Editorial

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the sustainability of organisational changes for diploma programmes, the development of Preparation for Tertiary Learning (PTL), and childhood teacher education programme in New Zealand

Alcohol, transitions and the University 'Bubble':a qualitative case study

Summary. Drinking behaviour in the UK population continues to be of topical interest with ongoing references to a drinking culture consistent in the British media. This is despite an overall fall in drinking patterns across the UK reported by public health sources in recent years. ‘Heavy drinking’1 in universities has been suggested as a normative social behaviour and there are a number of studies that describe this in large scale descriptive studies of patterns of drinking and trends in morbidity and mortality. However, longitudinal, qualitative case studies which explore the interpretations of drinking in the social context of a university across different courses are limited. Design and methodology. This is a longitudinal, instrumental case study which followed a cohort of undergraduate students through their time at university with multiple data collection points across three years from 2012 to 2015. In depth interviews with a variety of stakeholders and other methods were triangulated to explore the nature of drinking behaviour over time at one university. Participants from a range of courses were recruited and individual and focus group interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed. QSR NVivo software was used to collect, organise and code data and thematic analysis was utilised to explore the findings Key Findings: - There is an enduring perception at the Case University that heavy drinking is an expected student behaviour. - Participants felt ‘safe’ at the Case University to drink heavily because it was transient and they said they would not continue with that behaviour once they started work (the ‘bubble’ effect). - For younger students, (18-24-year-olds), the motivation for drinking alcohol changed over three years from ‘having fun’ and ‘partying’ in the first year to ‘relieving stress’ and ‘relaxing’ in the third year. - The Student Union (SU) body and some academic staff appeared complicit in the normalisation of drinking at the Case University. - Some young people ‘pretended’ to drink in order to achieve a sense of belonging to their peer group. - Non-drinkers felt uncomfortable in the SU bar and avoided that social space, reporting that there was particular pressure to drink in that environment. Key Recommendations - There needs to be a move towards changing the cultural expectations that heavy drinking is a key feature of student life at the Case University. - A culture of inclusivity at the Case University is needed to accommodate those who choose not to drink or drink in moderation. - Considerations of how the Case University promotes drinking in the setting and how risk is managed is important

Agenesis of Maxillary Lateral Incisors in Orthodontic Patients and the Relation to Overall Tooth Size

The maxillary lateral incisor is the second most frequently missing tooth in the dental arch with clinical management requiring a complex and multidisciplinary treatment approach. It has been suspected that teeth could be smaller in the maxillary or mandibular arches in patients experiencing agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor, making ideal occlusal relationships and space creation for restoration of the lateral incisor difficult to obtain. The purpose of this study is to determine if a tooth size discrepancy exists in orthodontic patients with agenesis of the maxillary lateral incisor(s). Forty sets of dental casts from Caucasian orthodontic patients (19 male and 21 female) mean age 15.9 years were gathered from orthodontists in the Greater Milwaukee area. All casts had agenesis of one or both maxillary lateral incisors but an otherwise full complement of teeth from first molar to first molar. The teeth were measured with a digital caliper at their greatest mesio–distal width and then compared to a control group gathered from Marquette University’s Orthodontic department matched for ethnicity, age and gender. Males in the test group had significantly smaller maxillary posterior teeth when compared to males in the control group, with differences in posterior tooth size ranging from 0.28 –0.78mm. Females in the test group showed significantly smaller maxillary anterior teeth with significant differences ranging from 0.22–0.42mm. The posterior teeth (first bicuspid through first molar), were not significantly smaller in the female test group. Some of the test group’s mandibular teeth for males and females were smaller than normal, but no apparent pattern was observed. The remaining maxillary lateral incisor was also significantly smaller (1.27mm difference) in the male and female unilateral agenesis test groups indicating higher incidence of ’peg’ laterals when compared to the control group. The present study found that agenesis of one or both maxillary lateral incisors is associated with a tooth size discrepancy. Caucasian males experienced smaller than normal posterior maxillary teeth and females showed smaller anterior maxillary teeth. It is important for clinicians to recognize a tooth size discrepancy before creating a treatment plan for a patient experiencing a missing maxillary lateral incisor

Nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation is compromised in isolated pulmonary arteries from COX knockout mice

Cyclooxygenase (COX) has two isoforms and is essential for prostanoid synthesis. COX-1 is constitutive whilst COX-2 is induced in inflammation. Two COX products, prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane (TxA2), regulate vessel tone; PGI2 mediates vasodilation and platelet inhibition, and TxA2 opposes this. PGI2 therapies are used in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Endogenous TxA2/PGI2 has been linked to PAH in animal models, but the mechanism and isoform involved is debated. We hypothesized that pulmonary artery (PA) from COX-1–/– and COX-2–/– mice would have altered vasodilatory function compared with wild-type (WT; C57Bl6) mice. Vasomotor responses to contractile and relaxant agents were measured by myography. PA from all mice responded similarly to contraction by high potassium or the TxA2 mimetic, U46619. Relaxation to PGI2 receptor or PPARβ/ agonists was also similar in all PAs. However, COX-1–/– and, to a lesser extent, COX-2–/– PA had impaired vasodilation to acetylcholine (ACh), which stimulates endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release, and COX-1–/– PA also dilated less to sodium nitroprusside (SNP); an NO donor that works on smooth muscle (Fig 1). These data indicate an interaction between COX and NO sensing pathways in pulmonary vessels, and have implications for our understanding of PAH.Non peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

The Politics of Tidelands: A Case Study of the Massachusetts Chapter 91 Program

The Massachusetts Chapter 91 Waterways Program is a licensing program through which the Commonwealth carries out its responsibilities under the Public Trust Doctrine. It was unclear when this study was undertaken whether public participation in the program development process resulted in a different program than the draft program the state originally proposed in 1986. This qualitative case study was developed based on hundreds of pages of letters, comments and testimony from the public, press clippings and interviews. The primary finding is that public participation, particularly from so-called special interest groups, resulted in a final program which was significantly different from the 1986 Draft Program which was developed without public input

Come to Your Senses, Remember Belongings: A Pedagogy of Making, Memory and the Haptics of Home

The relationships of memory to place, and of place to body, assert haptic memory and sensory knowing in this art practice research. Beginning with evocative objects a wardrobe, a pair of shoes, a dress this dissertation traces a circuitous material journey to a sensual biography of place. It culminates in two exhibitions, Her Place and What was Learned There, and Her Place-Scraps, distinct drawing installations of graphite rubbings on tracing paper, assembling a feminist response to familial vulnerabilities. The subject is the floors, walls, windows, ceilings, doors, stairs, furniture, clothing and surrounding landscape of an inherited home, forming a partial and fragmented archive reminiscent of memorys inconsistency, clarity, unreliability and fragility. The physically demanding process of art making asserted my body in that inheritance, while the architectural structures, the many objects and substances used throughout the studio research, reflect Mezeis domestic effects. What evolves is the notion of haptics of home, sensuous memory and the residue of emotion rooted in tactile experience, supported by theorists Krasner and Fisher. I bring Kuhns memory work methodology into conversation with Kadar and Perreaults interrelated concept of auto/ biography, reflecting personal and social memory as specific to time and place. Incorporating memory work, I use creative writing to open a range of experiences that confront gender politics of the domestic in material, familial and narrative inheritances, and a requisite disinheritance, referring to Bailey and Goodall. I discuss contemporary women artists critically addressing materials, auto/ biography, place, and the domestic sphere, as well as the historical and contemporary uses of rubbings in the West and East, encompassing geographical, biographical and educational purpose. I document the studio work in Process Journals, which elucidate a pedagogy of making, exemplifying the entwined processes of art making, thinking and theorizing; more significantly, this studio-making pedagogy reveals working with uncertainty, following curiosity and, ultimately, recognizing not knowing as intrinsic to art practice and to education. As artist and visual art teacher, I consider the generative potential of art practice in relation to natality, Hannah Arendts call for the necessity of education to continually re-invent itself

Use of the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire to identify treatment needs in looked after children referred to CAMHS

© The Author(s) 2019Background: In England and Wales, the Strengths & Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is used to assess and monitor looked after children’s (LAC) mental health; and some targeted CAMHS teams use it to decide who can access services. However, the ability of the single-informant SDQ to identify LAC who need mental health treatment is insufficiently understood. Methods: 144 LAC referrals to a Targeted CAMHS Team were screened as part of a larger study. To establish how well the SDQ identified children who required treatment, Total Difficulties Scores (TDS) from single-informant SDQs submitted at referral were compared to treatment recommendations following routine CAMHS assessment in a real-world setting. To explain the results, clinicians (n=9) from the team were interviewed and key themes identified using Thematic Analysis. Results: Optimal accuracy calculations for SDQs completed by carers (TDS=17, sensitivity .67, specificity .57), teachers (TDS=17, sensitivity .79, specificity .71) and young people (TDS=14, sensitivity.79, specificity .42) compared to the outcome of routine CAMHS assessments indicated that the number of children whose treatment needs were not identified by their SDQ score may be unacceptably high. Key themes from clinician interviews identified possible gaps and limitations: Developmental Trauma and Attachment Difficulties, A different kind of ‘patient?’, Seeing the bad but neglecting the sad, and The importance of clinical judgement. Conclusions: Contrary to UK Government policy, this study suggests that the single-report SDQ should not be relied upon as a sole means of identifying mental health difficulties in this vulnerable, high-risk population.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Queering whole person care in a pandemic

How can health care providers (HCPs) working with 2SLGBTQ+ patients enact a whole person care approach during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its aftermath, and in such desperate times, is it even reasonable to expect them to? In this presentation, a nurse/nursing educator and a health care researcher/frequent patient discuss their observations and experiences of whole person care during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The conversation highlights that in the immediate chaos early on, and in the face of exhaustion, trauma, and burnout as the pandemic progressed, attending to the whole personhood of patients was/is paramount for HCPs and for the people they treat. The presenters reflect on the amplified significance of a whole person approach for 2SLGBTQ+ people who may have had negative health care experiences in the past, and may fear that they will not receive equitable care in the chaotic context of a pandemic. A whole person care approach is perhaps most necessary when it is also most difficult. In a period of such profound distress, a deeper sense of connectedness to patients may help HCPs manage feelings of helplessness they are likely to encounter, and surely helps the people they treat. The goal of this presentation is to begin a discussion about the ways that whole person approaches benefit 2SLGBTQ+ patients as well as their HCPs, with the hope that it will spark ideas for attendees to develop in their own practices

The penultimate syllable vowel length among Setswana-English bilingual children

This study examines the relative duration of the penultimate syllable vowel (PSVL) in multisyllabic Setswana words in the speech of 20 Batswana (citizens) primary school children aged 6-7 years growing up in Botswana. Setswana phonology requires the lengthening of the vowel in the penultimate syllable of multisyllabic words. The participants are 10 privately educated English medium early sequential Setswana-English bilingual children, taught full-time in English (L2) from the age of 3 years, for whom English has become dominant, and 10 Setswana monolingual children. The aim is to see whether the L2, which does not have the PSVL as a phonological pattern, has had an effect on the L1 of the bilinguals. The results show that the bilinguals do not lengthen the penultimate syllable vowel; rather, they lengthen the vowel of the final syllable. The results support the notion that extensive exposure to L2 can cause changes to the patterns of L1