4,627 research outputs found
Assessing the Effectiveness of Farm Supply Cooperatives: A Comparison of Farmer and Manager Viewpoints
This paper reports the results of a survey of attitudes of commercial farmers and supply cooperative managers about agricultural supply cooperatives. Cooperative managers and farmers frequently made significantly different responses to questionnaire statements. With a few expectations, farm size and farmer age did not appear to influence perceptions about supply cooperatives. Whether a farmer was a cooperative member was important in some cases. Lower prices in lieu of easy credit and patronage refunds were found to be acceptable to farmers, but not at the expense of good service. Managers placed great importance on member loyalty to the supply cooperative without regard to price consideration.Agribusiness,
THE CONSEQUENCES OF AN OPEN FIELD BURNING BAN ON THE U.S. KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS SEED INDUSTRY
An econometric model of the U.S. Kentucky bluegrass seed industry in the Pacific Northwest is specified and estimated in order to evaluate the short and long run consequences of yield reductions associated with a ban on open field burning of grass residues. While results differ among regions, model simulations of short run effects of reduced yields attributed to the burning ban indicate price increases for grass seed ranging from 0 to 69 percent and long run effects indicate increased acreage of grass seed production due to producers responses to higher prices.Crop Production/Industries,
FREE WILL, DETERMINISM, LIBERTARIANISM AND AUSTRIAN ECONOMICS
Π ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ, ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π½Π°, Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π½Π°, ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ°, Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΡ. This paper makes the claim that the free will position is correct, that of determinism incorrect, and that libertarianism and Austrian economics are compatible with the former but not the latter
On the Nature of the Strong Emission-Line Galaxies in Cluster Cl 0024+1654: Are Some the Progenitors of Low Mass Spheroidals?
We present new size, line ratio, and velocity width measurements for six
strong emission-line galaxies in the galaxy cluster, Cl 0024+1654, at redshift
z~0.4. The velocity widths from Keck spectra are all narrow (30<sigma<120
km/s), with three profiles showing double peaks. Four galaxies have low masses
(M<10^{10} Mo). Whereas three galaxies were previously reported to be possible
AGNs, none exhibit AGN-like emission line ratios or velocity widths. Two or
three appear as very blue spirals with the remainder more akin to luminous H-II
galaxies undergoing a strong burst of star formation. We propose that after the
burst subsides, these galaxies will transform into quiescent dwarfs, and are
thus progenitors of some cluster spheroidals (We adopt the nomenclature
suggested by Kormendy & Bender (1994), i.e., low-density, dwarf ellipsoidal
galaxies like NGC 205 are called `spheroidals' instead of `dwarf ellipticals')
seen today.Comment: 14 pages + 2 figures + 1 table, LaTeX, Acc. for publ. in ApJL also
available at http://www.ucolick.org/~deep/papers/papers.htm
Comment on "Zeeman-Driven Lifshitz Transition: A Model for the Experimentally Observed Fermi-Surface Reconstruction in YbRh2Si2"
In Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 137002 (2011), A. Hackl and M. Vojta have proposed
to explain the quantum critical behavior of YbRh2Si2 in terms of a
Zeeman-induced Lifshitz transition of an electronic band whose width is about 6
orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional metals. Here, we note
that the ultra-narrowness of the proposed band, as well as the proposed
scenario per se, lead to properties which are qualitatively inconsistent with
the salient features observed in YbRh2Si2 near its quantum critical point.Comment: 3 page
ΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠ§ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠ’Π Π ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π’Π ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠ’ ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π’ΠΠ§ΠΠ: ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ
In the physical sciences, it goes without saying that all practitioners use words in the same manner. A mere verbal dispute would be anathema in this arena of intellectual discourse. There is no dispute, , as to the means of words such as βgravity,β βmass,β βgenus,β βspecies,β βoxygen,β βx-ray,β etc. Matters are not as salutary in the social sciences. The present paper is an attempt to place economics, the queen of the social sciences, on a par with physics, chemistry, biology, etc., or at least to make an attempt in this direction. Systematic knowledge, the sine qua non of science, requires good communication. But this, in turn, can only be achieved, if its necessary condition is attained: precise definitions. In the present paper, we discuss in this regard the microeconomic concepts of entrepreneurship, monopoly, derps, indifference, development and rent seeking. ΠΡΠΌΠ° Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π° Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°Π²Π°, ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π·Π²Π°Ρ Π΄ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ½. Π§ΠΈΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡ Π±ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠ» Π°Π½Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΌΠ° ΡΠΏΠΎΡ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎ "Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ", "ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°", "ΡΠΎΠ΄", "Π²ΠΈΠ΄", "ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄", "ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π»ΡΡΠΈ" ΠΈ Ρ.Π½. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π° Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° Π½ΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°, Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡΠ°, Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ.Π½., ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠΏΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΊΠ²Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΏΡΠ»Π½ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅: ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠ°, Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ», Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ²Π°Π½Π΅ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π½
Dependence of the electric field gradient of Ir in Fe on the direction of magnetization with respect to the crystallographic axes
Influence of local surface albedo variability and ice crystal shape on passive remote sensing of thin cirrus
Airborne measurements of solar spectral radiance reflected by cirrus are
performed with the HALO-Solar Radiation (HALO-SR) instrument onboard the High
Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) in November 2010. The data
are used to quantify the influence of surface albedo variability on the
retrieval of cirrus optical thickness and crystal effective radius. The
applied retrieval of cirrus optical properties is based on a standard two-wavelength approach utilizing measured and simulated reflected radiance in
the visible and near-infrared spectral region. Frequency distributions of the
surface albedos from Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
satellite observations are used to compile surface-albedo-dependent lookup
tables of reflected radiance. For each assumed surface albedo the cirrus
optical thickness and effective crystal radius are retrieved as a function of
the assumed surface albedo. The results for the cirrus optical thickness are
compared to measurements from the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL). The
uncertainty in cirrus optical thickness due to local variability of surface
albedo in the specific case study investigated here is below 0.1 and thus
less than that caused by the measurement uncertainty of both instruments. It
is concluded that for the retrieval of cirrus optical thickness the surface
albedo variability is negligible. However, for the retrieval of crystal effective
radius, the surface albedo variability is of major importance,
introducing uncertainties up to 50%. Furthermore, the influence of the
bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) on the retrieval of
crystal effective radius was investigated and quantified with uncertainties
below 10%, which ranges below the uncertainty caused by the surface albedo
variability. The comparison with the independent lidar data allowed for
investigation of the role of the crystal shape in the retrieval. It is found that
if assuming aggregate ice crystals, the HSRL observations fit best with the
retrieved optical thickness from HALO-SR
190Pt-186Os geochronometer reveals open system behaviour of 190Pt-4He isotope system
Platinum Group Minerals are typically dated using the 187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os isotope systems and more recently using the 190Pt-4He geochronometer. The 187Re-187Os and 190Pt-186Os compositions of Pt-alloys from the Kondyor Zoned Ultramafic Complex (ZUC) analysed here reveal overprinting for both geochronometers except in one alloy exhibiting the most unradiogenic 187Os/188Os and most radiogenic 186Os/188Os signatures. These signatures argue for an Early Triassic mineralisation, when silicate melts/fluids derived from the partial melting of an Archean mantle crystallised to form the Kondyor ZUC while the 190Pt-4He chronometer supports an Early Cretaceous mineralisation. We propose that Kondyor ZUC represents the root of an alkaline picritic volcano that constitutes the remnants of an Early Triassic island arc formed during the subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk ocean seafloor under the Siberia craton. After the Early Cretaceous collision of Siberia with the Mongolia-North China continent, the exhumation of deep-seated structures - such as the Kondyor ZUC - allowed these massifs to cool down below the closure temperatures of the Pt-He and K-Ar, Rb-Sr isotope systems, explaining their Early to Late Cretaceous ages for the Kondyor ZUC
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