Digestibility and Physicochemical Properties of Brown Rice and Black Glutinous Rice under a Combination of Heat-Moisture Treatments and Citric Acid

Brown rice and black glutinous rice are rich in nutrients and fiber the body needs. The difference between brown and black glutinous rice lies in the starch content, namely amylose, and amylopectin, which can affect digestibility. Low digestibility rice can lower blood glucose levels, so it is needed for people with diabetes and obesity. This study modified brown rice and black glutinous rice with double modification HMT-crosslinking with citric acid and Crosslinking-HMT with various variations to determine the physicochemical properties and the lowest digestibility of brown rice and black glutinous rice. Multiple modifications can reduce digestibility, but a modification of HMT 25%-Crosslinking 20% showed the lowest digestibility in black glutinous rice. Differences in amylose and amylopectin levels in the sample can cause differences in the decrease in solubility and swelling power. The lowest solubility was found in brown rice with the HMT 25%-Crosslinking 20% variation, and the lowest swelling power in the brown rice sample with the HMT 25%-Crosslinking 20% variation. The formation of new covalent bonds after the crosslinking modification process can be identified by FTIR in the 1735 cm-1 reg

DIFFUSION BEHAVIOR OF KETOPROFENTHROUGHCHITOSAN.ALGINATE MEMBRANES

ABSTRACT Chitosan-alginate membrane diffusion behavior has been investigated for its application in drugs delivery system. Ketoprofen diffusion behavior assay were performed at 37 and 42°C to membrane thickness (h) and donor cell concentration of ketoprofen variations (A). The results showed that e9uilibrium concentrations (Cs)of ketoprofen equation was 27.0087 + 0.09067T - 1.7499h + 0.1030A + 0.0161h - 0.0022A2 + 0.0040Th - 0.0018TA + 0.0095hA. The value of Cswas closer to the expected therapy concentration at 50 and 75 mg/L with thin membrane (10-34 11m).Based on Higuchi equation, the model forJ and D were J = 11.0849- 0.2713T- 0.3132h- 0.7461Cs-0.0096A - 0.0001h2- 0.0131C/ + 0.0002A2 + 0.0084Th + 0.0275TCs- 0.0018TA - 0.0059hCs + 0.0021hA + 0.0037C,A with ~ = 97.9% and D = -12.5000 + 0.2266T + 0.1313h + 0.1538Cs+ 0.1200A - 0.0009h2+ 0.0240 C/- 0.0009A2+ 0.0015Th- 0.0150 TCs- 0.0011TA- 0.0096hCs+ 0.0004hA+ 0.0039C,Awith ~ = 98.7%, respectively. The two dimensional contour maps of J versus A and h, both at 37 and 42°C, showed an increasing of J value as A, h, or T increased. Keywords: ketoprofen, chitosan-alginate, diffusio

mwningkatkan kemenarikan pembelajaran gerak dasar melempar, menangkap dan menendang menggunakan metode play and games pada siswa kelas III SDN Gondangrejo Kecamatan Gondangwetan Kabupaten Pasuruan

ABSTRAK   Wukirsari, Dian Resmi. 2012. Increase The Attractiveness Learning Basic Motion Throwing, Catching and Kicking Using the Methods of Play and Games at third Grade Students of SDN. Gondangrejo Gondangwetan Sub-district Pasuruan Regency. Thesis, Department of Physical Education and Health Faculty of Sport Sciences, State University of Malang. Supervisor: (I) Drs. Mu’arifin, M.Pd, (II) Drs. Tatok Sugiarto, S.Pd, M.Pd.   Key words: Increase, Attractiveness Learning, Basic Motion Throwing, Catching and Kicking, Methods of Play and Games. Basic motion of throwing, catching and kicking is one of the learning material contained in the standard of competence Elementary School third grade. One of the basic competencies of the basic motion combination Practice throwing, catching and kicking with good coordination in a simple game, as well as rules and cooperation. From the observation data through the data results of initial observations the attractiveness learning basic motion throwing, catching and kicking occured several issues including: (1) 42,2% or 16 students less serious/earnest during the learning process engineering throwing, catching and kicking there are even students who sat on the sidelines at the time of learning; (2) 42,8% or 16 students look lacking spirit in following the techniques of learning throwing, catching and kicking; (3) there is 44,5% or 17 students who are less enthusiastic in doing engineering throwing, catching and kicking, among other states bored and tired. This study aims to improve the attractiveness of learning the basic motion throwing, catching and kicking using the method of play and games at third Grade Students of SDN. Gondangrejo Gondangwetan Sub-district Pasuruan Regency. Retrieval of data held 1 December to 15 December 2011. Data obtaine from field notes, observation sheets, interview and documentation. This study uses Classroom Action Research (CAR), with 2 cycles consisting of planning, implementation measures, observation and reflection carried out collaboration between researchers, teachers of Physical Education and Sports and other health students. The results of this study can be summed up some of the following: with the use methods of play and games, attractiveness learning basic motion throwing , catching and kicking up of desie sub indictor rose to 100%. Of the sub indicator spirit rose to 99,3%, while the sub indicator enthusiastically rose to 99,3%. In addition to the percentage of the attractiveness of learning, also results obtained from observations of students attitudes during the process of learning, in cycle 1 there are students who are not fully clothed, there are students who are not serious when warming up, there are student who do not pay attention when the teacher explain the learning materials, there are student who are still confused with the game. However, in cycle 2 already looks pretty good improvement in comparison to cycle 1, cycle 2 is all students, fully dressed,all students have the spirit to warm up, students do learning process well, and all the students are happy to do variations of the game. Also obtained from the attitudes of teachers are also paying less attention to student teachers during the learning progress, teachers are still lacking in time management and correction of incorrect movements are not taken immediately. However, in cycle 2, the teacher’s attention to students when learning, teachers are pretty well set up time and motion correction of the wrong done immediately. Researchers suggest, for the teacher to enrich the kowledge about methods of learning, so that learning objectives can be achieved. For students learning can be use as a guide, for schools can be used as a benchmark the success of sport and physical education and health care for the investigators can be used as a reference source for students who conduct research related to the material in this thesis

Kitosan : Sumber Biomaterial Masa Depan

x.162 hal.;ill.;23 c

ENKAPSULASI KETOPROFEN DENGAN KITOSAN-ALGINAT BERDASARKAN JENIS DAN RAGAM KONSENTRASI TWEEN 80 DAN SPAN 80

Encapsulated Ketoprofen by Chitosan-Alginat based on Type and Variation of Tween 80 and Span 80 Concentration. Ketoprofen has been encapsulated by chitosan-alginate based on types of surfactant and it’s concentration. The variations of concentration either Tween 80 (polietilena sorbitanmonooleat) or Span 80 (sorbitanmonooleat) that used were around (1- 3)% concentrations with stirring around (15-60) minutes. The using of Tween 80 resulted efficiency of encapsulated ketoprofen and nano particle size (100-1000) nm are higher than Span 80.Keywords: encapsulated ketoprofen, chitosan-alginate, Span 80, Tween 8

DIFFUSION BEHAVIOR OF KETOPROFEN THROUGH CHITOSAN-ALGINATE MEMBRANES

Chitosan-alginate membrane diffusion behavior has been investigated for its application in drugs delivery system. Ketoprofen diffusion behavior assay were performed at 37 and 42 °C to membrane thickness (h) and donor cell concentration of ketoprofen variations (A). The results showed that equilibrium concentrations (Cs) of ketoprofen equation was 27.0087 + 0.09067T - 1.7499h + 0.1030A + 0.0161h2 - 0.0022A2 + 0.0040Th - 0.0018TA + 0.0095hA. The value of Cs was closer to the expected therapy concentration at 50 and 75 mg/L with thin membrane (10-34 μm). Based on Higuchi equation, the model for J and D were J = 11.0849 - 0.2713T - 0.3132h - 0.7461Cs - 0.0096A - 0.0001h2 - 0.0131Cs2 + 0.0002A2 + 0.0084Th + 0.0275TCs - 0.0018TA - 0.0059hCs + 0.0021hA + 0.0037CsA with R2 = 97.9% and D = -12.5000 + 0.2266T + 0.1313h + 0.1538Cs + 0.1200A - 0.0009h2 + 0.0240 Cs2 - 0.0009A2 + 0.0015Th - 0.0150 TCs - 0.0011TA - 0.0096hCs + 0.0004hA + 0.0039CsA with R2 = 98.7%, respectively. The two dimensional contour maps of J versus A and h, both at 37 and 42 °C, showed an increasing of J value as A, h, or T increased

PEMBATALAN HIBAH KEPADA ANAK ANGKAT TERHADAP HARTA PENINGGALAN YANG BELUM DIBAGI WARIS (Studi Kasus Putusan PN Nomor 02/PDT.G/2008/PN.Ngw. jo Putusan PT Nomor 125/PDT/2009/PT.SBY jo Putusan MA Nomor 2944 K/PDT/2009)

This research was intended to identify judge consideration in verdict of cancelation of grant to adopted child over inheritance that have not been distributed and legal consequence of grant cancelation for disputing parties. Thisresearch was a juridical normative, meaning that this study focuses on the legal norms that are to be used to analyze the problems being studied. Collecting data through library research to obtain secondary data and field research to obtain primary data. The results were analyzed by descriptivequalitative. The result indicated that, first, the judges used some considerations in verdict of cancelation of grant to adopted child over inheritance that have not been distributed in first court verdict no 02/Pdt.G/2008/PN.Ngw. The considerations were that the deceased�s son have adopted child, that plaintiff is heir, that about grant according adat law it is possible for one to bequeathhis property to other that is not heir, that confine of allowable bequeath is not more than 1/3 part of his property, that according to adat law when someone dead not leaving child or grandchild, his parent is still alive, they entitle to the property, when his parent have dead, the heir is sibling. If the sibling have dead, the sibling�s children substitute the position as heir and so on, and that the deceased leave widow receiving ¾ part and biological child receiving ¼ part. The second result was about legal consequence of grant cancelation for disputing parties. Plaintiff is heir of the deceased that entitled his property. The property has not been distributed among heirs. And the court sentenced defendant or anyone that have got his right to deliver 2/3 part

Utilization of Silica Gel for the Synthesis of Geranyl Laurate and Citronellyl Laurate

Geraniol and citronellol are monoterpenoid alcohols with diverse pharmacological activities. This research focuses on synthesized of geranyl laurate and citronellyl laurate using silica gel as an esterification catalyst. The FTIR peak spectra of silica gel showed that Si-OH, Si-O-Si group were observed. XRD showed that the silica gel is an amorphous phase. The reaction was conducted under reflux using a Dean–Stark trap. The reaction was monitored by TLC and then the product was purified using column chromatography. This work reported that silica gel can be utilized as a catalyst for preparing geranyl laurate and citronellyl laurate which proven by the spectra of FTIR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR of the geranyl laurate and citronellyl laurate formed. The IR spectra of geranyl laurate and citronellyl laurate showed the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) at 1744-1745 cm-1 and C-O from ester at 1170-1176 cm-1. The peak number and its chemical shift on 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra further verified the structure of geranyl laurate and citronelyl laurate. In conclusion, silica gel can be utilized as a catalyst for preparing geranyl laurat and citronellyl laurate. Therefore a silica gel-based catalyst is promising to be developed for esterification applications

Recent Trends in the Synthesis and Bioactivity of Coumarin, Coumarin–Chalcone, and Coumarin–Triazole Molecular Hybrids

Molecular hybridization represents a new approach in drug discovery in which specific chromophores are strategically combined to create novel drugs with enhanced therapeutic effects. This innovative strategy leverages the strengths of individual chromophores to address complex biological challenges, synergize beneficial properties, optimize pharmacokinetics, and overcome limitations associated with single-agent therapies. Coumarins are documented to possess several bioactivities and have therefore been targeted for combination with other active moieties to create molecular hybrids. This review summarizes recent (2013–2023) trends in the synthesis of coumarins, as well as coumarin–chalcone and coumarin–triazole molecular hybrids. To cover the wide aspects of this area, we have included differently substituted coumarins, chalcones, 1,2,3– and 1,2,4–triazoles in this review and considered the point of fusion/attachment with coumarin to show the diversity of these hybrids. The reported syntheses mainly relied on well-established chemistry without the need for strict reaction conditions and usually produced high yields. Additionally, we discussed the bioactivities of the reported compounds, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-cholinesterase activities and commented on their IC50 where possible. Promising bioactivity results have been obtained so far. It is noted that mechanistic studies are infrequently found in the published work, which was also mentioned in this review to give the reader a better understanding. This review aims to provide valuable information to enable further developments in this field

Encapsulated Ketoprofen by Chitosan-Alginat based on Type and Variation of Tween 80 and Span 80 Concentration.

Encapsulated Ketoprofen by Chitosan-Alginat based on Type and Variation of Tween 80 and Span 80Concentration. Ketoprofen has been encapsulated by chitosan-alginate based on types of surfactant and it’sconcentration. The variations of concentration either Tween 80 (polietilena sorbitanmonooleat) or Span 80(sorbitanmonooleat) that used were around (1- 3)% concentrations with stirring around (15-60) minutes. The using ofTween 80 resulted efficiency of encapsulated ketoprofen and nano particle size (100-1000) nm are higher than Span 80