17 research outputs found
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IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property
Distributed value creation can boost the overall value created, but may create serious challenges for capturing value. In order to draw in external contributors, an innovator often waives legal exclusion rights or reveals formerly exclusive knowledge. But as a result, contributors may appropriate a large share of the jointly created value. In turn, integrating external contributions entails the risk of becoming dependent on outside owners of IP. To address this tension we propose the concept of “IP modularity.” We argue that, by managing a system’s modular structure in conjunction with its IP, firms can reconcile distributed innovation with value capture
IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property
Modelling human choices: MADeM and decision‑making
Research supported by FAPESP 2015/50122-0 and DFG-GRTK 1740/2. RP and AR are also part of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center for Neuromathematics FAPESP grant (2013/07699-0). RP is supported by a FAPESP scholarship (2013/25667-8). ACR is partially supported by a CNPq fellowship (grant 306251/2014-0)
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CYCLOPETIDE ALKALOIDS. SYNTHETIC, SPECTROSCOPIC AND CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES OF PHENCYCLOPEPTINE MODEL COMPOUNDS
Peptide cyclization via the p-nitrophenyl ester of 4-methyl-3-[4'-{beta}-N-(N'-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L~prolyl)-aminoethyl]phenoxy-pentanoic acid (9) has afforded a single cyclopeptide diastereomer,9R-isopropyl-5S,6-trimethylene-8-dearnino-1,2-dihydro-p-phencyclopeptine (4), in 36% yield. From the comparative analysis of the UV, IR, CD, and {sup 1}H NMR spectra of 4 and cyclopeptide 5S,6-trimethylene 8-deamino-1,2-dihydro-p-phencyclopeptine (3d), of known geometry, the conformational identities of the 14-membered ring systems were ascertained. From these data the assignment of R stereochemistry at C9 for cyclopeptide 4 was deduced. Since the stereochemistry at C9 in the naturally occurring phencyclopeptines is the same, these results suggest a feasible route to the stereoselective total synthesis of the phencyclopeptines