60 research outputs found
A dynamical symmetry for supermembranes
A dynamical symmetry for supersymmetric extended objects is given.Comment: 3 page
Partial Hamiltonian reduction of relativistic extended objects in light-cone gauge
The elimination of the non-transversal field in the standard light-cone
formulation of higher-dimensional extended objects is formulated as a
Hamiltonian reduction.Comment: 11 page
Partially gapped fermions in 2D
We compute mean field phase diagrams of two closely related interacting
fermion models in two spatial dimensions (2D). The first is the so-called 2D
t-t'-V model describing spinless fermions on a square lattice with local
hopping and density-density interactions. The second is the so-called 2D
Luttinger model that provides an effective description of the 2D t-t'-V model
and in which parts of the fermion degrees of freedom are treated exactly by
bosonization. In mean field theory, both models have a charge-density-wave
(CDW) instability making them gapped at half-filling. The 2D t-t'-V model has a
significant parameter regime away from half-filling where neither the CDW nor
the normal state are thermodynamically stable. We show that the 2D Luttinger
model allows to obtain more detailed information about this mixed region. In
particular, we find in the 2D Luttinger model a partially gapped phase that, as
we argue, can be described by an exactly solvable model.Comment: v1: 36 pages, 10 figures, v2: minor corrections; equation references
to arXiv:0903.0055 updated
Exact solution of a 2D interacting fermion model
We study an exactly solvable quantum field theory (QFT) model describing
interacting fermions in 2+1 dimensions. This model is motivated by physical
arguments suggesting that it provides an effective description of spinless
fermions on a square lattice with local hopping and density-density
interactions if, close to half filling, the system develops a partial energy
gap. The necessary regularization of the QFT model is based on this proposed
relation to lattice fermions. We use bosonization methods to diagonalize the
Hamiltonian and to compute all correlation functions. We also discuss how,
after appropriate multiplicative renormalizations, all short- and long distance
cutoffs can be removed. In particular, we prove that the renormalized two-point
functions have algebraic decay with non-trivial exponents depending on the
interaction strengths, which is a hallmark of Luttinger-liquid behavior.Comment: 59 pages, 3 figures, v2: further references added; additional
subsections elaborating mathematical details; additional appendix with
details on the relation to lattice fermion
Classical geometry to quantum behavior correspondence in a Virtual Extra Dimension
In the Lorentz invariant formalism of compact space-time dimensions the
assumption of periodic boundary conditions represents a consistent
semi-classical quantization condition for relativistic fields. In
[arXiv:0903.3680] we have shown, for instance, that the ordinary Feynman path
integral is obtained from the interference between the classical paths with
different winding numbers associated with the cyclic dynamics of the field
solutions. By means of the boundary conditions, the kinematics information of
interactions can be encoded on the relativistic geometrodynamics of the
boundary [arXiv:1110.0315]. Furthermore, such a purely four-dimensional theory
is manifestly dual to an extra-dimensional field theory. The resulting
correspondence between extra-dimensional geometrodynamics and ordinary quantum
behavior can be interpreted in terms of AdS/CFT correspondence. By applying
this approach to a simple Quark-Gluon-Plasma freeze-out model we obtain
fundamental analogies with basic aspects of AdS/QCD phenomenology.Comment: 60 pages. Version published in Annals of Physics (2012). Minor
correction
Role of increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation on acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients
BackgroundA strong association between elevated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) levels and poor clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) has been reported. However, while acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of COVID-19, the role of NETs in COVID-19-associated AKI is unclear. We investigated the association between elevated NETs and AKI and the prognostic role of NETs in COVID-19 patients.MethodsTwo representative markers of NETs, circulating nucleosomes and myeloperoxidase-DNA, were measured in 115 hospitalized patients. Serum levels of interleukin [IL]-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 [MCP-1], plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) and urinary biomarkers of renal tubular damage (β2-microglobulin [β2M] and kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]) were measured.ResultsAKI was found in 43 patients (37.4%), and pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) was a strong risk factor for AKI. Higher circulating NET levels were a significant predictor of increased risk of initial ICU admission, in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR 3.21, 95% CI 1.08–9.19) and AKI (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.30-10.41), independent of age, diabetes, pre-existing CKD and IL-6 levels. There were strong correlations between circulating nucleosome levels and urinary KIM-1/creatinine (r=0.368, p=0.001) and β2M (r=0.218, p=0.049) levels. NETs were also strongly closely associated with serum vWF (r = 0.356, p<0.001), but not with IL-6 or MCP-1 levels.ConclusionsElevated NETs were closely associated with AKI, which was a strong predictor of mortality. The close association between NETs and vWF may suggest a role for NETs in COVID-19-associated vasculopathy leading to AKI
Neutrophil extracellular traps and heparin-induced antibodies contribute to vascular access thrombosis in hemodialysis patients
Background Anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies may trigger severe thrombotic complications in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Tetrameric PF4 has a high affinity for extracellular DNA, which is a key component of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); therefore, the interactions between anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies and NETs can contribute to prothrombotic events. Methods Anti-heparin/PF4 antibody levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an optical density > 1.8 was regarded as clinically significant. We additionally measured serum nucleosome levels as representative markers of NETs, and the contributions of anti-heparin/PF4 and increased serum nucleosome levels to the primary functional patency loss of vascular access was assessed. Results The frequency of anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies was significantly higher in incident HD patients compared to prevalent HD patients (23.6% vs. 7.7%). Serum nucleosome levels, as well as the white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, and high- sensitivity C-reactive protein levels, were significantly higher in anti-heparin/PF4 antibody-positive patients compared to the control. Platelet counts tended to be lower in the patients with anti-heparin/PF4 of >1.8 than in the controls. Relative risk calculations showed that the presence of anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies increased the risk of primary functional patency failure by 4.28-fold, and this risk increased further with higher nucleosome levels. Furthermore, in the anti-heparin/PF4 antibody-positive group, the time to first vascular intervention was much shorter, and the risk of repeated intervention was higher, compared to the controls. Conclusion In incident HD patients, the presence of anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies was associated with increased NET formation; this could be a strong predictor of vascular access complication
Surface elevation change and mass balance of Icelandic ice caps derived from swath mode CryoSat-2 altimetry
We apply swath processing to CryoSat-2 interferometric mode data acquired over the Icelandic ice caps to generate maps of rates of surface elevation change at 0.5 km postings. This high-resolution mapping reveals complex surface elevation changes in the region, related to climate, ice dynamics, and subglacial geothermal and magmatic processes. We estimate rates of volume and mass change independently for the six major Icelandic ice caps, 90% of Iceland's permanent ice cover, for five glaciological years between October 2010 and September 2015. Annual mass balance is highly variable; during the 2014/2015 glaciological year, the Vatnajökull ice cap (~70% of the glaciated area) experienced positive mass balance for the first time since 1992/1993. Our results indicate that between glaciological years 2010/2011and 2014/2015 Icelandic ice caps have lost 5.8 ± 0.7 Gt a−1 on average, ~40% less than the preceding 15 years, contributing 0.016 ± 0.002 mm a−1 to sea level rise
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