Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Pengusahaan Minyak Kayu Putih Tradisional Di Taman Nasional Wasur, Papua

Dalam tulisan ini disajikan hasil analisis aspek finansial pengolahan minyak kayu putih (MKP) secara tradisional di Taman Nasional (TN) Wasur, Papua. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam dengan penyuling MKP. Penilaian terhadap kelayakan finansial USAha MKP menggunakan ukuran yaitu: NPV, IRR, BCR, dan sensitivitas. Analisis dilakukan dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun dengan suku bunga 10%, dilakukan pada 2 (dua) kasus: pengusahaan oleh penduduk asli dan pengusahaan oleh pendatang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengolahan oleh penduduk asli nilai NPV adalah Rp 258.686.275 dan BCR: 1,72. Sedangkan nilai NPV dan BCR pada pengolahan MKP oleh pendatang berturut-turut adalah Rp. 56.947.848 dan 1,1. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan minyak kayu putih secara tradisional pada kedua sistem pengolahan layak secara finansial

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF CROP OF PRODUCING CAJUPUT OIL IN WASUR NATIONAL PARK

The utilization of cajaput tree species for cajuput oil production in the Wasur National Park (NP) should be supported by accurate data and information. It becomes important because uncontrolled exploitation can lead to disruption of the national park function. This study aims to determine the spatial distribution of three cajuput tree species, i.e Asteromyrtus symphyocarpa, Melaleuca cajuputi and Melalueca viridiflora existed in Wasur NP region. The results of this study showed that, in general, the distribution of those three cajuput oil species mostly in Yanggandur area. They are mainly concentrated around the Yanggandur village, Mbembi village, Wasur village and Sota village. Those species were mostly found around wamps, especially in the Sermayam, Rawa Buaya and Rawa Biru. The total area of those three species was 103,011.75 ha, which was dominated by A.symphyocarpa (8.30% of the total area of the NP), followed by M.cajuputi (8.27% of the total area of the NP) and M.viridiflora (7.03% of the total area of the NP). In general, A. symphyocarpa dominantly grow on type of Kambisol soil, where as M.cajuputi and M.viridi flora dominantly grow on soils type of Kambisol and Gleysol

The Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Agroforestry Teak (Tectona Grandis) and Polynesian Arrowroot (Tacca Leontopetaloides)

Teak and polynesian arrowroot is a new pattern of agroforestry to support food security of communities around forests in coastal areas. The presence of polynesian arrowroot under teak stands is not only expected to be food sources but also to provide ecological benefits for biodiversity, especially soil macrofauna. The study aims is to determine the diversity of soil macrofauna in teak and polynesia arrowroot agroforestry patterns. The study was conducted in Garut Regency in April 2017. The method used in this study was monolithic technique and analyzed by calculating diversity and richness index. The object was an agroforestry demonstration plot with three polynesia arrowroot spacings under 7-years-old teak stand and monoculture teak. The results showed that there were 5 soil macrofaunas in teak and polynesian arrowroot agroforestry which are from five families and five orders. The dominance order was coleoptera with Important Value Index (IVI) = 133.93% -157.78% and opisthophora with IVI = 103.51%. The diversity and richness of soil macrofauna in teak and polynesian arrowroot agroforestry patterns is low (H '= 0.28-0.55; R' = 0.87-1.48). Although agroforestry cultivation is carried out intensively, there is no difference in the diversity of soil macrofauna when compared to teak monoculture

Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Teak (Tectona Grandis) and Kimpul (Xanthosoma Sangittifolium) Agroforestry

Soil macrofauna has an important role in the ecosystems and soil fertility. Agroforestry patterns have environmental benefits such as providing living space for biodiversity including soil macrofauna. This study aims to measure the influence of teak and kimpul agroforestry on the diversity of soil macrofauna. The study was conducted on teak and kimpul agroforestry demonstration plots in the KPH Yogyakarta in January 2019. The research method used was monolith and hand sorting techniques and the analysis was carried out descriptively using the species diversity index approach. The results showed that teak and kimpul agroforestry patterns did not affect on the diversity of species and density of soil macrofauna. The level of diversity of soil macrofauna in teak and kimpul agroforestry, teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture are low. The value of soil macrofauna diversity in teak and kimpul agroforests is higher than teak monoculture and kimpul monoculture. A total of five types of soil macrofauna were found in 12-year teak agroforestry, six types in 42-year teak agroforestry, five types in 12-year teak monoculture, eight types in 42-year teak monoculture and five types in kimpul monoculture. The dominant soil macrofauna are Microtermes sp. and Anomala sp

Aktivitas Antifungi Ekstrak Akar Mahoni terhadap Isolat Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. Penyebab Mati Pucuk pada Bibit Jabon (Antifungal Activity of Mahogany Root Extracts against Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. Isolate Causing Dieback on Jabon Seedling)

Dieback on jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.) seedling caused by fungi Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. decreased seedling’s quality and nurseries economic benefits. The control of dieback pathogen on jabon seedling used biofungicide from plant extract have not been studied intensively nowadays. Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) is one of the promising medicinal plants in Indonesia but its utilization as a biofungicide specially for controlling the dieback on jabon seedling has not been reported. This research aimed to examine the antifungal activities of mahogany root extracts against B.theobromae isolate causing dieback on jabon seedling in vitro. The poisoned food technique was used in assay of the antifungal activities of mahogany root extract. The result showed that mahogany root extract has antifungal activities against B.theobromae with the highest efective growth inhibition was the metanol solvent on 50% concentration level. Microscopical examination showed the inhibition of mycelium growth was caused by the changes on hyphae morphology and growth direction which were beads formation and curling.Keywords: antifungal, Botryodiplodia theobromae, jabon, mahogany roo

Influence of Culture Medium and Mahogany Seed Extract on The Growth of Botryodiplodia sp. Isolate Causing Dieback on Jabon Seedling PENGARUH MEDIA KULTUR DAN EKSTRAK BIJI MAHONI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN ISOLAT Botryodiplodia sp. PENYEBAB MATI PUCUK

Dieback on jabon seedling caused by fungi Botryodiplodia sp. decreased seedlings’ quality and nurseries economic benefits. Less studies on the control of dieback pathogen on jabon seedling used biofungicide from plant extract have been reported nowadays. Mahogany is one of the promising medicinal plants in Indonesia and has potential as an biofungicide. This research aimed to estimate the growth of Botryodiplodia sp. isolate on some culture medium and inhibitation by mahogany seed extract. The poisoned food technique was used to test the efficacy of mahogany seed extract on the isolate growth. The result showed that potatoes sucrose and potatoes dextrose medium most suitable for mycelium growth of the Botryodiplodia sp. isolate. The mahogany seed hot water extract inhibited the growth of Botryodiplodia sp. isolate with the highest growth inhibition was 41.85-59.90% at 50% extract. Microscopical examinaton showed the inhibition of mycelium growth was caused by the changes on hyphae morphology and growth direction which were shrinking and curling due to the cell wall degradation.Keywords : Botryodiplodia sp., inhibitation, mahogany seed extract, medium

The Diversity and Utilization of Weeds in Sengon (Falcataria Moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.) Grimes) Agroforestry and Monoculture Pattern

Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is a superior commodity of private forests in Java island. However, its management faces a gall rust attack. In addition, another challenge is the presence of weed disturbance which can reduce plant growth productivity. This study aims to measure the diversity and utilization of weed species in the agroforestry and sengon monoculture demonstration plots. The research method used was the method of vegetation analysis of understorey and interviews. Data analysis was performed descriptively using the importance species index, species diversity index and species similarity index.The results showed that both cropping patterns produced the same level of diversity and species richness despite differences in species density and presence. A total of 29 species of weeds were found in the agroforestry pattern and 27 types in the monoculture pattern.. Weed species diversity in agroforestry and monoculture patterns is classified as moderate with Shannon-Wienner species diversity index (H ') values of 2.47 and 2.66 respectively. Likewise, the level of species richness both pattern is classified as moderate with Margalef Richness Index (R') value of 3.89 in monoculture and 4.23 in agroforestry. The level of species similarity between the two cropping pattern according to the Bray-Curtis Index is 0.66. The density of weeds in the monoculture pattern is higher (66.00 individuals / m2) than the agroforestry pattern (62.25 individuals / m2). Most of the weeds (67.65%) are used by people around the forest as animal feed (18 species), foodstuffs (4 species) and traditional medicine (4 species). The many species of weeds that can be utilized by the community shows that sengon forests can support food security, so that the weed control techniques recommended are manual techniques with simple tools and spatial management with F. moluccana plants

Diversity of Soil Macrofauna on Several Land Use on Peatlands

Peatlands are very vulnerable to land use change. Some of the current peatland cover conditions include agricultural cultivation lands, plantations, shrubs and secondary forest. The presence of soil macrofauna as a soil ecosystem engineer can be a bio-indicator of peatland fertility. This study aims to analyze the diversity of soil macrofauna in several patterns of peat land use in cultivated areas. The research was conducted in December 2017 in Rasau Jaya District, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan Province. The research method used is monolithic technique with descriptive data analysis using the alpha and beta diversity index approach. The results showed that the diversity and diversity of macrofauna species on peatlands were classified as medium and low, with the highest diversity found in secondary forest patterns (H '= 2.09) and the lowest in oil palm plantations (H' = 0.73), while species richness was found. The highest was found in secondary forest (R '= 4.01) and the lowest was in oil palm plantations (R' = 1.42). The highest population density and abundance were the order Isoptera and Opisthopora, while the lowest is Dermaptera. Several groups of macrofauna which are used as bioindicators of land fertility are found in all land use patterns with the dominan order is Isoptera and Opisthopora. Soil temperature and acidity conditions affect soil macrofauna population density. The presence of diverse vegetation and adequate canopy can affect environmental conditions and the diversity of soil macrofauna. Based on the diversity of soil macrofauna, cultivation with an agroforestry pattern is preferable to peatlands

The Attack Intensity and Pest Control of Urostylis SP. on Manglid Agroforestry (Magnolia Champaca (L.) Baillon Ex Pierre

Development of manglid private forests is experiencing challenges with sucking insects attack of Urostylissp. which inhibits the growth of manglid until death. This study aims to identify the attack percentage and attack intensity of the sucking insects on monoculture, manglid agroforestry, and control efforts. The methods used were exploration and experiment. The results showed that the attack percentage of Urostylis sp. on monoculture and agroforestry patterns were 59% and 53% respectively. Attack intensity of Urostylis sp. on monoculture and agroforestry pattern were 55% and 31% respectively. Pests control using a biological insecticide of 1 g/l Bacillus thuringiensiseffectively caused mortality up to 95% while the botanical insecticide using 5 ml/l Azadirachtin was more effective as a repellant. Pest control of Urostylis sp. using 1 g/l B. thuringiensis can be done during the early dry season