higher in daytime than at night, whichindicates that the deposition of travertine was faster during the daylight hours. This was due to the combined effects of higher water tempera­tures and higher aquatic algae photosynthesis. In addition, it was found that the phosphate concentration in the stream in­creased remarkably downstream in the tourist midseason, in­dicating water pollution by tourism activities. The increase of phosphate (an inhibitor of calcite precipitation) may be one of the reasons for the decrease in travertine deposition rates and accelerated propagation of discoloration by diatoms during the past decades, whichneeds to be given more comprehensive study and tackled in future for the protection of these world famous travertine deposits