Pediatric Organ and Tissue Donation—A 10-Year Retrospective Study in Portugal

Organ and tissue donation can transform lives. One donor can ensure the survival of up to 8 people through their organs and improve the quality of life for dozens more through tissue donation. Portugal has an excellent transplantation rate, but deaths still occur while waiting for an organ. The study aimed to analyze pediatric organ and tissue donors nationally and evaluate brain deaths in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over the past 10 years to identify any potential lost donors. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of pediatric organ and tissue donors and diagnosed brain deaths from January 2011 to December 2021. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed, including those provided by the National Transplant Coordination. Over the past 10 years in Portugal, 121 pediatric donors (11.7 per million population) were collected, and 569 organs and tissues were collected. During the same period in the PICU, there were 125 deaths, including 20 brain deaths. Of this group, 4 were organ and tissue donors. In the non-donor group (n = 16), a potential lost donor case stands out. Pediatric specialists need to be more familiar with the donation process, which would enable the identification and optimization of all potential donors, thus minimizing the number of potentially lost organs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Colheita de Tecidos em Dador em Coração Parado. Contribuição para a Autossuficiência Nacional?

INTRODUÇÃO: O Gabinete Coordenador de Colheita e Transplantação (GCCT) do Hospital S. José – CHLC, EPE, criado através do Despacho nº 269/1993, de 17 de Novembro, tem como missão prestar um serviço de excelência na área da doação, colheita e transplantação de órgãos e tecidos, e propor soluções inovadoras com vista à otimização de processos e à melhoria contínua da qualidade dos serviços que presta. O programa de transplantação dos Hospitais Civis de Lisboa (HCL) remonta ao ano de 1961, com os primeiros transplantes de córnea no Hospital de Santo António dos Capuchos. Posteriormente entraram em funcionamento as unidades de transplantação cardíaca no Hospital de Sta Marta e unidade de transplantação renal no Hospital Curry Cabral em 1988. Em 1991, é realizado o primeiro transplante de coração pulmão no Hospital de Sta Marta, em 1992 iniciou-se o programa de transplante hepático no Hospital Curry Cabral e em 1997 tem inicio o programa de transplante de medula no Hospital de Stº António dos Capuchos. Nesta altura, o enxerto de pele era uma terapêutica vulgarizada nos Hospitais Civis de Lisboa. No ano de 2007, foi implementado o programa de colheita de membrana amniótica e até ao momento presente é o único GCCT que tem este programa ativo. Não obstante o esforço desenvolvido pelo GCCT, em estreita colaboração com o Banco de Tecidos do Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação, IP (IPST, IP), entidade responsável pela análise, processamento, preservação, armazenamento e distribuição de tecidos de origem humana com a qual o GCCT estabeleceu protocolo de colaboração para todos os tecidos colhidos (à exceção das córneas), tem-se constatado que o país não é autossuficiente no que aos tecidos diz respeito sendo recorrente a importação de tecidos pelo referido Banco de forma a dar resposta às solicitações nacionais. METODOLOGIA E RESULTADOS: Para conhecer o potencial de doação de tecidos em dador em coração parado procuramos a nossa amostra em dois grupos diferentes: os dadores de córnea do CHLC, EPE em coração parado de 2013 (83 dadores) e os falecidos no CHLC, que em 2013 que cumpriam critérios para dadores de córneas e não foram referenciados. Para ambos os grupos foi definida a idade limite para doação de algum tipo de tecido (além das córneas), os 65 anos (idade limite para a doação de tecidos, de acordo com os critérios em vigor - 2010 - do Banco de Tecidos do IPST, IP com o qual o GCCT estabeleceu protocolo de colaboração). A nossa amostra é, então, composta por 29 dadores de córneas em 2013 com idade inferior a 65 anos e 26 falecidos não referenciados com idade inferior a 65 anos (consulta diária dos mapas dos falecidos permite identificar os falecidos não referenciados pelas unidades/serviços). Os resultados obtidos levam-nos a concluir que é decisiva a implementação de programas de colheita de tecidos em dador em coração parado de forma a alargar o número de dadores e, desta forma, contribuir para a autossuficiência nacional, em conjunto com a reorganização desta atividade nos dadores em morte cerebral bem como a revisão dos critérios de seleção de dadores de aloenxertos, de acordo com as várias recomendações internacionais

Experimental evidence that livestock grazing intensity affects cyclic vole population regulation processes

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Social interaction, noise and antibiotic-mediated switches in the intestinal microbiota

The intestinal microbiota plays important roles in digestion and resistance against entero-pathogens. As with other ecosystems, its species composition is resilient against small disturbances but strong perturbations such as antibiotics can affect the consortium dramatically. Antibiotic cessation does not necessarily restore pre-treatment conditions and disturbed microbiota are often susceptible to pathogen invasion. Here we propose a mathematical model to explain how antibiotic-mediated switches in the microbiota composition can result from simple social interactions between antibiotic-tolerant and antibiotic-sensitive bacterial groups. We build a two-species (e.g. two functional-groups) model and identify regions of domination by antibiotic-sensitive or antibiotic-tolerant bacteria, as well as a region of multistability where domination by either group is possible. Using a new framework that we derived from statistical physics, we calculate the duration of each microbiota composition state. This is shown to depend on the balance between random fluctuations in the bacterial densities and the strength of microbial interactions. The singular value decomposition of recent metagenomic data confirms our assumption of grouping microbes as antibiotic-tolerant or antibiotic-sensitive in response to a single antibiotic. Our methodology can be extended to multiple bacterial groups and thus it provides an ecological formalism to help interpret the present surge in microbiome data.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures accepted for publication in Plos Comp Bio. Supplementary video and information availabl

Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome as a distinct hereditary connective tissue disorder: novel missense variant in MAP3K7 in two unrelated patients

CDKL5 deficiency disorder is a rare X-linked condition that results in early onset of impairedmotor and cognitive skills such as motor rigidity, stereotypical hand movements and deficient language acquisition aswell as recurrent seizures. It is caused by mutations in the cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) gene, which encodes a serine/threonine kinase involved in important neuronal processes such as cell signaling and neuron morphogenesis.FCT: UID/Multi/04326/2019 (CCMAR)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Long-term changes in habitat and trophic level of Southern Ocean squid in relation to environmental conditions

Long-term studies of pelagic nekton in the Southern Ocean and their responses to ongoing environmental change are rare. Using stable isotope ratios measured in squid beaks recovered from diet samples of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans, we assessed decadal variation (from 1976 to 2016) in the habitat (δ13C) and trophic level (δ15N) of five important Southern Ocean squid species in relation to indices of environmental conditions—Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Based on δ13C values, corrected for the Suess effect, habitat had changed over the last 50 years for Taonius sp. B (Voss), Gonatus antarcticus, Galiteuthis glacialis and Histioteuthis atlantica but not Moroteuthopsis longimana. By comparison, mean δ15N values were similar across decades for all five species, suggesting minimal changes in trophic levels. Both SAM and SOI have increased in strength and frequency over the study period but, of the five species, only in Taonius sp. B (Voss) did these indices correlate with, δ13C and δ15N values, indicating direct relationships between environmental conditions, habitat and trophic level. The five cephalopod species therefore changed their habitats with changing environmental conditions over the last 50 years but maintained similar trophic levels. Hence, cephalopods are likely to remain important prey for top predators in Southern Ocean food webs, despite ongoing climate change

Tranilast increases vasodilator response to acetylcholine in rat mesenteric resistance arteries through increased EDHF participation

Background and Purpose: Tranilast, in addition to its capacity to inhibit mast cell degranulation, has other biological effects, including inhibition of reactive oxygen species, cytokines, leukotrienes and prostaglandin release. In the current study, we analyzed whether tranilast could alter endothelial function in rat mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA). Experimental Approach: Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was analyzed in MRA (untreated and 1-hour tranilast treatment) from 6 month-old Wistar rats. To assess the possible participation of endothelial nitric oxide or prostanoids, acetylcholineinduced relaxation was analyzed in the presence of L-NAME or indomethacin. The participation of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in acetylcholine-induced response was analyzed by preincubation with TRAM-34 plus apamin or by precontraction with a high K+ solution. Nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion levels were measured, as well as vasomotor responses to NO donor DEA-NO and to large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel opener NS1619. Key Results: Acetylcholine-induced relaxation was greater in tranilast-incubated MRA. Acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was decreased by L-NAME in a similar manner in both experimental groups. Indomethacin did not modify vasodilation. Preincubation with a high K+ solution or TRAM-34 plus apamin reduced the vasodilation to ACh more markedly in tranilastincubated segments. NO and superoxide anion production, and vasodilator responses to DEA-NO or NS1619 remained unmodified in the presence of tranilast. Conclusions and Implications: Tranilast increased the endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in rat MRA. This effect is independent of the nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase pathways but involves EDHF, and is mediated by an increased role of small conductance calcium-activated K+ channelsThis study was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF 2009-10374), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF 2012-38530), and Fundación Mapfre. F.E. Xavier is recipient of research fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brazil