10 research outputs found
Human neutrophils phagocytose and kill Acinetobacter baumanii and A. pittii
Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of health care associated infections worldwide. A. pittii is an opportunistic pathogen also frequently isolated from Acinetobacter infections other than those from A. baumannii. Knowledge of Acinetobacter virulence factors and their role in pathogenesis is scarce. Also, there are no detailed published reports on the interactions between A. pittii and human phagocytic cells. Using confocal laser and scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and live-cell imaging, our study shows that immediately after bacteria-cell contact, neutrophils rapidly and continuously engulf and kill bacteria during at least 4 hours of infection in vitro. After 3 h of infection, neutrophils start to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) against Acinetobacter. DNA in NETs colocalizes well with human histone H3 and with the specific neutrophil elastase. We have observed that human neutrophils use large filopodia as cellular tentacles to sense local environment but also to detect and retain bacteria during phagocytosis. Furthermore, co-cultivation of neutrophils with human differentiated macrophages before infections shows that human neutrophils, but not macrophages, are key immune cells to control Acinetobacter. Although macrophages were largely activated by both bacterial species, they lack the phagocytic activity demonstrated by neutrophils
In vitro activity of several antimicrobial peptides against colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Effect of calcium on the interaction of Acinetobacter baumannii with human respiratory epithelial cells
Genome-sequence analysis of Acinetobacter johnsonii MB44 reveals potential nematode-virulent factors
Anaerobic bacteria growth in the presence of cathelicidin LL-37 and selected ceragenins delivered as magnetic nanoparticles cargo
Venom peptides in association with standard drugs: a novel strategy for combating antibiotic resistance - an overview
Characterization of in vitro phenotypes of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei strains potentially associated with persistent infection in mice
An international assessment of the adoption of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERASÂź) principles across colorectal units in 2019â2020
Aim: The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERASÂź) Society guidelines aim to standardize perioperative care in colorectal surgery via 25 principles. We aimed to assess the variation in uptake of these principles across an international network of colorectal units. Method: An online survey was circulated amongst European Society of Coloproctology members in 2019â2020. For each ERAS principle, respondents were asked to score how frequently the principle was implemented in their hospital, from 1 (ârarelyâ) to 4 (âalwaysâ). Respondents were also asked to recall whether practice had changed since 2017. Subgroup analyses based on hospital characteristics were conducted. Results: Of hospitals approached, 58% responded to the survey (195/335), with 296 individual responses (multiple responses were received from some hospitals). The majority were European (163/195, 83.6%). Overall, respondents indicated they âmost oftenâ or âalwaysâ adhered to most individual ERAS principles (18/25, 72%). Variability in the uptake of principles was reported, with universal uptake of some principles (e.g., prophylactic antibiotics; early mobilization) and inconsistency from ârarelyâ to âalwaysâ in others (e.g., no nasogastric intubation; no preoperative fasting and carbohydrate drinks). In alignment with 2018 ERAS guideline updates, adherence to principles for prehabilitation, managing anaemia and postoperative nutrition appears to have increased since 2017. Conclusions: Uptake of ERAS principles varied across hospitals, and not all 25 principles were equally adhered to. Whilst some principles exhibited a high level of acceptance, others had a wide variability in uptake indicative of controversy or barriers to uptake. Further research into specific principles is required to improve ERAS implementation
Relationship between method of anastomosis and anastomotic failure after right hemicolectomy and ileo-caecal resection: an international snapshot audit
Aim The anastomosis technique used following right-sided colonic
resection is widely variable and may affect patient outcome. This study
aimed to assess the association between leak and anastomosis technique
(stapled vs handsewn).
Method This was a prospective, multicentre, international audit
including patients undergoing elective or emergency right hemicolectomy
or ileo-caecal resection operations over a 2-month period in early 2015.
The primary outcome measure was the presence of anastomotic leak within
30 days of surgery, determined using a prespecified definition. Mixed
effects logistic regression models were used to assess the association
between leak and anastomosis method, adjusting for patient, disease and
operative cofactors, with centre included as a random-effect variable.
Results This study included 3208 patients, of whom 78.4\% (n = 2515)
underwent surgery for malignancy and 11.7\% (n = 375) underwent surgery
for Crohn's disease. An anastomosis was performed in 94.8\% (n = 3041)
of patients, which was handsewn in 38.9\% (n = 1183) and stapled in
61.1\% (n = 1858). Patients undergoing hand-sewn anastomosis were more
likely to be emergency admissions (20.5\% handsewn vs 12.9\% stapled)
and to undergo open surgery (54.7\% handsewn vs 36.6\% stapled). The
overall anastomotic leak rate was 8.1\% (245/3041), which was similar
following handsewn (7.4\%) and stapled (8.5\%) techniques (P = 0.3).
After adjustment for cofactors, the odds of a leak were higher for
stapled anastomosis (adjusted OR = 1.43; 95\% CI: 1.04-1.95; P = 0.03).
Conclusion Despite being used in lower-risk patients, stapled
anastomosis was associated with an increased anastomotic leak rate in
this observational study. Further research is needed to define patient
groups in whom a stapled anastomosis is safe