Memory's Folly: Narrative Trauma in the Aftermath of the Vietnam War

This project explores the ways that narrative trauma was represented in fiction after the Vietnam War. Trauma is not only felt in the survivors of the War but is also inherited by the generations that follow. This inherited trauma is not memory, but something close to it. How does trauma manifest itself in veterans of the Vietnam War, their descendants, and how is it reflected in existing literature? Research was conducted through close textual analyses of works written by survivors of the Vietnam War and select works written by authors who did not experience the War yet take it as their central issue. Additional readings covered combat trauma, memory studies, and postmemory theory. Currently, very little material exists about postmemory in the context of the Vietnam War, however we may extrapolate current postmemorial writings to a Vietnam context. How does Vietnam manifest itself in the memories of the generations following the War? Like the descendants of the Holocaust, it is important to understand how these later generations (both American and Vietnamese) create ownership of memories they did not experience. This research culminated in a novel excerpt about a reporter who, after his father (a Vietnam veteran) dies, seeks answers in another veteran

A Study of The Local Toxicity of Agents Used for Variceal Injection Sclerotherapy

Injection sclerotherapy is widely used in the treatment of oesophageal varices. However, few studies have compared the local toxicity of sclerosant agents which may be important if serious local complications are to be avoided

A radiation hybrid framework map of bovine chromosome 13

In this paper we present a 5000-rad radiation hybrid framework map of bovine chromosome 13 (BTA13) containing 13 loci, including five conserved genes and eight polymorphic microsatellites. All framework markers are ordered with odds greater than 1000:1. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive map of BTA13 integrating 11 genes and 16 microsatellites. The proposed order is in general agreement with the recently published medium-density linkage maps. A model of five blocks of genes with conserved order between human, mouse and cattle is presente

Dynamic Characteristics of a Small Skyline Logging System with a Guyed Tailspar

A series of dynamic loading tests were conducted on a small skyline logging system (15.8 mm [5/8 inch] skyline) operating in a second-growth Douglas fir stand. The tests included free vibration tests and logging tests with turns weighing from 1.5 to 9 kN [340 to 2050 lbs]. Natural frequency and damping were evaluated from free vibration tests, and the free vibration portion of logging tests. Dynamic load magnitude was evaluated for logging tests with natural and artificial breakouts of turns with a range in turn weights, and for a series of logging tests with the same turn. The natural frequencies of the guylines were in good agreement with simple cable theory. However, the presence of the carriage on the skyline resulted in measured natural frequencies significantly lower than simple cable theory would predict. Damping of the tailspar system and the skyline averaged about 10% of critical damping, but was highly variable from test to test. Dynamic load magnitude, whether expressed as the load peak produced by turn break-out, or the maximum cyclic load, was highly variable, with coefficients of variation ranging from 31 to 79%. Even a series of logging tests with the same two-log turn produced maximum cyclic loads with a coefficient of variation of nearly 40%

Computer Model for Dynamic Skyline Behaviour

The development and experimental verification of a numerical model for the dynamic behavior of a cable logging system skyline is discussed. The model is intended to simulate the skyline behavior after a turn of logs breaks out of a "hang-up" on the ground. Output from the model may be used as a forcing function for a dynamic load on the tailspar or other component of the cable logging system. The numerical model uses finite difference and Runge-Kutta techniques. Output from the model consists of time-histories of the fluctuations in skyline tensions. From this output the frequencies of the skyline vibrations may be determined. The model was verified by experimental data collected while operating a small cable logging system in Oregon State University's McDonald Research Forest

Zooplankton of the waters adjacent to the C.P. Crane Generating Station

Zooplankton populations in the Gunpowder River and its tributaries were sampled monthly from July 1979 to March 1980 in a continuation of similar studies begun in March 1979. Fourteen stations were sampled for mesozooplankton (202 ~m nets); six of these stations were also sampled for microzooplankton (concentration of pumped samples on 76 ~m netting)

Larger Genomes Linked to Slower Development and Loss of Late-Developing Traits

Genome size varies widely among organisms and is known to affect vertebrate development, morphology, and physiology. In amphibians, genome size is hypothesized to contribute to loss of late-forming structures, although this hypothesis has mainly been discussed in salamanders. Here we estimated genome size for 22 anuran species and combined this novel dataset with existing genome size data for an additional 234 anuran species to determine whether larger genome size is associated with loss of a late-forming anuran sensory structure, the tympanic middle ear. We established that genome size is negatively correlated with development rate across 90 anuran species and found that genome size evolution is correlated with evolutionary loss of the middle ear bone (columella) among 241 species (224 eared and 17 earless). We further tested whether the development of the tympanic middle ear could be constrained by large cell sizes and small body sizes during key stages of tympanic middle ear development (metamorphosis). Together, our evidence suggests that larger genomes, slower development rate, and smaller body sizes at metamorphosis may contribute to the loss of the anuran tympanic middle ear. We conclude that increases in anuran genome size, although less drastic than in salamanders, may affect development of late-forming traits

Better Late Than Never: Effective Air-Borne Hearing of Toads Delayed by Late Maturation of the Tympanic Middle Ear Structures

Most vertebrates have evolved a tympanic middle ear that enables effective hearing of airborne sound on land. Although inner ears develop during the tadpole stages of toads, tympanic middle ear structures are not complete until months after metamorphosis, potentially limiting the sensitivity of post-metamorphic juveniles to sounds in their environment. We tested the hearing of five species of toads to determine how delayed ear development impairs airborne auditory sensitivity. We performed auditory brainstem recordings to test the hearing of the toads and used micro-computed tomography and histology to relate the development of ear structures to hearing ability. We found a large (14–27 dB) increase in hearing sensitivity from 900 to 2500 Hz over the course of ear development. Thickening of the tympanic annulus cartilage and full ossification of the middle ear bone are associated with increased hearing ability in the final stages of ear maturation. Thus, juvenile toads are at a hearing disadvantage, at least in the high-frequency range, throughout much of their development, because late-forming ear elements are critical to middle ear function at these frequencies. We discuss the potential fitness consequences of late hearing development, although research directly addressing selective pressures on hearing sensitivity across ontogeny is lacking. Given that most vertebrate sensory systems function very early in life, toad tympanic hearing may be a sensory development anomaly

Self-consistent implementation of meta-GGA functionals for the ONETEP linear-scaling electronic structure package

Accurate and computationally efficient exchange-correlation functionals are critical to the successful application of linear-scaling density functional theory (DFT). Local and semi-local functionals of the density are naturally compatible with linear-scaling approaches, having a general form which assumes the locality of electronic interactions and which can be efficiently evaluated by numerical quadrature. Presently, the most sophisticated and flexible semi-local functionals are members of the meta-generalized-gradient approximation (meta-GGA) family, and depend upon the kinetic energy density, tau, in addition to the charge density and its gradient. In order to extend the theoretical and computational advantages of tau-dependent meta-GGA functionals to large-scale DFT calculations on thousands of atoms, we have implemented support for tau-dependent meta-GGA functionals in the ONETEP program. In this paper we lay out the theoretical innovations necessary to implement tau-dependent meta-GGA functionals within ONETEP's linear-scaling formalism. We present expressions for the gradient of the tau-dependent exchange-correlation energy, necessary for direct energy minimization. We also derive the forms of the tau-dependent exchange-correlation potential and kinetic energy density in terms of the strictly localized, self-consistently optimized orbitals used by ONETEP. To validate the numerical accuracy of our self-consistent meta-GGA implementation, we performed calculations using the B97M-V and PKZB meta-GGAs on a variety of small molecules. Using only a minimal basis set of self-consistently optimized local orbitals, we obtain energies in excellent agreement with large basis set calculations performed using other codes. Finally, to establish the linear-scaling computational cost and applicability of our approach to large-scale calculations, we present the outcome of self-consistent meta-GGA calculations on amyloid fibrils of increasing size, up to tens of thousands of atoms