The Increase of Operational Safety of Ships by Improving Diagnostic Methods for Marine Diesel Engine

This article shows the importance of the diagnostic improvement methods of marine engines to boost the economy and safety of operation of marine cargo ships. The need to implement effective diagnostic methods is justified by presenting statistical data of marine diesel engines failure and the cost of their operation. Based on the own research has been proven, for the chosen example, that indicator diagrams and analysis of indicated parameters have limited utility in the diagnosis of damages of marine engine, although this is a method commonly used in operational practice. To achieve greater diagnostic effectiveness, when, based on indicator diagrams, are calculated and then the characteristics of heat release is analyzed - net of heat release characteristics and the intensity of the heat release, it was demonstrated. This procedure is particularly effective in the diagnosis of damage of injection system components marine diesel engine

The Increase of Operational Safety of Ships by Improving Diagnostic Methods for Marine Diesel Engine

This article shows the importance of the diagnostic improvement methods of marine engines to boost the economy and safety of operation of marine cargo ships. The need to implement effective diagnostic methods is justified by presenting statistical data of marine diesel engines failure and the cost of their operation. Based on the own research has been proven, for the chosen example, that indicator diagrams and analysis of indicated parameters have limited utility in the diagnosis of damages of marine engine, although this is a method commonly used in operational practice. To achieve greater diagnostic effectiveness, when, based on indicator diagrams, are calculated and then the characteristics of heat release is analyzed - net of heat release characteristics and the intensity of the heat release, it was demonstrated. This procedure is particularly effective in the diagnosis of damage of injection system components marine diesel engine

Models of digitisation of organisational space in sport

This research presents the organisational model of digitisation of sport institutions as the element of development shifting towards digital models of sport business. Empirical research concerns: the level of saturation of information and communication technology (ICT) in sport institutions and media coverage of organizational space in sport as the element of media technology development. The research has been conducted in the theory of organisational space (Cieśliński, 2016, 2017) and has been financed with the use of two research-implementation grants and implementation one under the operational program Program Operacyjny Polska Cyfrowa (POPC)

Access to sport and recreation services for visually impaired and blind people - a case study of the city of Wrocław

Access to sports services is important for the physical development and functioning of blind and visually impaired people. Access to this type of activity also affects the rehabilitation of people with visual impairment and their daily functioning. Sport activity and participation in various forms of recreation is a very broad concept in physical culture. Understanding the form of physical activities that the visually impaired and blind people prefer can help educators, physical education teachers, and people associated with visually impaired and blind children in planning physical activities. It is important to understand the needs of such people regarding the sports environment and whether they are given active participation in it through infrastructure adapted to the needs of youth with sight disabilities. The aim of the study was to find out the opinions of blind and visually impaired students about the availability of sports and recreation services and equipment in their immediate surroundings. The subject of the study were boys and girls with low vision and blind attending the seventh and eighth grades of primary, secondary (technical and high school) schools at the Special Educational Center for Blind and Visually Impaired Children in Wrocław and among the graduates of that school. The subjects belonged to the age group in the range from 13 to 25 years. The study group included 32 boys and 21 girls. Based on the documentation, the blind group includes students with a significant degree of disability, vision defects. The visually impaired include persons with various moderate and mild eyesight injuries. The research used a survey method of my own authorship, which allowed to know the problem while maintaining anonymity. 26 questions related to min. interests of respondents, access to sports bases, sports sections for the blind and visually impaired. The obtained results showed that it is worth making young people aware of the importance of participation in broadly understood physical culture. Equal opportunities for boys and girls to engage in various types of sports should also be equalized. Not always sports that are preferred by young people are available to them

Applying Advanced ICT Technologies and Augmented Reality To Generate Future Events On The Example of Organisation and Education in Sports Methodological Assumptions

The article follows up on two research and implementation grants. One focused on the application of mobile ICT systems to improve communication efficiency within the structure of the AZS-AWF Wroc?aw sports club (e-AZS platform). The other was devoted to the application of the technology of augmented reality to prototype educational trainers as seen on the example of judo. The two projects are to result in the development of original software improving the systems of sports organisation and education. It is assumed that linearity of events means that present effects have their causes solely in events from the past. While this is true, we cannot reject a thesis whereby present events may also result from events located in the future. Weather forecast will never change the weather, but forecasts of stock market trends can and do influence current stock prices in a significant way (after [1]). Thus, one of the new paradigms we can put forward is the thesis saying that future events generated in the information field may be the cause of what is yet to happen. The authors adopt this new paradigm as they explore the areas of sports education and organisation focusing on the specific examples of the sports training process and the organisational system of sports clubs. Using advanced IT technologies, they have described and explained the methodological basis of the adopted paradigm in the form of a prototype trainer to be used in martial arts including judo and the e-ASZ platform, a tool used in the AZS-AWF Wroc?aw sports club to organise training activities.Hence, the paper describes the application of advanced information and communications technologies (ICT) to manage the organisational aspect of the sports club as well as augmented reality as a technology to create a new reality through augmenting its real (augmented reality), virtual (augmented virtuality) and medial (augmented mediality) aspects (research in 2013-2016 and 2015-2017 by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, supervised by dr hab. Wojciech B. Cieslinski prof. at AWF Wroclaw grant numbers: 0014/RS2/2013/52, and dr hab. Kazimierz Witkowski 0011/RS3/2015/53)

WORKLOADS OF YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

The purpose of this study is to present a comparison of the workload demonstrated by young soccer players during the phases of warm-up (WU), first half (FH) and second half (SH) of a league match. Eleven young Polish soccer players took part in this research, playing a league match after completing the WU. During the WU, FH and SH of the match the following variables were recorded: total distance run, maximal and average speed achieved during the runs, number of sprints, distances run in the different speed zones, durations of increased heart rate (HR) in specific ranges, and the maximal, mean and minimal HR. The variables were recorded by means of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The research showed that there were significant differences between the WU, FH and SH in the total distances run (F=30.107, p0.001), the average speed achieved during the runs (F=37.731, p0.001), the distances run at different speeds (p0.001), the duration of increased HR in specific zones, and HRmean (p=0.002) and HRmin (p0.001). Post hoc analysis confirmed that, for the majority of the analyzed parameters, the WU provided a smaller load for the body than did the FH or SH, the intensity of which in some part was higher than that encountered at the anaerobic threshold. In conclusion, it has been shown that the WU and the two halves of the match load the body to varying degrees, the former doing so to a lesser extent than FH or SH

Self-Identification of Polish Academic Economists with Schools of Economic Thought

The paper presents the results of a research conducted in 2014–2016, aimed at characterising the milieu of the Polish academic economists with respect to their self-identification with modern schools of economic thought. Using econometric modelling, the social variables determining the theoretical choices made by the economists themselves were identified. We found that the largest group of the Polish academic economists identifies themselves with new institutional economics. Nearly half of the respondents declared their association with heterodox approaches, while only about a quarter of the respondents showed association with economic orthodoxy. Such a structure of self-identification of the Polish academic economists with schools of economic thought distinguishes it from the ones in other European countries, such as Italy and Germany

Influence of fissuring and karstification of the carbonate aquifer unsaturated zone on its vulnerability to contamination (Cracow Upper Jurassic Region, Poland)

The carbonate fissure–karstic aquifer of Upper Jurassic age is the main aquifer in the Cracow Upper Jurassic Region (CUJR). The aquifer is recharged directly or indirectly by Quaternary or Quaternary–Cretaceous overburden of varying permeability, which predominates diffused recharge. Concentrated recharge occurs locally and has a diverse nature. Field studies carried out in 20 quarries show moderate permeability of the unsaturated zone of carbonate massif. Karst funnels are filled with rubble and clay material and dominate filled fissures with an opening b < 10 mm. The average surface fissure porosity of massive with chalky limestones and bedded limestones reach 0.12 and 0.45 %, respectively, while fissure permeability coefficient is, respectively, k S 6.60 × 10−5 and 1.27 × 10−3 m/s. The average karstification in quarries was determined as n k = 2.5 %. Tracer studies, carried out in an unconfined carbonate Zakrzówek horst in Cracow (Kraków), document vertical migration of infiltrating water through the systems with different hydraulic resistance, with a flow rate from 8.1 × 10−6 to 4.9 × 10−5 m/s and the lateral migration velocity between communicated caves from 6.94 × 10−6 to 1.06 × 10−4 m/s. The significant presence of poorly permeable overburden and moderate fissuring and karstification of rock in the unsaturated zone of CUJR are reflected in the assessment of the Upper Jurassic aquifer vulnerability to contamination, performed by a modified DRASTIC method. In the area of unconfined karst, occupying 55 % of the area, vulnerability to contamination is high, while as much as 45 % of the area is characterized by medium and low vulnerability

Possibility of obtaining diagnostic information about the ships engine fuel injection system condition based on the analysis of characteristics of heat release

Marine engines are very complex technical objects, having many important functional systems, which include, inter alia, injection system, characterized by high unreliability. In this system, there may be different types of defects (damage) that affect the engine parameters, including specific fuel consumption, as well as failures endanger the safety of the ship. The indicator diagrams and analysis of indicated parameters have limited utility in the diagnosis of damages of marine engine, although this is a method commonly used in operational practice. To achieve greater diagnostic effectiveness, when, based on indicator diagrams, are calculated and then the characteristics of heat release is analysed - net of heat release characteristics and the intensity of the heat release, it was demonstrated. This procedure is particularly effective in the diagnosis of damages of marine diesel engine injection system components. It has been shown that the characteristics of heat release contain information about the condition of the injection systems, which enable to diagnose their failures. This is shown on the example of a clogged nozzle holes (their carbonizations). The obtained results allowed selecting the diagnosis symptoms, useful in detecting these faults in the injection system, from the characteristics of heat release: net heat release (Q) and intensity of heat release (q). The object of the research was typical marine medium speed engine Sulzer A25/30