The Discrete AKNS-D Hierarchy

In this paper, we consider the discrete AKNS-D hierarchy, find the construction of the hierarchy, prove the bilinear identity and give the construction of the $\tau$-functions of this hierarchy.Comment: 11 page

Lightest scalars as chiral partners of the Nambu--Goldstone bosons

We review the spectrum of lightest scalar resonances recently determined using dispersion techniques. The conceptual difference between the pole mass and the bare mass (or the line--shape mass) is stressed. The nature of the lightest scalars are discussed and we argue, without relying on any model details, that the $\sigma(500)$, $\kappa(700)$, $a_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$ may be understood as chiral partners of the Nambu--Goldstone bosons in the linear realization of chiral symmetry. But there remains some difficulties in understanding the role of $f_0(980)$ in this picture.Comment: Invited talk given by Zheng at QCD06, Montpellier, France, July 3--7, 200

An improved study of the kappa resonance and the non-exotic ss wave πK\pi K scatterings up to s=2.1\sqrt{s}=2.1GeV of LASS data

We point out that the dispersion relation for the left hand cut integral presented in one of our previous paper (Nucl. Phys. {\bf A}733(2004)235) is actually free of subtraction constant, even for unequal mass elastic scatterings. A new fit to the LASS data~\cite{Aston} is performed and firm evidence for the existence of $\kappa$ pole is found. The correct use of analyticity also put strong constraints on threshold parameters -- which are found to be in good agreement with those obtained from chiral theories. We also determined the pole parameters of $K_0^*(1430)$ on the second sheet, and reconfirm the existence of $K_0^*(1950)$ on the third sheet. We stress that the LASS data do not require them to have the twin pole structure of a typical Breit--Wigner resonance.Comment: 14 pages + 4 postscript figures; discussions largely expanded; references added; version to appear in NPA; title changed in the journa

Quantum limits on phase-shift detection using multimode interferometers

Fundamental phase-shift detection properties of optical multimode interferometers are analyzed. Limits on perfectly distinguishable phase shifts are derived for general quantum states of a given average energy. In contrast to earlier work, the limits are found to be independent of the number of interfering modes. However, the reported bounds are consistent with the Heisenberg limit. A short discussion on the concept of well-defined relative phase is also included.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX, uses epsf.st

Visual Prompts or Volunteer Models:An Experiment in Recycling

Successful long-term programs for urban residential food waste sorting are very rare, despite the established urgent need for them in cities for waste reduction, pollution reduction and circular resource economy reasons. This study meets recent calls to bridge policy makers and academics, and calls for more thorough analysis of operational work in terms of behavioral determinants, to move the fields on. It takes a key operational element of a recently reported successful food waste sorting program—manning of the new bins by volunteers—and considers the behavioral determinants involved in order to design a more scalable and cheaper alternative—the use of brightly colored covers with flower designs on three sides of the bin. The two interventions were tested in a medium-scale, real-life experimental set-up that showed that they had statistically similar results: high effective capture rates of 32%–34%, with low contamination rates. The success, low cost and simple implementation of the latter suggests it should be considered for large-scale use. Candidate behavioral determinants are prompts, emotion and knowledge for the yellow bin intervention, and for the volunteer intervention they are additionally social influence, modeling, role clarification, and moderators of messenger type and interpersonal or tailored messaging

Effects of Allelic Variation in Glutenin Subunits and Gliadins on Baking-Quality in Near-isogenic Lines of Common Wheat cv. Longmai 19

Two lines, L-19-613 and L-19-626, were produced from the common wheat cultivar Longmai 19 (L-19) by six consecutive backcrosses using biochemical marker-assisted selection. L-19 (Glu-D1a, Glu-A3c/Gli-A1?; Gli-A1? is a gene coding for unnamed gliadin) and L-19-613 (Glu-D1d, Glu-A3c/Gli-A1?) formed a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for HMW-GS, while L-19-613 and L-19-626 (Glu-D1d, Glu-A3e/Gli-A1m) constituted another set of NILs for the LMW-GS/gliadins. The three L-19 NILs were grown in the wheat breeding nursery in 2007 and 2008. The field experiments were designed using the three-column contrast arrangement method with four replicates. The three lines were ranked as follows for measurements of gluten strength, which was determined by the gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation, the stability and breakdown time of the farinogram, the maximum resistance and area of the extensogram, and the P andWvalues of the alveogram: L-19-613 > L-19-626 > L-19. The parameters listed above were significantly different between lines at the 0.05 or 0.01 level. The Glu-D1 and Glu-A3/Gli-A1 loci had additive effects on the gluten index, Zeleny sedimentation, stability, breakdown time, maximum resistance, area, P and W values. Although genetic variation at the Glu-A3/Gli-A1 locus had a great influence on wheat quality, the genetic difference between Glu-D1d and Glu-D1a at the Glu-D1 locus was much larger than that of Glu-A3c/Gli-A1? and Glu-A3e/Gli-A1m at the Glu-A3/Gli-A1 locus. Glu-D1d had negative effects on the extensibility and the L value compared with Glu-D1a. In contrast, Glu-A3c/Gli-A1? had a positive effect on these traits compared with Glu-A3e/Gli-A1m

The κ\kappa resonance in s wave πK\pi K scatterings

A new unitarization approach incorporated with chiral symmetry is established and applied to study the $\pi K$ elastic scatterings. We demonstrate that the $\kappa$ resonance exists, if the scattering length parameter in the I=1/2, J=0 channel does not deviate much from its value predicted by chiral perturbation theory. The mass and width of the $\kappa$ resonance is found to be $M_\kappa=594\pm 79MeV$, $\Gamma_\kappa=724\pm 332MeV$, obtained by fitting the LASS data up to 1430MeV. Better determination to the pole parameters is possible if the chiral predictions on scattering lengths are taken into account.Comment: Minor corrections made on discussions and typos. 1 ref. added version to appear in Nuclear Physics

Oxalate formation under the hyperarid conditions of the Atacama desert as a mineral marker to provide clues to the source of organic carbon on Mars

In this study, we report the detection and characterization of the organic minerals weddellite (CaC2O4 · 2H2O) and whewellite (CaC2O4 · H2O) in the hyperarid, Mars-like conditions of the Salar Grande, Atacama desert, Chile. Weddellite and whewellite are commonly of biological origin on Earth and have great potential for preserving records of carbon geochemistry and possible biological activity on Mars if they are present there. Weddellite and whewellite have been found as secondary minerals occurring inside the lower detrital unit that fills the Salar Grande basin. The extremely low solubility of most oxalate minerals inhibits detection of oxalate by ion chromatography (IC). Crystalline oxalates, including weddellite and whewellite, were detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The association of weddellite with surface biota and its presence among subsurface detrital materials suggest the potential of a biological origin for Salar Grande weddellite and whewellite. In this regard, biological activity is uniquely capable of concentrating oxalates at levels detectable by XRD. The complementary detection of oxalate-bearing phases through IC in the upper halite-rich unit suggests the presence of a soluble oxalate phase in the basin that is not detected by XRD. The formation, transport, and concentration of oxalate in the Salar Grande may provide a geochemical analogue for oxalate-bearing minerals recently suggested to exist on Mars

The STUbL RNF4 regulates protein group SUMOylation by targeting the SUMO conjugation machinery

Cancer Signaling networks and Molecular Therapeutic

Effects of different probiotics on the gut microbiome and metabolites in the serum and caecum of weaning piglets

The objective of the study was to determine the effects of antibiotics, yeast culture (YC), and Lactobacillus culture (LC) on the gut microbiome and metabolites in the serum and caecum of weaning piglets. Twenty-four weaning piglets were divided into four treatment groups: control, antibiotic (1% chlortetracycline), 1.8% yeast culture (YC), and 1.6% Lactobacillus culture groups (LC). Each group had six replicated pens with one pig per pen. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Dietary supplementation with antibiotics, YC and LC increased the abundance of phylum, Firmicutes, and decreased the abundance of phylum, Proteobacteria. Beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Megasphaera in YC and LC groups increased, whereas the proportion of Shigella was decreased. Genera Alloprevotella and Lachnospira were biomarkers in the control and antibiotic groups, respectively. Phylum, Bacteroidetes, and genus, Collinsella, were biomarkers in the YC group, and Mitsuokella, Anaerotruncus, Syntrophococcus and Sharpea were biomarkers in the LC group. Dietary supplementation with different probiotics changed the serum and caecum metabolite profiles too. Antibiotic supplementation increased the levels of D-mannose, D-glucose, and hexadecanoic acid in the serum, and the levels of myo-inositol, D-mannose and benzenepropanoic acid in the caecum. LC increased the concentrations of D-mannose, cis-9-hexadecenoic acid and heptadecanoic acid in caecum compared with the control group. YC and LC supplementation in the weaning diet could improve the abundance of beneficial bacteria by changing the concentrations of some metabolites in the serum and caecum. Therefore, dietary supplementation with YC or LC could be used as additives instead of antibiotics in weaning piglets.Keywords: antibiotic; lactobacillus culture; yeast culture; high-throughput sequencing; gas chromatography mass spectrometr