Characteristics of magnetosheath plasma observed at low altitudes in the dayside magnetospheric cusps

Magnetosheath plasma penetrating to low altitudes in the dayside cusp region of the magnetosphere has been observed by the ISIS 1 soft particle spectrometer (SPS). The extent of these particle fluxes in local magnetic time and invariant latitude, their variation with magnetic activity, and their pitch angle distribution are given. Comparison between the SPS data and energetic particle data indicates that the boundary between open and closed field lines on the dayside is associated with a sharp drop in the outer zone keV electron fluxes. It is shown that these newly identified cusp fluxes provide the necessary energy to produce observed dayside auroral oval phenomena

MTV: Chris McCarthy

https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/mclp/1019/thumbnail.jp

Partners in the Gospel: A Study in Dual and Multi-parish Ministry

Problem: Since it has not been researched how the members of Grace Lutheran Church of Uniontown (MO) and Zion Lutheran Church of Longtown (MO) understand and value their partnership in the Grace-Zion Joint Lutheran Parish, this project seeks to gain increasing clarity as to the vision Grace and Zion Lutheran Churches have of themselves, and of the partnership they share. This study employed both questionnaire and focus groups to gather both quantitative and qualitative data in this dual parish or multiple parish about the perception participants have of their own congregation, as well as the partnership they share

An Analysis of Functional Behavioral Assessments Used in Public Schools in Tennessee and Georgia.

The purpose of this study was to survey special education supervisors in public school systems throughout Tennessee and Georgia to determine the types of Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) procedures used and training provided to assessment personnel in their school systems. The primary focus of the study was on who conducts assessments, differences between the amount of training and support provided by school districts, and the use of best practices in conducting these assessments. Surveys were mailed to 317 supervisors, 108 in Tennessee, and 123 in Georgia. These supervisors were asked to respond to questions concerning assessments in their respective school systems. One hundred eight (78.8%) supervisors from Tennessee and 123 (68.3%) from Georgia responded. This resulted in a return rate of 72.8%. The size of the school systems represented in the study ranged from 200 students to 114,000 students. Frequency tables were used to present demographic data about the school systems. Six research questions formed the basis of the analysis. The first four questions were addressed using crosstabulation procedures, while t-tests for independent means were used to address research questions five and six. The results of the study indicate that 72.4% of the school systems involved in the study had procedures in place to conduct FBAs. Most training for assessment personnel is conducted at the school system level and special education teachers are the most targeted group for this training. The research found that there was no statistically significant difference in the length of training provided assessment personnel and the use of best practices in conducting FBAs. However, there were differences between the two states in the use of best practices in conducting FBA based training and support

Putnam County, Tennessee’s Prekindergarten Program as Measured by Test Scores, GPA, Attendance, and Discipline Reports in 3rd, 7th, and 9th Grade

The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine if there is a significant difference in the academic and behavioral performance of students who had attended Putnam County’s prekindergarten program and students who qualified for, but had not attended Putnam County’s prekindergarten program. The researcher examined individual student data of specific students in three grade bands (elementary, middle, and high school). The grade levels included 3rd grade, 7th grade, and 9th grade. The data analyzed were students’ individual GPA, ACT Explore scores, MAP Universal Screener scores, number of days absent, and number of discipline referrals of students who had attended Putnam County’s prekindergarten program and students who qualified for Putnam County’s prekindergarten program, but had not attended. The population of this study consisted of 1,118 students in Putnam County, Tennessee. The researcher used end-of-year GPA, ACT Explore scores, fall and spring MAP universal screener scores in Math and Reading, absenteeism rates as defined by total number of days missed out of 180 instructional days, and end-of-year discipline referral rates. The researcher gathered this data from various resources such as individual student reports (MAP scores) and PowerSchool, which is Putnam County’s Student Information System. The data was then analyzed using a series of independent sample t-tests. Significant differences were found in all grade levels in GPA, MAP Reading, and MAP Math scores with students who had attended prekindergarten in Putnam County performing better than those who qualified for prekindergarten but had not attended. Significant differences were also found in 9th grade ACT Explore scores with students who had attended prekindergarten in Putnam County performing better than those who qualified for but had not attended. In regard to days absent and discipline reports, the only significant findings were found in 3rd grade with students who had attended prekindergarten in Putnam county missing fewer days than those who had not attended. This study concluded with recommendations that further specified focus should be applied to state-funded prekindergarten programs

Characterization of Intercalated Graphite Fibers for Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Applications

Research was accomplished to characterize the electrical and physical characteristic changes of the Thornel® P-100 carbon fiber and five variants when intercalated with 96% sulfuric acid and incorporated the use of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) structures for testing purposes. The five fiber variants were oxidized in 1 M nitric acid at 0.5 A for 30 seconds, 1 and 2 minutes, the last two samples were detreated at 1150 °C for one hour prior to the nitric acid treatment. The fibers were mounted onto a MEMS die, placed into a chip carrier, sulfuric acid added, the chip carrier sealed and testing accomplished. This thesis explains the approach and methods that were completed to mount carbon fibers. We have designed MEMS structures with an inset trench that 10 μm carbon fibers can be mounted into for testing. Which reduced the amount of coverage required to bind the fiber in place. The original and five anodically oxidized fibers were inspected with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), studied with Raman spectroscopy, and small signal responses were measured from 20Hz to 1 MHz

Clinical Characteristics of Active Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability

Ankle sprains, specifically to the lateral ligament complex, are one of the most common injuries seen during athletic participation and may lead to chronic ankle instability (CAI).1 Residual symptoms of CAI can include feelings of giving way and instability as well as, persistent weakness, pain during activity, and self-reported disability, which may affect postural control and functional performance.2 The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a relationship between perceived kinesiophobia and dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM), measures of dynamic postural control, and measures of functional performance, within active individuals with CAI. Thirty-seven physically active individuals with self-reported CAI, filled out the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia 11 (TSK-11), and the NASA Physical Activity Scale (NASA-PAS). Of those, five qualified as having CAI based on the 5th International Ankle Consortium guidelines for CAI classification1 and completed one test session lasting approximately 45 minutes that included basic demographic data, leg length measurements, DROM, three directions of the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), triple crossover hop test, and figure 8 hop test.Means and standard deviations were calculated and reported for all measures. Due to small sample size, only observational analysis could be performed between perceived kinesiophobia and dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM), measures of dynamic postural control, and measures of functional performance. Although only five participants classified as CAI, 36 of 37 participants reported some degree of kinesiophobia. Therefore we chose to examine the inclusionary questionnaires, and how they relate to our measure of kinesiophobia (TSK-11) and the number of reported ankle sprains. Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine these relationships. Based on observational analysis there may be trends between kinesiophobia and DROM, and figure-8 hop test time. A strong positive relationship between the FAAM activities of daily living (FAAM-ADL) and FAAM-Sport subscales (r = 0.815, p ˂ 0.001), a moderate negative relationship between the FAAM-ADL subscale and TSK-11 scores (r = -0.509, p=0.001), and a moderate negative relationship between the FAAM-Sport subscale and TSK-11 scores (r= -0.599, p ˂ 0.001) were shown. There was also a moderate negative relationship between number of sprains and both the FAAM-ADL (r= -0.436, p= 0.007) and FAAM-Sport (r= -0.464, p=0.004) subscales. The current study showed potential trends between kinesiophobia and DROM, as well as functional performance specific to agility. Measures of functional performance and DROM in the current study when wearing ankle braces did not appear similar to previously published data. The TSK-11 was only moderately correlated to the FAAM. Therefore, perceived kinesiophobia may be independent of self-reported disability, and should be accounted for within the CAI population. Future research should further investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia and measures of dynamic postural control and functional performance

The cyclotron energization through auroral wave experiments (CENTAUR 2B)

The CENTAUR 2B mission, a dual payload program, is in many aspects the same as the previous missions from Cape Perry and Norway in 1985. It was planned that these payloads would be launched from Andoya, Norway, Nov. 1989 from the Universal II launcher. The payloads are identical, but would have been launched at different azimuths as far north and as far west as possible. Particle experiments include the angular resolving energy analyzer (AREA), the fast ion mass spectrometer (FIMS), the spectrographic particle images (SPI), and finally, the differential ion flux probe (DIFP). SwRI was responsible for the scientific payload, which includes the power supplies, the power supply interfacing, the manipulating of the data from the instruments to format it for the telemetry system, all mechanical structure and restraint mechanisms, and the payload subskin. The status of the various components of this program is given

Polar plasmas as observed by Dynamics Explorers 1 and 2

Plasma measurements from the Dynamics Explorer 1 and 2 satellites were used to characterize the polar cap environment. Analysis of numerous polar-cap passes indicate that, in general, three major regimes of plasma exist: (1) polar rain--electrons with magnetosheath-like energy spectra but much lower densities, most intense near the cusp and weakening toward the central polar cap; (2) polar wind--low energy upward flowing ions with both field-aligned and conical distributions; and (3) acceleration events--sporadic events consistent with the acceleration of electrons and positive ions by parallel electric fields. (1) to (3) were observed at high altitudes by Dynamics Explorer 1, while (1) and (3) were also observed at low altitudes by Dynamics Explorer 2. The plasma parameters associated with these plasma regimes are presented and discussed in terms of source and acceleration mechanisms