Mutual trust and rights in EU criminal and asylum law: Three phases of evolution and the uncharted territory beyond blind trust

This document is an Accepted Manuscript, reprinted from Common Market Law Review, Vol. 55 (2): 489-509, April 2018, with permission of Kluwer Law International. Under embargo until 31 July 2018.This article examines the evolving relationship of mutual trust and fundamental rights in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. The ECJ has long prioritized the effectiveness of instruments based on mutual trust through an unimpeded system of mutual recognition. Arguments based on a violation of fundamental rights were taken to contradict the presumption of compliance, refute mutual trust, and hinder automatic mutual recognition. The ECJ has now accepted, both in criminal and asylum law, that the presumption of compliance is not conclusive and mutual trust is not blind. The article observes an emergent, but carefully controlled dynamic of rights-based assessment through case-by-case analysis, illustrating three phases of mutual trust, but argues that this dynamic is slow, unclear and inadequate. It suggests that national authorities should take a proactive role, promoting real and constructive relationships of trust, allowing an individual assessment of rights violations via rights-based review. The latter is based on a proper understanding of trust, as an evolving concept based on evidence. Respect for rights, terminological clarity, enhanced judicial communication, and acknowledgment of shared values are the way forward.Peer reviewe

Effective communication in eliciting and responding to suicidal thoughts: a systematic review protocol

Background In the UK, over 6500 people die by suicide each year. In England alone, this is one person every 2 h. Professionals assess risk of suicide in face-to-face contacts with people potentially at risk. The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide found that most people who took their life were classified as ‘low risk’ in their final contact with mental health services. Training for front-line staff in reducing suicide is a NHS priority. While there is considerable evidence on what to assess when exploring suicidal ideation, there is little evidence on how to ask sensitive questions to effectively identify suicide risk and how to respond in the treatment encounter to reduce patient distress and suicidal ideation. This is critical for identifying risk and putting appropriate care in place. Methods An electronic search will be conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases. Controlled studies of effectiveness will be identified using a predefined search strategy. The focus will be on suicidal thoughts/feelings rather than self-harm without intent to die. Two authors will independently screen articles using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and relevant data will be extracted using the Cochrane Collaboration data extraction form for randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Discrepancies between the two authors will be resolved by consensus or by consulting a third author at all levels of screening. We will assess the quality of evidence as well as risk of bias. A meta-analysis will be conducted if participants, interventions and comparisons are sufficiently similar, and we will perform the meta-analysis using Stata data analysis and statistical software. Discussion The results of this systematic review will be used to guide training and practice for health care professionals

Britain must commit to upholding civil liberties if the EU is to agree on security co-operation after Brexit

Originally published in The Conversation, June 8, 2018 1.43pm BST.The British government has made it clear it wants a new kind of security deal with the European Union after Brexit. In a speech in London on June 6, David Davis, secretary of state for exiting the EU, set out five aims for a new security partnership. He highlighted the need for a “lasting, positive” agreement, “a stable relationship, built on trust” – a relationship that “doesn’t need to be revisited or renegotiated”. Davis promised that the UK would make appropriate contributions to the costs of programmes that underpin continued cooperation. And he added that the UK “would respect the remit of the European Court of Justice” when participating in EU agencies, without explaining exactly how. But Davis’s comments came a week after a senior EU official suggested that the UK would not be able to make use of the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) after Brexit – which allows for the speedy extradition of suspects and convicted persons across EU countries. The official said Britain’s continued involvement could jeopardise “the lives and liberty of citizens”. Part of the reason for this reluctance to allow Britain access to the EAW after Brexit is a question of trust – one of the key requirements for ongoing security cooperation

Martyrs, monks, and musicians: Two enigmatic Coptic vases in the Benaki Museum and their parallels

Η μελέτη αυτή πραγματεύεται μικρή ομάδα πανομοιότυπων σχεδόν κοπτικών αγγείων, τα οποία φυλάσσονται στο Μουσείο Μπενάκη, στο Μουσείο του Λούβρου και στο Μουσείο Αιγυπτιακών Αρχαιοτήτων Petrie (University College London) και διακρίνονται για το ιδιαίτερο σχήμα τους και τον πλουσιότατο γραπτό τους διάκοσμο. Τα αγγεία αυτά, για τα οποία έχουν προταθεί διαφορετικές χρήσεις (φωτιστικά σκεύη, λειψανοθήκες κ.λπ.), φέρουν παραστάσεις έφιππων στρατιωτικών αγίων, αποστόλων, δεόμενου αγίου, μοναχού, μουσικών, γυναικείων προτομών και διαφόρων ζώων σε ποικίλους συνδυασμούς. Μέσα από ενδελεχή τυπολογική, εικονογραφική και τεχνοτροπική ανάλυση, επιχειρείται η ταύτιση της χρήσης τους (φωτιστικά σκεύη; λειψανοθήκες;), η ερμηνεία του εικονογραφικού προγράμματος στο σύνολό του, καθώς και η χρονολόγηση των αντικειμένων (πιθανώς 9ος-10ος αιώνας).No abstarct

Synchronising Wisdom and Implementation: A Formal ODD Approach to Expressing Insights on Bullying

Paper IV and V is excluded from the dissertation until it is published.The Social Simulation methodology, a mix of traditionally unassociated fields, utilises computer models to describe, understand, predict, and reflect on social phenomena. The model creation process typically requires the integration of knowledge insights from academic and non-academic knowledge holders. To ensure model quality, different processes are established in an effort to verify the alignment of knowledge insights and their implementation in the simulation model by the modelling team. However, due to a lack of technical skills, knowledge holders, who may not fully understand the model code, often perform these verification checks indirectly, for example by evaluating conceptual model descriptions. Initially motivated to create quality models of social conflict, this dissertation approaches the model quality challenge with a Domain Specific Modelling (DSM) approach. The objective was to develop a DSM tool using the Design Methodology, supplemented by a case study to provide first-hand experience with the quality challenge. Based on our project requirements, we selected University bullying as the case study subject. The Design Methodology included the problem exploration, the identification of a DSM solution, the selection of a domain and programming language for the DSM tool, the agile development of the domain language aspects with test models, and a final evaluation using the case study model.acceptedVersio

How do cynical employees serve their customers?: a multi-method study

In this multi-method study, we investigate how social job demands (i.e., social interruptions) and resources (i.e., colleague support) in the service context influence employee (negative) (re)actions to customers through cynicism towards the job. In addition, we investigate why customers are less satisfied with the provided service when employees endorse a cynical attitude. To test the hypothesized process, we used observer ratings of the employee–customer interactions regarding the number of interruptions and employee negative (re)actions during service encounters, employee self-reports of overall colleague support and daily cynicism, and customer-ratings of service quality. Participants were 48 service employees and 141 customers. Results of multi-level structural equation modelling analyses showed that whereas the number of observed social interruptions during service encounters related positively to cynicism, social support related negatively. Cynical employees exhibited more negative (re)actions towards their customers (e.g., expressed tension, were unfriendly). Consequently, the more negative (re)actions employees showed towards their customers, the less satisfied customers were with the service quality. The study contributes to the literature by explaining what makes service employees cynical about their work, and why cynical employees provide low-quality services.</p

Linking young individuals' capital to investment intentions: Comparing two cultural backgrounds

By integrating the Entrepreneurial Intentionality Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour, we explored the effects of human, social and financial capital on young individuals' investment intentions in two groups (97 English and 97 Greeks). Results indicated that human capital is directly and indirectly related to investment intentions via, first, subjective norms and, consequently, personal attitudes and perceived behavioural control, while social capital is only indirectly related to investment intentions via perceived behavioural control. In the individualistic group (English), human capital related directly and positively with investment intentions while social capital related indirectly to investment intentions via its positive relationship to subjective norms. With regard to participants from a collectivistic background (Greeks), human capital related indirectly to investment intentions via, first, subjective norms and, consequently, personal attitudes and perceived behavioural control, while social capital related directly and indirectly to investment intentions via perceived behavioural control. Financial capital was only negatively related to investment intentions in the total and Greek sample

Consumer Responces to CSR in Greek Banking Sector: Does CSR Really Matter?

This paper focuses on investigating the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on consumers’ preferences and loyalty in the banking sector. The researchers examined the main concepts associated with CSR and how it is related with the choice and the retention of customers to a specific bank. 67 individuals participated in a qualitative research, which was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The purpose of the research was to analyze the extent to which CSR actions affect customers’ choice and loyalty to a bank. The main conclusions that emerged reveal that although the satisfaction and commitment, as well as the positive perception of consumers depends on the trust created by the banks, customers in Greece still believe that the CSR actions implemented by banks only contribute to increasing their organizational profits through the improved corporate reputation and recognition. It is thus evident that CSR does not have a significant impact on customers’ attraction and loyalty. This paper also identified that one of the major problems in the banking sector is the lack of public confidence in the way banks operate and the special role they play in modern societies