La automatización de la Biblioteca Nacional

La revolución que se está produciendo en todos los aspectos relacionados con la información y en particular en las circunstancias y posibilidades de acceso a la misma pone en cuestión las actividades tradicionales de una institución como la Biblioteca Nacional, que durante siglos se han venido desarrollando sin cambios dignos de mención. Resulta por tanto imprescindible, para una cabal comprensión del proceso de informatización en curso, ponerlo en referencia con el papel que debe jugar la Biblioteca Nacional en el futuro dentro del sistema bibliotecario español. A ello vamos a dedicar la primera parte de este artículo

El observatorio de la digitalización en Europa

La digitalización del patrimonio cultural europeo es un asunto de gran importancia para la Unión Europea desde hace ya mucho tiempo. No es casual que la Comisión haya hecho de las bibliotecas digitales un elemento clave dentro de sus estrategias políticas más significativas de las últimas dos décadas. Concretamente, la Comisión aboga por una biblioteca digital europea como punto de acceso común multilingüe al patrimonio cultural, de todos los países miembros, conservado en las distintas instituciones de memoria de toda Europa; y defiende la digitalización de todo el material cultural europeo para preservarlo y hacerlo accesible. Para ese fin, no sólo es necesario disponer de datos estadísticos que reflejen el progreso de la digitalización en Europa en un momento dado, sino también la actualización periódica de esos datos. En definitiva, un Observatorio de la digitalización que permita medir el estado en el que se encuentra el patrimonio digital de cada uno de los miembros de la Unión Europea, a medida que avanza el tiempo

La biblioteca virtual: función y planteamiento

This raises the theoretical underpinnings of the work and indicates that the same happened with the Bibliographic Heritage Union Catalogue not only just a good approach, but it is essential to sustained effort over the years. The study examines the virtual library from the user viewpoint and the reader and shows how their interests are always aiming to achieve the primary document; therefore the objective of the librarian must always save time for the reader (to get the book you want). It shows how a virtual library can be accessed from the same OPAC to multiple sources of digital information and how as a general purpose search engines can access virtual libraries. He insists that the creation of metadata allows digital objects are available, accessible and visible data sets ever greater thanks to the collection of metadata used by aggregators. It makes reference to digital imaging as a first step to establish virtual libraries and how to move beyond using optical character recognition. Particular emphasis is placed on new mobile devices and how reading is necessary to address the problems of copyright from a technical standpoint as well as legal and the need to uniquely identify each digital object. It also refers to the new rules of resource description and access to them, absolutely essential to the digital environment and how it is necessary that the metadata can be transmitted using other metadata in turn containing all information about the digital object and the digital object itself. It stresses the need to preserve digital resources and to develop digital preservation policies unlike as was done with printed books and, finally, is the next goal of virtual libraries in elaborating ontologies for semantic Web using entities and relationships designed specifically for that purpose

Has the transition begun? Goodbye Marbi, Hello MAC

The advancing Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) is described, emphasizing that with the publication of the minutes of the MARBI Midsummer meeting on 2013 this committee was officially dissolved. MARBI has been operative for 30 years. It is noteworthy that at the same meeting the MARC Advisory Committee (MAC) was created with the aim of continuing the maintenance of the MARC 21 format, but also fostering the development of BIBFRAME, as MARBI had done so far. This factre presents a hiatus in cataloguing. Resource: Description and Access has already entered into production, as well as the development of Europeana Data Model and its adoption by various international projects, most notably the Digital Public Library of America. Finally, we examine whether these important processes are objectively having any impact on the Spanish libraries

SKOS from an epistemological point of view

[Resumen] Algunas publicaciones en las que se analizan los sistemas de organización del conocimiento parten de un enfoque epistemológico. Esta comunicación considera errónea la adscripción de ese tipo de análisis a la epistemología propiamente dicha. Se presenta una sucinta revisión de los pasos recorridos por la filosofía en su análisis de la formación del conocimiento, desde su origen en el racionalismo de Descartes, la teorización de los lógicos y matemáticos, hasta llegar a la Web, considerando esta evolución como propio de la cultura universal, no solo de la cultura occidental. De hecho, la Web intenta ser una analogía del modelo del cerebro humano, más rápido y más potente. La interconexión entre datos y contenidos y, sobre todo, entre distintos sistemas de organización del conocimiento puede hacer que su peso ideológico sea compensado por conexiones lógicas e inferencias entre distintos momentos de la historia, entre diferentes lenguas y entre diferentes tradiciones culturales. En la Web va a jugar un papel crucial la interrelación de sistemas de organización del conocimiento producidos desde múltiples culturas que por su misma interrelación perderán parte de su preponderancia ideológica. SKOS ofrece un esquema lógico, es el concepto el que se expresa en el marco de una lengua, de una cultura o de una construcción social histórica, pero el modo en el que el concepto se transmite y, sobre todo, se interrelaciona con otros es independiente de esa cultura.[Abstract] Some analysis of Knowledge Organization Systems often offers an epistemological approach. This paper considers that an assignment of this type is an erroneous conception of epistemology itself. We present a brief review of the steps done by Philosophy in its study of the formation of knowledge, from its origins in the rationalism of Descartes, the theorizing of mathematicians and logics, till the Web, considering these developments proper of the universal culture, not just Western culture. In fact, the Web is intended to be an analogy of the human brain model, faster and more powerful. The interconnection between data and content, and especially between different Knowledge Organization Systems can offer supra-ideological connections between different nodes in history, between different languages or between different cultural visions. SKOS provides a logical framework for this relationship; is the concept that is expressed in the context of a language, a culture or a historical social construction, but the way in which the concept has spread and, above all, interacts with others is independent of that culture

2011, a great year for virtual libraries

The Europeana project progress is presented, emphasizing its importance among other strategies of the European Commission. In 2011 important recommendations and standards were published that clarify the future development of Europeana. Documents produced by the W3C are highlighted and Spanish contributions, particularly from Hispana, are listed. The collaboration between Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America is mentioned. Finally, the differences between various concepts like open access, open data and open source are explained

De espectadores a actores

Con la publicación en 2011 del informe final del W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group (disponible en Traducción al español de documentos del W3C Library Linked Data Incubator Group) se dio un paso muy importante a la hora de concretar los principios de linked open data al entorno de las bibliotecas, archivos, museos y centros de documentación

Virtual libraries in 2014, year of the linked open data model consolidation

The most important developments that have taken place in virtual libraries during 2014 are described. We focus on projects with a great impact, technological advancement and normative influence, especially Europeana, the Digital Public Library of America, and Hispana. We note how these large projects, based on the use of common standards and linked open data, have made it possible for archives, libraries and museums to form consolidated virtual libraries with an enormous volume of data and information of all kinds

OAI-PMH and Linked Open Data in the context of Hispana and Europeana. Some historical reflections

Se resume la gestación y desarrollo de Hispana: Acceso en línea al patrimonio cultural sobre el protocolo Open Archives Initiative, y su evolución basada en una estrategia del Ministerio de Cultura de España de convocar ayudas para el desarrollo de proyectos de digitalización normalizados. Se analizan brevemente los efectos de los cambios en la estructura de datos de Europeana y su reflejo en las instituciones de memoria europeas y españolas.This paper summarizes the gestation and development of Hispana, that provides online access to Spanish cultural heritage on the Open Archives Initiative protocol, and its evolution based on a strategy of the Spanish Ministry of Culture to grant the development of standardized digitization projects. It is analyzed the effects of the data structure of Europeana, Europeana Data Model, and its reflection in the European and Spanish memory institutions. Finally, the main problems of Hispana and Europeana as cultural heritage information systems are analyzed, especially from the point of view of the search interfaces, and the dissemination and visibility of cultural heritage in other areas such as education.This paper summarizes the gestation and development of Hispana, that provides online access to Spanish cultural heritage on the Open Archives Initiative protocol, and its evolution based on a strategy of the Spanish Ministry of Culture to grant the development of standardized digitization projects. It is analyzed the effects of the data structure of Europeana, Europeana Data Model, and its reflection in the European and Spanish memory institutions. Finally, the main problems of Hispana and Europeana as cultural heritage information systems are analyzed, especially from the point of view of the search interfaces, and the dissemination and visibility of cultural heritage in other areas such as education