50,245 research outputs found
Geometric phases induced in auxiliary qubits by many-body systems near its critical points
The geometric phase induced in an auxiliary qubit by a many-body system is
calculated and discussed. Two kinds of coupling between the auxiliary qubit and
the many-body system are considered, which lead to dephasing and dissipation in
the qubit, respectively. As an example, we consider the XY spin-chain
dephasingly couple to a qubit, the geometric phase induced in the qubit is
presented and discussed. The results show that the geometric phase might be
used to signal the critical points of the many-body system, and it tends to
zero with the parameters of the many-body system going away from the critical
points
A study of the problems associated with Dalangdian reservoir, China
There are over 2,300 lakes over 1 km2 in China (total area 80 000 km2). In addition there are approximately 87 000 reservoirs with a storage capacity of 413 billion m3. These form the main supply of drinking water as well as water for industrial and agricultural production and aquaculture. Because of a lack of understanding of the frailty of lake ecosystems and poor environmental awareness, human activities have greatly affected freshwater systems. This article focuses on the problems of one water supply reservoir, Dalangdian Reservoir, and considers options for improving its management. Dalangdian Reservoir is described and occurrence of algal genera given. The authors conclude with remarks on the future of the Dalangdian Reservoir
Full-potential modeling of blade-vortex interactions
A comparison is made of four different models for predicting the unsteady loading induced by a vortex passing close to an airfoil. (1) The first model approximates the vortex effect as a change in the airfoil angle of attack. (2) The second model is related to the first but, instead of imposing only a constant velocity on the airfoil, the distributed effect of the vortex is computed and used. This is analogous to a lifting surface method. (3) The third model is to specify a branch cut discontinuity in the potential field. The vortex is modeled as a jump in potential across the branch cut, the edge of which represents the center of the vortex. (4) The fourth method models the vortex expressing the potential as the sum of a known potential due to the vortex and an unknown perturbation due to the airfoil. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the four vortex models described above and to determine their relative merits and suitability for use in large three-dimensional codes
Adiabatic geometric phases in hydrogenlike atoms
We examine the effect of spin-orbit coupling on geometric phases in
hydrogenlike atoms exposed to a slowly varying magnetic field. The marginal
geometric phases associated with the orbital angular momentum and the intrinsic
spin fulfill a sum rule that explicitly relates them to the corresponding
geometric phase of the whole system. The marginal geometric phases in the
Zeeman and Paschen-Back limit are analyzed. We point out the existence of nodal
points in the marginal phases that may be detected by topological means.Comment: Clarifying material added, one figure removed, journal reference
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Characterisation of microstructure, defect and high-cycle-fatigue behaviour in a stainless steel joint processed by brazing
We report the characterisation of microstructures and high-cycle-fatigue (HCF) properties of Type 304 stainless steel joints processed by brazing. Pure copper was applied as the filler metal for brazing at 1120 °C. A two-phase microstructure was obtained within the joint region: the star-shaped precipitates and copper matrix. The precipitates with an average size of 0.43 μm were rich in iron and chromium. A fixed orientation relationship was found between the precipitates and copper matrix. The joint exhibited much higher tensile strength and HCF life when compared to pure copper. The strength enhancement can be attributed to the presence of precipitates. Furthermore, the effect of joint interface roughness as well as defects was critically investigated. The joint interface roughness showed little influence on the HCF lives. Post-examinations revealed that fatigue crack initiation and propagation occurred entirely within the joint region, hence being consistent with the similar HCF lives regardless of the pre-defined interface roughness conditions. In addition, it was found that the HCF lives decreased exponentially with the increase of initial defect area. Fractography analysis revealed that fatigue striation spacings near the crack initiation zone increased with the increase of defect area, suggesting that the larger defects result in higher crack growth rate, hence shorten the overall fatigue life.</div
Geometric phase in dephasing systems
Beyond the quantum Markov approximation, we calculate the geometric phase of
a two-level system driven by a quantized magnetic field subject to phase
dephasing. The phase reduces to the standard geometric phase in the weak
coupling limit and it involves the phase information of the environment in
general. In contrast with the geometric phase in dissipative systems, the
geometric phase acquired by the system can be observed on a long time scale. We
also show that with the system decohering to its pointer states, the geometric
phase factor tends to a sum over the phase factors pertaining to the pointer
states.Comment: 4 page
An analytical law for size effects on thermal conductivity of nanostructures
The thermal conductivity of a nanostructure is sensitive to its dimensions. A
simple analytical scaling law that predicts how conductivity changes with the
dimensions of the structure, however, has not been developed. The lack of such
a law is a hurdle in "phonon engineering" of many important applications. Here,
we report an analytical scaling law for thermal conductivity of nanostructures
as a function of their dimensions. We have verified the law using very large
molecular dynamics simulations
Effects of nano-void density, size, and spatial population on thermal conductivity: a case study of GaN crystal
The thermal conductivity of a crystal is sensitive to the presence of
surfaces and nanoscale defects. While this opens tremendous opportunities to
tailor thermal conductivity, a true "phonon engineering" of nanocrystals for a
specific electronic or thermoelectric application can only be achieved when the
dependence of thermal conductivity on the defect density, size, and spatial
population is understood and quantified. Unfortunately, experimental studies of
effects of nanoscale defects are quite challenging. While molecular dynamics
simulations are effective in calculating thermal conductivity, the defect
density range that can be explored with feasible computing resources is
unrealistically high. As a result, previous work has not generated a fully
detailed understanding of the dependence of thermal conductivity on nanoscale
defects. Using GaN as an example, we have combined physically-motivated
analytical model and highly-converged large scale molecular dynamics
simulations to study effects of defects on thermal conductivity. An analytical
expression for thermal conductivity as a function of void density, size, and
population has been derived and corroborated with the model, simulations, and
experiments
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