Study on the distribution regularity of gas volume in multiphase pump

In order to reduce the phase separation, air plug and turbulence vortex in the multiphase pump. The two-fluid model and the standard k-¦ turbulence model are selected, the distribution regularity of gas phase volume within the multiphase pump is researched using the CFD software about air-liquid two-phase under the different working conditions. The results of the study showed that the gas phase gathers at the rim when the gas-liquid two-phase enter into the impeller inlet, and the gas phase is gradually increased at the rim with the increase of the flow rate, the gas is concentrated in the hub at the second half of the impeller, and the most serious aggregation is the small flow rate condition. When the flow is constant, the gas obviously increases in the guide vane hub with the increase of the gas volume fraction. With the increase of the gas volume fraction, the uniformity of the gas phase in the circumferential direction is deteriorated in the inlet and the middle of impeller, and the lower gas volume fraction region is decreased in the impeller. The results of the study reveal the distribution regularity of gas volume within the multiphase pump, provide the reference basis for the design of the multiphase pump under the higher gas volume fraction

Effect of gas volume fraction on the vortex motion within the oil-gas multiphase pump

In order to research the regular pattern of the vortex within the oil-gas multiphase pump with the gas volume fraction changes, the standard K-epsilon turbulence model is selected, the gas-liquid two-phase flow field within the multiphase pump is calculated by the CFD software under the different gas volume fraction, the regular pattern of the vortex motion within the multiphase pump is analyzed under the different gas volume fraction. The results show that, from the impeller hub to the rim, the vortex in the guide vane is gradually become smaller, the vortex within the impeller is gradually obvious, and with the increase of the gas volume fraction, the flow separation, the backflow and the vortex phenomenon within the impeller and the guide vane are gradually increased. It is also found that the flow separation has a greater influence on the turbulent dissipation within the whole flow field, that is, the more serious the area of off flow, the greater the energy loss. The results provide an important theoretical basis for the optimal design of the structure of oil-gas multiphase pump

Effect of gas volume fraction on vortex motion in hydraulic turbine

In order to analyze the vortex motion in the flow channel of the hydraulic turbine impeller during the gas volume fraction change. Now, the pump with a specific speed of 55.7 is chosen as hydraulic turbine. On the basis of considering the gas compressibility, to take numerical calculation on the model under different flow rates and different gas volume fraction, to analyze the influence of gas volume fraction on vortex motion law in the impeller flow channel. Findings: When the flow rate is small, the relative velocity distribution in the impeller flow channel is uneven, the velocity field is chaotic, and there are obvious vortices, with the increase of the gas volume fraction, the vortices in the impeller flow channel gradually move to the inlet direction of the blade; With the increase of the flow rate, the flow in the channel of the hydraulic turbine impeller is unstable. Both the pressure surface and the suction surface of the blade appear vortices, the vortex region in the impeller flow channel is enlarged, and all of them are concentrated on the back of the blade. The results provide a theoretical basis for the optimal design of hydraulic turbine structures

Robust Detection and Genotyping of Single Feature Polymorphisms from Gene Expression Data

It is well known that Affymetrix microarrays are widely used to predict genome-wide gene expression and genome-wide genetic polymorphisms from RNA and genomic DNA hybridization experiments, respectively. It has recently been proposed to integrate the two predictions by use of RNA microarray data only. Although the ability to detect single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) from RNA microarray data has many practical implications for genome study in both sequenced and unsequenced species, it raises enormous challenges for statistical modelling and analysis of microarray gene expression data for this objective. Several methods are proposed to predict SFPs from the gene expression profile. However, their performance is highly vulnerable to differential expression of genes. The SFPs thus predicted are eventually a reflection of differentially expressed genes rather than genuine sequence polymorphisms. To address the problem, we developed a novel statistical method to separate the binding affinity between a transcript and its targeting probe and the parameter measuring transcript abundance from perfect-match hybridization values of Affymetrix gene expression data. We implemented a Bayesian approach to detect SFPs and to genotype a segregating population at the detected SFPs. Based on analysis of three Affymetrix microarray datasets, we demonstrated that the present method confers a significantly improved robustness and accuracy in detecting the SFPs that carry genuine sequence polymorphisms when compared to its rivals in the literature. The method developed in this paper will provide experimental genomicists with advanced analytical tools for appropriate and efficient analysis of their microarray experiments and biostatisticians with insightful interpretation of Affymetrix microarray data

Observation of a ppb mass threshoud enhancement in \psi^\prime\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi(J/\psi\to\gamma p\bar{p}) decay

The decay channel $\psi^\prime\to\pi^+\pi^-J/\psi(J/\psi\to\gamma p\bar{p})$ is studied using a sample of $1.06\times 10^8$ $\psi^\prime$ events collected by the BESIII experiment at BEPCII. A strong enhancement at threshold is observed in the $p\bar{p}$ invariant mass spectrum. The enhancement can be fit with an $S$-wave Breit-Wigner resonance function with a resulting peak mass of $M=1861^{+6}_{-13} {\rm (stat)}^{+7}_{-26} {\rm (syst)} {\rm MeV/}c^2$ and a narrow width that is $\Gamma<38 {\rm MeV/}c^2$ at the 90% confidence level. These results are consistent with published BESII results. These mass and width values do not match with those of any known meson resonance.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Chinese Physics

Bioavailability in soils

The consumption of locally-produced vegetables by humans may be an important exposure pathway for soil contaminants in many urban settings and for agricultural land use. Hence, prediction of metal and metalloid uptake by vegetables from contaminated soils is an important part of the Human Health Risk Assessment procedure. The behaviour of metals (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, lead and zinc) and metalloids (arsenic, boron and selenium) in contaminated soils depends to a large extent on the intrinsic charge, valence and speciation of the contaminant ion, and soil properties such as pH, redox status and contents of clay and/or organic matter. However, chemistry and behaviour of the contaminant in soil alone cannot predict soil-to-plant transfer. Root uptake, root selectivity, ion interactions, rhizosphere processes, leaf uptake from the atmosphere, and plant partitioning are important processes that ultimately govern the accumulation ofmetals and metalloids in edible vegetable tissues. Mechanistic models to accurately describe all these processes have not yet been developed, let alone validated under field conditions. Hence, to estimate risks by vegetable consumption, empirical models have been used to correlate concentrations of metals and metalloids in contaminated soils, soil physico-chemical characteristics, and concentrations of elements in vegetable tissues. These models should only be used within the bounds of their calibration, and often need to be re-calibrated or validated using local soil and environmental conditions on a regional or site-specific basis.Mike J. McLaughlin, Erik Smolders, Fien Degryse, and Rene Rietr

Disparities and risks of sexually transmissible infections among men who have sex with men in China: a meta-analysis and data synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Hepatitis B and C virus, are emerging public health risks in China, especially among men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aims to assess the magnitude and risks of STIs among Chinese MSM. METHODS: Chinese and English peer-reviewed articles were searched in five electronic databases from January 2000 to February 2013. Pooled prevalence estimates for each STI infection were calculated using meta-analysis. Infection risks of STIs in MSM, HIV-positive MSM and male sex workers (MSW) were obtained. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO. RESULTS: Eighty-eight articles (11 in English and 77 in Chinese) investigating 35,203 MSM in 28 provinces were included in this review. The prevalence levels of STIs among MSM were 6.3% (95% CI: 3.5-11.0%) for chlamydia, 1.5% (0.7-2.9%) for genital wart, 1.9% (1.3-2.7%) for gonorrhoea, 8.9% (7.8-10.2%) for hepatitis B (HBV), 1.2% (1.0-1.6%) for hepatitis C (HCV), 66.3% (57.4-74.1%) for human papillomavirus (HPV), 10.6% (6.2-17.6%) for herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) and 4.3% (3.2-5.8%) for Ureaplasma urealyticum. HIV-positive MSM have consistently higher odds of all these infections than the broader MSM population. As a subgroup of MSM, MSW were 2.5 (1.4-4.7), 5.7 (2.7-12.3), and 2.2 (1.4-3.7) times more likely to be infected with chlamydia, gonorrhoea and HCV than the broader MSM population, respectively. CONCLUSION: Prevalence levels of STIs among MSW were significantly higher than the broader MSM population. Co-infection of HIV and STIs were prevalent among Chinese MSM. Integration of HIV and STIs healthcare and surveillance systems is essential in providing effective HIV/STIs preventive measures and treatments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO NO: CRD42013003721