10 research outputs found
The neural correlates of belief-bias inhibition: The impact of logic training
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate the brain activity associated with response change in a belief bias paradigm before and after logic training. Participants completed two sets of belief biased reasoning tasks. In the first set they were instructed to respond based on their empirical beliefs, and in the second – following logic training – they were instructed to respond logically. The comparison between conflict problems in the second scan versus in the first scan revealed differing activation for the left inferior frontal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, cerebellum, and precuneus. The scan was time locked to the presentation of the minor premise, and thus demonstrated effects of belief–logic conflict on neural activation earlier in the time course than has previously been shown in fMRI. These data, moreover, indicated that logical training results in changes in brain activity associated with cognitive control processing
Numerical simulations of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium
In this paper we review the current predictions of numerical simulations for
the origin and observability of the warm hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), the
diffuse gas that contains up to 50 per cent of the baryons at z~0. During
structure formation, gravitational accretion shocks emerging from collapsing
regions gradually heat the intergalactic medium (IGM) to temperatures in the
range T~10^5-10^7 K. The WHIM is predicted to radiate most of its energy in the
ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray bands and to contribute a significant fraction of
the soft X-ray background emission. While O VI and C IV absorption systems
arising in the cooler fraction of the WHIM with T~10^5-10^5.5 K are seen in
FUSE and HST observations, models agree that current X-ray telescopes such as
Chandra and XMM-Newton do not have enough sensitivity to detect the hotter
WHIM. However, future missions such as Constellation-X and XEUS might be able
to detect both emission lines and absorption systems from highly ionised atoms
such as O VII, O VIII and Fe XVII.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Space Science
Reviews, special issue "Clusters of galaxies: beyond the thermal view",
Editor J.S. Kaastra, Chapter 14; work done by an international team at the
International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, organised by J.S.
Kaastra, A.M. Bykov, S. Schindler & J.A.M. Bleeke
Exploring health preferences in sociodemographic and health related groups through the paired comparison of the items of the Nottingham Health Profile
BACKGROUND—Preference weighted measures of health related quality of life are necessary for cost effectiveness calculations involving quality of life adjustment. There are conflicting data about the influence of factors such as sociodemographic and health related variables on health preferences.
STUDY OBJECTIVE—The relative values attached to the items of the Spanish version of the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) were assessed to make comparisons across social and health subgroups.
DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS—Preference values were obtained in sets of 250 to 253 persons (total n=1258) using the method of paired comparisons after all possible pairs of NHP items had been presented to respondents for judgement of severity. χ(2) Tests and Spearman's correlations among item ranks were calculated.
MAIN RESULTS—Findings show that preferences elicited with the method of paired comparisons are consistent and independent of the sample from which they are obtained (mean correlation coefficients across subgroups range from 0.87 to 0.96). Conclusion—The evaluation of health did not seem to be related to sociodemographic variables (gender, age, social class) or to the health status of the respondents, suggesting that health preferences are stable across different populations.


Keywords: health preferences; Nottingham Health Profile; psychometric