12 research outputs found
Tsiganes : la vie de bohÚme ?
Depuis maintenant plus de trente ans, le MusĂ©e dauphinois explore les multiples identitĂ©s du territoire sur lequel il est installĂ©. Un cycle dâexpositions a ainsi Ă©tĂ© consacrĂ© aux populations locales dâorigine Ă©trangĂšre dĂšs les annĂ©es 1980. AprĂšs les IsĂ©rois dâorigine coratine, grecque, armĂ©nienne, maghrĂ©bine ou encore italienne, le musĂ©e a choisi de sâintĂ©resser aux Roms dâEurope de lâEst qui ont migrĂ© ces derniĂšres annĂ©es dans la rĂ©gion, Ă la fois pour faire Ă©tat de la prĂ©caritĂ© de leurs co..
Lire la Phénoménologie de l'esprit de Hegel
La PhĂ©nomĂ©nologie de lâesprit, parue en 1807, est un ouvrage singulier par son projet, sa forme, et la variĂ©tĂ© des sujets quâil aborde. Il contient des dĂ©veloppements cĂ©lĂšbres concernant ce quâon a appelĂ© la « dialectique du maĂźtre et de lâesclave », la « conscience malheureuse » et la « belle Ăąme », notamment. Bien que ces thĂšmes appartiennent Ă la culture commune et quâils se retrouvent aujourdâhui Ă tous les niveaux de lâenseignement philosophique, de la terminale Ă lâagrĂ©gation, aucun ouvrage collectif nâavait encore Ă©tĂ© publiĂ© en français qui se donne pour tĂąche de guider la lecture de ce chef-dâĆuvre hĂ©gĂ©lien dans son intĂ©gralitĂ©. RĂ©digĂ© par des spĂ©cialistes de Hegel, cet ouvrage suit pas Ă pas le cheminement de la PhĂ©nomĂ©nologie de lâesprit. Chaque contribution est consacrĂ©e Ă un chapitre ou une partie de chapitre dont elle propose un commentaire synthĂ©tique accessible. Par-delĂ lâobjectif premier, aider Ă dĂ©couvrir ou approfondir la PhĂ©nomĂ©nologie de lâesprit, il sâagit de restituer la diversitĂ© des appropriations philosophiques dont cette Ćuvre foisonnante a fait lâobjet depuis sa parution et dâinviter les lecteurs et lectrices Ă en explorer la richesse inĂ©puisable.Published in 1807, Hegelâs Phenomenology of Spirit is highly original in its project, in its form and the variety of its subject-matters. It is famous notably for its âmaster-slave dialecticsâ, and the analysis of the âunhappy consciousnessâ or the âbeautiful soulâ. These themes have become part of the common culture and they are indeed often mentioned in the teachings at high schools and universities, but a reader of this Hegelian masterpiece is still lacking in French. Written by Hegel scholars, this book proceeds steps by step, reconstructing the various stages of the development of Hegelâs thought in the Phenomenology of Spirit. Each contribution elaborates a synthetic commentary of a chapter or sub-chapter. The main objective is to help the reader understanding these chapters and their interconnections. But what is at stake is also to give a hint of the variety of philosophical discussions that have been triggered by them, and to invite the reader exploring all of its richness
Ablation of Succinate Production from Glucose Metabolism in the Procyclic Trypanosomes Induces Metabolic Switches to the Glycerol 3-Phosphate/Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate Shuttle and to Proline Metabolism*
Trypanosoma brucei is a parasitic protist that undergoes a complex life cycle during transmission from its mammalian host (bloodstream forms) to the midgut of its insect vector (procyclic form). In both parasitic forms, most glycolytic steps take place within specialized peroxisomes, called glycosomes. Here, we studied metabolic adaptations in procyclic trypanosome mutants affected in their maintenance of the glycosomal redox balance. T. brucei can theoretically use three strategies to maintain the glycosomal NAD+/NADH balance as follows: (i) the glycosomal succinic fermentation branch; (ii) the glycerol 3-phosphate (Gly-3-P)/dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) shuttle that transfers reducing equivalents to the mitochondrion; and (iii) the glycosomal glycerol production pathway. We showed a hierarchy in the use of these glycosomal NADH-consuming pathways by determining metabolic perturbations and adaptations in single and double mutant cell lines using a combination of NMR, ion chromatography-MS/MS, and HPLC approaches. Although functional, the Gly-3-P/DHAP shuttle is primarily used when the preferred succinate fermentation pathway is abolished in the Îpepck knock-out mutant cell line. In the absence of these two pathways (Îpepck/RNAiFAD-GPDH.i mutant), glycerol production is used but with a 16-fold reduced glycolytic flux. In addition, the Îpepck mutant cell line shows a 3.3-fold reduced glycolytic flux compensated by an increase of proline metabolism. The inability of the Îpepck mutant to maintain a high glycolytic flux demonstrates that the Gly-3-P/DHAP shuttle is not adapted to the procyclic trypanosome context. In contrast, this shuttle was shown earlier to be the only way used by the bloodstream forms of T. brucei to sustain their high glycolytic flux
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Predictors of treatment response in a lupus nephritis population: lessons from the Aspreva Lupus Management Study (ALMS) trial
Objectives: To identify predictors of overall lupus and lupus nephritis (LN) responses in patients with LN. Methods: Data from the Aspreva Lupus Management Study (ALMS) trial cohort was used to identify baseline predictors of response at 6 months. Endpoints were major clinical response (MCR), improvement, complete renal response (CRR) and partial renal response (PRR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions with least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and cross-validation in randomly split samples were utilised. Predictors were ranked by the percentage of times selected by LASSO and prediction performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve. Results: We studied 370 patients in the ALMS induction trial. Improvement at 6 months was associated with older age (OR=1.03 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.05) per year), normal haemoglobin (1.85 (1.16 to 2.95) vs low haemoglobin), active lupus (British Isles Lupus Assessment Group A or B) in haematological and mucocutaneous domains (0.61 (0.39 to 0.97) and 0.50 (0.31 to 0.81)), baseline damage (SDI>1 vs =0) (0.38 (0.16 to 0.91)) and 24-hour urine protein (0.63 (0.50 to 0.80)). LN duration 2â4 years (0.43 (0.19 to 0.97) vs <1 year) and 24-hour urine protein (0.63 (0.45 to 0.89)) were negative predictors of CRR. LN duration 2â4 years (0.45 (0.24 to 0.83) vs <1 year) negatively predicted PRR. The AUROCs of models for improvement, CRR and PRR were 0.56, 0.55 and 0.51 respectively. Conclusions: Baseline variables predicted 6-month outcomes in patients with SLE. While the modest performance of models emphasises the need for new biomarkers to advance this field, the factors identified can help identify those patients who may require novel treatment strategies
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Predictors of British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Analysis from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Inception Cohort
BackgroundWe aimed to identify factors associated with a significant reduction in SLE disease activity over 12 months assessed by the BILAG Index.MethodsIn an international SLE cohort, we studied patients from their 'inception enrolment' visit. We also defined an 'active disease' cohort of patients who had active disease similar to that needed for enrolment into clinical trials. Outcomes at 12 months were; Major Clinical Response (MCR: reduction to classic BILAG C in all domains, steroid dose of â€7.5 mg and SLEDAI †4) and 'Improvement' (reduction to â€1B score in previously active organs; no new BILAG A/B; stable or reduced steroid dose; no increase in SLEDAI). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and cross-validation in randomly split samples were used to build prediction models.Results'Inception enrolment' (n = 1492) and 'active disease' (n = 924) patients were studied. Models for MCR performed well (ROC AUC = .777 and .732 in the inception enrolment and active disease cohorts, respectively). Models for Improvement performed poorly (ROC AUC = .574 in the active disease cohort). MCR in both cohorts was associated with anti-malarial use and inversely associated with active disease at baseline (BILAG or SLEDAI) scores, BILAG haematological A/B scores, higher steroid dose and immunosuppressive use.ConclusionBaseline predictors of response in SLE can help identify patients in clinic who are less likely to respond to standard therapy. They are also important as stratification factors when designing clinical trials in order to better standardize overall usual care response rates
More is not always better: The impact of value coâcreation fit on B2B and B2C customer satisfaction
Organizations increasingly rely on customer involvement in the value creation process (i.e., co-creation) to enhance customer satisfaction and differentiate themselves from competitors. While past research has largely indicated that more co-creation is beneficial, some have suggested yet not empirically validated that excess co-creation may negatively impact customers. Applying the service-dominant logic, two studies (B2B and B2C customers) offer insight into the appropriate levels of the co-production and value-in-use dimensions of co-creation. For both B2B and B2C customers, polynomial regression and surface plot analyses indicate an inverted U-shaped relationship between value co-creation and satisfaction, establishing that more co-creation is beneficial only up to a point. As such, we inform managers of factors that can cause the relationship between co-creation and satisfaction to peak and then turn negative. Further, customer expertise and process enjoyment moderate this relationship for B2C (but not B2B) customers, thereby offering ways to mitigate the negative effects of excess co-creation for end-customers. The studies also highlight the importance of value co-creation âfitâ between the customer\u27s expected and experienced levels of co-creation. Interestingly, positive misfit (i.e., excess co-creation) retains a stronger negative influence on customer satisfaction than negative misfit (i.e., insufficient co-creation) for both B2B and B2C customers
Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study
Background Results from retrospective studies suggest that use of neuromuscular blocking agents during general
anaesthesia might be linked to postoperative pulmonary complications. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use
of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications.
Methods We did a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 211 hospitals in
28 European countries. We included patients (aged â„18 years) who received general anaesthesia for any in-hospital
procedure except cardiac surgery. Patient characteristics, surgical and anaesthetic details, and chart review at discharge
were prospectively collected over 2 weeks. Additionally, each patient underwent postoperative physical examination
within 3 days of surgery to check for adverse pulmonary events. The study outcome was the incidence of postoperative
pulmonary complications from the end of surgery up to postoperative day 28. Logistic regression analyses were
adjusted for surgical factors and patientsâ preoperative physical status, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and
adjusted absolute risk reduction (ARRadj). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01865513.
Findings Between June 16, 2014, and April 29, 2015, data from 22803 patients were collected. The use of neuromuscular
blocking agents was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who
had undergone general anaesthesia (1658 [7·6%] of 21694); ORadj 1·86, 95% CI 1·53â2·26; ARRadj â4·4%, 95% CI
â5·5 to â3·2). Only 2·3% of high-risk surgical patients and those with adverse respiratory profiles were anaesthetised
without neuromuscular blocking agents. The use of neuromuscular monitoring (ORadj 1·31, 95% CI 1·15â1·49;
ARRadj â2·6%, 95% CI â3·9 to â1·4) and the administration of reversal agents (1·23, 1·07â1·41; â1·9%, â3·2 to â0·7)
were not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Neither the choice of sugammadex
instead of neostigmine for reversal (ORadj 1·03, 95% CI 0·85â1·25; ARRadj â0·3%, 95% CI â2·4 to 1·5) nor extubation at
a train-of-four ratio of 0·9 or more (1·03, 0·82â1·31; â0·4%, â3·5 to 2·2) was associated with better pulmonary outcomes.
Interpretation We showed that the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in general anaesthesia is associated with an
increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetists must balance the potential benefits of
neuromuscular blockade against the increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications