Quantitative Cartilage Imaging in Knee Osteoarthritis

Quantitative measures of cartilage morphology (i.e., thickness) represent potentially powerful surrogate endpoints in osteoarthritis (OA). These can be used to identify risk factors of structural disease progression and can facilitate the clinical efficacy testing of structure modifying drugs in OA. This paper focuses on quantitative imaging of articular cartilage morphology in the knee, and will specifically deal with different cartilage morphology outcome variables and regions of interest, the relative performance and relationship between cartilage morphology measures, reference values for MRI-based knee cartilage morphometry, imaging protocols for measurement of cartilage morphology (including those used in the Osteoarthritis Initiative), sensitivity to change observed in knee OA, spatial patterns of cartilage loss as derived by subregional analysis, comparison of MRI changes with radiographic changes, risk factors of MRI-based cartilage loss in knee OA, the correlation of MRI-based cartilage loss with clinical outcomes, treatment response in knee OA, and future directions of the field

Comments on Gustav Ranis' "Relative Prices in Planning for Economic Development"

The authors refute the basic premise of the Ranis paper which states that the development of a newly independent economy should occur in two phases--a growth-promoting phase and an efficiency-promoting phase.Center for Research on Economic Development, University of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/100704/1/ECON174.pd

Experimental study of longitudinal and transverse spin polarization in LEED from platinum (111)

Bauer P, Eckstein W, Müller N. Experimental study of longitudinal and transverse spin polarization in LEED from platinum (111). Zeitschrift für Physik, B: Condensed Matter. 1983;52(3):185-192

Optical control of the refractive index of a single atom

We experimentally demonstrate the elementary case of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with a single atom inside an optical cavity probed by a weak field. We observe the modification of the dispersive and absorptive properties of the atom by changing the frequency of a control light field. Moreover, a strong cooling effect has been observed at two-photon resonance, increasing the storage time of our atoms twenty-fold to about 16 seconds. Our result points towards all-optical switching with single photons

Integration interner und externer Daten zur Früherkennung entscheidungsrelevanter Symptome

Bedingt durch die Internationalisierung der Märkte, einen sich zuspitzenden Preiswettbewerb, immer kürzere Produktlebenszyklen und nicht zuletzt durch die zunehmende Nutzung innovativer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien sehen sich viele Unternehmen einer erhöhten Marktdynamik und einem verschärften Wettbewerb gegenüber. Für die Konzeption von Management Support Systemen (MSS) bedeutet dies, dass neben den internen Informationen auch Informationen aus externen Quellen eingebunden, mit den internen verknüpft und hinsichtlich auffälliger Konstellationen für die Entscheidungsunterstützung aufbereitet werden müssen. Im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten und kooperativ mit dem Bereich Wirtschaftsinformatik I (Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Peter Mertens) an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg bearbeiteten Forschungsprojektes INTEX („Integration von Controlling- und Marktforschungsdaten in einem Expertisesystem“) wurde dazu ein Konzept entwickelt und prototypisch realisiert [MeUh01]

Integration interner und externer Daten zur Früherkennung entscheidungsrelevanter Symptome

Bedingt durch die Internationalisierung der Märkte, einen sich zuspitzenden Preiswettbewerb, immer kürzere Produktlebenszyklen und nicht zuletzt durch die zunehmende Nutzung innovativer Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien sehen sich viele Unternehmen einer erhöhten Marktdynamik und einem verschärften Wettbewerb gegenüber. Für die Konzeption von Management Support Systemen (MSS) bedeutet dies, dass neben den internen Informationen auch Informationen aus externen Quellen eingebunden, mit den internen verknüpft und hinsichtlich auffälliger Konstellationen für die Entscheidungsunterstützung aufbereitet werden müssen. Im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten und kooperativ mit dem Bereich Wirtschaftsinformatik I (Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Peter Mertens) an der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg bearbeiteten Forschungsprojektes INTEX („Integration von Controlling- und Marktforschungsdaten in einem Expertisesystem“) wurde dazu ein Konzept entwickelt und prototypisch realisiert [MeUh01]

Meniscus body position and its change over four years in asymptomatic adults: a cohort study using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI).

A high degree of meniscal body extrusion on knee magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be strongly associated with development of knee osteoarthritis. However, very little is known about meniscal position in the asymptomatic knee and its natural history. Hence our objective was to study meniscal body position and its change over 4 years in asymptomatic adults

Object Detection Through Exploration With A Foveated Visual Field

We present a foveated object detector (FOD) as a biologically-inspired alternative to the sliding window (SW) approach which is the dominant method of search in computer vision object detection. Similar to the human visual system, the FOD has higher resolution at the fovea and lower resolution at the visual periphery. Consequently, more computational resources are allocated at the fovea and relatively fewer at the periphery. The FOD processes the entire scene, uses retino-specific object detection classifiers to guide eye movements, aligns its fovea with regions of interest in the input image and integrates observations across multiple fixations. Our approach combines modern object detectors from computer vision with a recent model of peripheral pooling regions found at the V1 layer of the human visual system. We assessed various eye movement strategies on the PASCAL VOC 2007 dataset and show that the FOD performs on par with the SW detector while bringing significant computational cost savings.Comment: An extended version of this manuscript was published in PLOS Computational Biology (October 2017) at https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.100574

Side Differences of Thigh Muscle Cross-Sectional Areas and Maximal Isometric Muscle Force in Bilateral Knees with the Same Radiographic Disease Stage, but Unilateral Frequent Pain – Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative

Objective To determine whether anatomical thigh muscle cross-sectional areas (MCSAs) and strength differ between osteoarthritis (OA) knees with frequent pain compared with contra-lateral knees without pain, and to examine the correlation between MCSAs and strength in painful vs painless knees. Methods Forty-eight subjects (31 women; 17 men; age 45–78 years) were drawn from 4,796 Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) participants, in whom both knees displayed the same radiographic stage (KLG2 or 3), one with frequent pain (most days of the month within the past 12 months) and the contra-lateral one without pain. Axial MR images were used to determine MCSAs of extensors, flexors and adductors at 35% femoral length (distal to proximal) and in two adjacent 5 mm images. Maximal isometric extensor and flexor forces were used as provided from the OAI database. Results Painful knees showed 5.2% lower extensor MCSAs (P = 0.00003; paired t-test), and 7.8% lower maximal extensor muscle forces (P = 0.003) than contra-lateral painless knees. There were no significant differences in flexor forces, or flexor and adductor MCSAs (P > 0.39). Correlations between force and MCSAs were similar in painful and painless OA knees (0.44 < r < 0.66). Conclusions Knees with frequent pain demonstrate lower MCSAs and force of the quadriceps (but not of other thigh muscles) compared with contra-lateral knees without knee pain with the same radiographic stage. Frequent pain does not appear to affect the correlations between MCSAs and strength in OA knees. The findings suggest that quadriceps strengthening exercise may be useful in treating symptomatic knee OA