Green Infrastructure: A Stormwater Management Tool

Green Infrastructure as a Stormwater Management Tool—In this presentation we will focus on both the design aspects and long-term impacts to green infrastructure that the Indianapolis Department of Public Works has found when implementing water quality and water quantity standards. We will discuss designers’ experiences with meeting water quality and quantity standards and provide lessons learned from the owner’s perspective

Examining Elementary Teachers\u27 Sense of Efficacy in three settings in the Southeast

This study was conducted to investigate if teachers at urban, rural and suburban elementary schools differ significantly in their sense of self efficacy. The schools utilized for this research are located in the southeastern United States. Along with being in different geographic areas the schools are also different in their socioeconomic make-up and status. The Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy (TSES) created by Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy, was utilized. The authors found that, overall, the teachers at the urban elementary school displayed significantly lower scores on the TSES than did the suburban and rural schools. The implications for further research are to conduct a qualitative study of the teachers in the urban setting to delve deeper into their lower sense of efficacy in the classroom

Stirling Numbers of Sunflower Graphs

A Stirling number of the second kind, S(n, k), is the number of ways to take all of the elements from an n element set and put them into k subsets, so that the subsets are non-empty and pairwise disjoint. To get the graphical Stirling number for a graph G, we add the restriction that any two vertices that are adjacent in G cannot be in the same subset. The traditional Stirling numbers are the graphical Stirling number where the graph is empty. We find graphical Stirling numbers for sunflower graphs, which are powers of paths joined at a single vertex. We approach the problem in two different ways, (1) by finding the chromatic polynomial and (2) recursively. Our results include the Stirling number for what we refer to as a complete sunflower graph, as well as a few other cases for sunflower graphs. We then form a general conjecture for the chromatic polynomial of a sunflower graph, which would then provide us with the graphical Stirling number for a sunflower graph using the Principle of Inclusion Exclusion. We also find several recursive formulas for finding graphical Stirling numbers, such as the graphical Stirling number for graph G with vertex v with a complete neighborhood, S(G, k) = S(G − v, k − 1) + (k − deg(v)) · S(G − v, k). We end with a discussion of possible future work

Matching high-energy electroweak fermion loops onto the Fermi theory without higher dimensional operators

We derive the conditions for matching high-energy renormalizable Quantum Field Theories onto low-energy nonrenormalizable ones by means of the FDR approach described in [1]. Our procedure works order-by-order in the loop expansion and avoids the addition of higher dimensional interactions into the non-renormalizable Lagrangian. To illustrate our strategy, we match the high-energy fermion-loop corrections computed in the complete electroweak theory onto the nonrenormalizable four-fermion Fermi model. As a result, the Fermi Lagrangian can be used without modifications to reproduce, at arbitrary loop orders and energies, the exact electroweak interactions between two massless fermion lines induced by one-fermion-loop resummed gauge boson propagators.I acknowledge the financial support of the MINECO project FPA2016-78220-C3-3-P and the hospitality of the CERN TH department during the completion of this work

International politics of aggression: An historical analysis.

This thesis examines the role played by the concept of aggression in international relations, in order to reveal fresh insight into the nature of international society. In the first chapter, the concept of aggression is located within its theoretical context, with particular reference to the writings of certain realists, liberals, and international society theorists. The following chapters then assess the significance of the concept of aggression in the practice of international relations from the early twentieth century period onwards. Thus, chapter two looks at the concept of aggression in the post-World War One Treaty of Versailles peace agreement, including its importance in the US Senate's decision not to ratify that agreement. Subsequently, chapter three examines aggression in the context of the policy-making and procedures of the League of Nations prior to World War Two. In the aftermath of this conflict, chapter four considers how the crime of aggression came to be the key charge laid against Nazi leaders at the International Military Tribunal held at Nuremberg from 1945-946, and chapter five goes on to look at the crime of aggression's role at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo from 1946-1948. The re-emergence of the concept of aggression in the Charter of the United Nations, and this organisation's long struggle to 'define' aggression for the purposes of international peace and security are the focus of chapter six. The work of various UN organs towards achieving these purposes, and the part played by the concept of aggression in this work, feature in chapter seven. In chapters eight and nine, attention is turned to efforts since Nuremberg and Tokyo to entrench aggression as an offence against international criminal law, most recently at the 1998 Rome Conference on the Establishment of an International Criminal Court. The final part of the thesis makes some concluding comments concerning the value and significance of the concept of aggression in international politics today

Text and Transmission

The modern reader may encounter the Greek text of Euripides' surviving plays in many forms: in print either in complete editions or in separate editions of single plays published with translations or commentaries or both, and in digital form at well-known sites on the internet. When Euripides composed his plays, he is most likely to have written on a papyrus roll, although for rough drafts of small sections he could have used wax tablets, loose papyrus sheets, or pottery sherds. Although the papyrus rolls and early codices give us intriguing glimpses of the text of the Euripides plays up the seventh century CE, the surviving complete plays depend on the medieval textual tradition. For Euripides as for Aeschylus and Sophocles, Alexandrian scholars collected texts of as many plays as they could, comparing their titles to those known from the didascalic records. About seventy plays of Euripides never reached the medieval manuscript tradition

Wikipedia as an encyclopaedia of life

In his 2003 essay E O Wilson outlined his vision for an “encyclopaedia of life” comprising “an electronic page for each species of organism on Earth”, each page containing “the scientific name of the species, a pictorial or genomic presentation of the primary type specimen on which its name is based, and a summary of its diagnostic traits.” Although the “quiet revolution” in biodiversity informatics has generated numerous online resources, including some directly inspired by Wilson's essay (e.g., "http://ispecies.org":http://ispecies.org, "http://www.eol.org":http://www.eol.org), we are still some way from the goal of having available online all relevant information about a species, such as its taxonomy, evolutionary history, genomics, morphology, ecology, and behaviour. While the biodiversity community has been developing a plethora of databases, some with overlapping goals and duplicated content, Wikipedia has been slowly growing to the point where it now has over 100,000 pages on biological taxa. My goal in this essay is to explore the idea that, largely independent of the efforts of biodiversity informatics and well-funded international efforts, Wikipedia ("http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page":http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page) has emerged as potentially the best platform for fulfilling E O Wilson’s vision

Simulating weathering of basalt on Mars and Earth by thermal cycling

Physical weathering induced by heating and cooling may cause rock breakdown on Mars and Earth. We report results from parallel weathering simulations on basalt blocks exposed to diurnal cycles representing Mars-like (two simulation runs from −55 to +20 oC and −75 to +10 oC, 1–100% relative humidity, 4–8 mbar pressure, CO_2 atmosphere) and hot arid Earth (23–72o C, 30–100% relative humidity) conditions. Under Earth conditions, thermally pre-stressed blocks showed measurable strength declines, whilst salt pre-treated blocks showed strength gains. Under Mars-like conditions, pre-stressed blocks recorded greater or similar strength declines and salt pre-treated blocks showed more muted strength declines than under Earth conditions. The results imply that on Earth and Mars diurnal cycling of temperature alone can cause deterioration of basalt with a pre-existing stress history. The type of stress history is important, with salt pre-treatment affecting the response of thermally pre-stressed blocks under both Earth and Mars conditions

Episode-like pulse testosterone supplementation induces tumor senescence and growth arrest down-modulating androgen receptor through modulation of p-ERK1/2, pAR ser81 and CDK1 signaling: biological implications for men treated with testosterone replacement therapy

Despite the growing body of knowledge showing that testosterone (T) may not significantly affect tumor progression in hypogonadal patients treated for prostate cancer (Pca), the use of this hormone in this population still remains controversial. The effects of continuous or pulsed T stimulation were tested in vitro and in vivo on androgen-sensitive Pca cell lines in order to assess the differential biological properties of these two treatment modalities. Pulsed T treatment resulted in a greater inhibition than continuous T supplementation of tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. The effects of pulsed T treatment on tumor growth inhibition, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and tumor senescence was more pronounced than those obtained upon continuous T treatments. Mechanistic studies revealed that G0/G1 arrest and tumor senescence upon pulsed T treatment were associated with a marked decrease in cyclin D1, c-Myc and SKp2, CDK4 and p-Rb levels and upregulation of p27 and p-ERK1/2. Pulsed, but not continuous, T supplementation decreased the expression levels of AR, p-AR ser81 and CDK1 in both cellular models. The in vitro results were confirmed in an in vivo xenografts, providing evidence of a greater inhibitory activity of pulsed supraphysiological T supplementation than continuous treatment, both in terms of tumor volume and decreased AR, p-AR ser81 , PSA and CDK1 staining. The rapid cycling from hypogonadal to physiological or supra-physiological T intraprostatic concentrations results in cytostatic and senescence effects in preclinical models of androgen-sensitive Pca. Our preclinical evidence provides relevant new insights in the biology of Pca response to pulsed T supplementation