TPL-2 restricts Ccl24-dependent immunity to Heligmosomoides polygyrus

Funding: This work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001220), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001220), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001200). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Acknowledgments We are indebted to The Francis Crick Institute Flow Cytometry facility, and in particular Bhavik Patel, Graham Preece, Wayne Turnbull and Phil Hobson. We would also like to thank The Francis Crick Institute Procedural Service Section for production of GA lines and Biological Services, especially Trisha Norton, Keith Williams and Adebambo Adekoya for animal husbandry and technical support; to Riccardo Guidi for constructive discussions and technical assistance. We would like to thank Gitta Stockinger and AhR Immunity Laboratory for providing technical support and reagents throughout this study. We also thank Richard Rance and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute’s 454 pyrosequencing team for generating 16S rRNA gene data.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Nighttime chemistry at a high altitude site above Hong Kong

Nighttime reactions of nitrogen oxides influence ozone, volatile organic compounds, and aerosol and are thus important to the understanding of regional air quality. Despite large emissions and rapid recent growth of nitrogen oxide concentrations, there are few studies of nighttime chemistry in China. Here we present measurements of nighttime nitrogen oxides, NO3 and N2O5, from a coastal mountaintop site in Hong Kong adjacent to the megacities of the Pearl River Delta region. This is the first study of nighttime chemistry from a site within the residual layer in China. Key findings include the following. First, highly concentrated urban NOx outflow from the Pearl River Delta region was sampled infrequently at night, with N2O5 mixing ratios up to 8 ppbv (1 min average) or 12 ppbv (1 s average) in nighttime aged air masses. Second, the average N2O5 uptake coefficient was determined from a best fit to the available steady state lifetime data as γ(N2O5) = 0.014 ± 0.007. Although this determination is uncertain due to the difficulty of separating N2O5 losses from those of NO3, this value is in the range of previous residual layer determinations of N2O5 uptake coefficients in polluted air in North America. Third, there was a significant contribution of biogenic hydrocarbons to NO3 loss inferred from canister samples taken during daytime. Finally, daytime N2O5 mixing ratios were in accord with their predicted photochemical steady state. Heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 in fog is determined to be an important production mechanism for soluble nitrate, even during daytime. Key Points Large (up to 12 ppbv N2O5) but infrequent nocturnal NOx outflow from the Pearl River Delta Average N2O5 uptake coefficients 0.014 ± 0.007, in line with residual layer measurements in the U.S. Daytime N2O5 follows predicted steady state but rapidly produces soluble nitrate in fog.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineerin

Defining the Williamson\u27s Plantation: Huck\u27s Defeat Battlefield

This report presents the results of historical and archaeological research to define the Revolutionary War battle of Williamson’s Plantation (Huck’s Defeat), located in York County, South Carolina. Analysis of historic documents, metal detector survey, and archaeological excavations at Historic Brattonsville revealed the location of the battlefield (site 38YK564) although there appears to be very little archaeological remains associated with the Williamson plantation house. Survey surrounding the site indicates that site 38YK564 is the only remaining remnant of the battlefield

Secondary Legal Sources: A Selected Subject Bibliography of Treatises, Looseleaf Services and Form Books Fourth Edition

The fourth edition of this bibliography is a subject arrangement of selected English language treatises, looseleaf services and form books. Most all of the works listed were published in this country and all are in the collection of this law library. Our object in revising this bibliography has been to present to the law students of The University of Michigan a reasonably thorough listing of useful and current secondary sources covering dorr1estic and international Jaw. The inclusion of a work in this bibliography does not mean that the Law Library is endorsing either the author\u27s style or the substance of his work. It does mean that we believe the work to be useful in the research of our patrons. While this bibliography is by no means exhaustive in its coverage of secondary sources on any subject, it does identify most of the major works in a given area. Thus, it can best be used as a starting point for legal research. It is not, however, a substitute for the card catalog which must be consulted during any serious research effort. In selecting titles for inclusion in the bibliography and in removing titles that had been in the third Edition, we have been guided by a consideration of the currency of the material. The materials listed deal with the law in its current state. Other than indirectly, this bibliography is not designed to support retrospective research. We have indicated by use of the term current those treatises which have been kept up to date by some sort of supplementation. Obviously, depending upon the subject, texts become dated at widely different intervals. Therefore, in including or deleting titles, we have looked to changes in the law, as well as to the date of publication. We have made only one major \u27\u27structural change in this edition of the bibliography. We have taken the former subject headings civil procedure and practice and procedure and combined them in a new heading civil practice and procedure . We think that this will make it easier to find the full range of material on this subject. A final word on the content of the bibliography is in order. As in past editions, we have attempted to exclude works which are more polemical than expository. We have also excluded casebooks and popular works on the law which, while possibly helpful to laymen, would be of limited use to the law student. We have, again, not included books concerned with law reform, criticism of legal institutions or the social science aspects of law, except for those dealing with the sociology of law. Nor have we included works dealing with the law of\u27 a single region or state. Finally, we have not included reference works, such as general form books and encyclopedias, which cover a vast expanse of legal knowledge. On the other hand, listed books that deal with more than one subject are placed under all appropriate subject headings This bibliography is current as of July 1, 1980. Finally, much thanks is due to Phyllis Rosenstock for her patience, endurance, skill and good humor in typing this bibliography

Observations of nitryl chloride and modeling its source and effect on ozone in the planetary boundary layer of southern China

Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) plays potentially important roles in atmospheric chemistry, but its abundance and effect are not fully understood due to the small number of ambient observations of ClNO2 to date. In late autumn 2013, ClNO2 was measured with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) at a mountain top (957 m above sea level) in Hong Kong. During 12 nights with continuous CIMS data, elevated mixing ratios of ClNO2 (>400 parts per trillion by volume) or its precursor N2O5 (>1000 pptv) were observed on six nights, with the highest ever reported ClNO2 (4.7 ppbv, 1 min average) and N2O5 (7.7 ppbv, 1 min average) in one case. Backward particle dispersion calculations driven by winds simulated with a mesoscale meteorological model show that the ClNO2/N2O5-laden air at the high-elevation site was due to transport of urban/industrial pollution north of the site. The highest ClNO2/N2O5 case was observed in a later period of the night and was characterized with extensively processed air and with the presence of nonoceanic chloride. A chemical box model with detailed chlorine chemistry was used to assess the possible impact of the ClNO2 in the well-processed regional plume on next day ozone, as the air mass continued to downwind locations. The results show that the ClNO2 could enhance ozone by 5-16% at the ozone peak or 11-41% daytime ozone production in the following day. This study highlights varying importance of the ClNO2 chemistry in polluted environments and the need to consider this process in photochemical models for prediction of ground-level ozone and haze. Key Points First observation of ClNO2 in the planetary boundary layer of China Combined high-resolution meteorological and measurement-constrained chemical models in data analysis ClNO2 enhances daytime ozone peak by 5-16% in well-processed PRD air.Department of Civil and Environmental Engineerin

Accretion onto the Supermassive Black Hole in M87

Chandra X-ray observations of the giant elliptical galaxy M87 resolve the thermal state of the hot interstellar medium into the accretion (Bondi) radius of its central 3 10^9 Msun black hole. We measure the X-ray gas temperature and density profiles and calculate the Bondi accretion rate, Mdot_Bondi \sim 0.1 Msun/yr. The X-ray luminosity of the active nucleus of M87 observed with Chandra is L_{x, 0.5-7 \keV} \sim 7 \times 10^{40}erg/s. This value is much less than the predicted nuclear luminosity, L_{Bondi} \sim 5 \times 10^{44} erg/s, for accretion at the Bondi rate with a canonical accretion radiative efficiency of 10%. If the black hole in M87 accretes at this rate it must do so at a much lower radiative efficiency than the canonical value. The multiwavelength spectrum of the nucleus is consistent with that predicted by an advection-dominated flow. However, as is likely, the X-ray nucleus is dominated by jet emission then the properties of flow must be modified, possibly by outflows. We show that the overall energetics of the system are just consistent with the predicted Bondi nuclear power. This suggests that either most of the accretion energy is released in the relativistic jet or that the central engine of M87 undergoes on-off activity cycles. We show that, at present, the energy dumped into the ISM by the jet may reduce the accretion rate onto the black hole by a factor \propto (v_j/c_s)^{-2}, where v_j is the jet velocity and c_s the ISM sound speed, and that this is sufficient to account for the low nuclear luminosity.Comment: emulateapj.sty, revised version, accepted by Ap

Richard Nelson Perham. 27 April 1937—14 February 2015

Richard Nelson Perham, FRS, FMedSci, FRSA, was a British professor of structural biochemistry. He undertook his academic career at the University of Cambridge, holding positions as lecturer, reader, chair and head of the Department of Biochemistry, as well as becoming Master of St John's College. Perham published close to 300 scientific papers on protein structure and function, with a focus on mechanistic enzymology, particularly how large multienzyme complexes and flavin-containing enzymes work. He is most renowned for determining how reactive intermediates are transferred between enzyme active sites, for alterations of coenzyme and substrate specificity by his pioneering use of protein engineering and for developing protein display methodologies. Married to Nancy Lane-Perham, and with their two children, Perham enjoyed a full and active life in Cambridge and St John's College. He was a keen participator and supporter of sport and enjoyed art, literature, theatre and music. Perham was a vocal and active champion of equal opportunity in education. His legacy to science is a greater understanding of how enzymes work. His legacy to scientists is as a role model of how to attain the highest levels of achievement while maintaining a sense of personal modesty and a keen support for others

Seamless Bead to Microarray Screening: Rapid Identification of the Highest Affinity Protein Ligands from Large Combinatorial Libraries

SummarySeveral approaches have been developed for screening combinatorial libraries or collections of synthetic molecules for agonists or antagonists of protein function, each with its own advantages and limitations. In this report, we describe an experimental platform that seamlessly couples massively parallel bead-based screening of one-bead one-compound combinatorial libraries with microarray-based quantitative comparisons of the binding affinities of the many hits isolated from the bead library. Combined with other technical improvements, this technique allows the rapid identification of the best protein ligands in combinatorial libraries containing millions of compounds without the need for labor-intensive resynthesis of the hits