A Method for Measuring the Spectral Normal Emittance in Air of A Variety of Materials Having Stable Emittance Characteristics

A method and apparatus is described for the measurement of spectral normal emittance in air of a variety of materials. The system permits measurements to be performed over a wavelength region of 1.0 through 15.0 microns and over a temperature range of 600F to 1,8000F with an accuracy of 5.0 percent. The advantages of this system are described. Results obtained by this system are compared with results reported by another observer using a different technique

Charging for Agricultural Publications

In an effort to determine policy and experience regarding cost-recovery for Cooperative Extension and experiment station publications, the University of California Agricultural Sciences Publications office surveyed other publications offices

Numerical investigation on the interaction between surface roughness and viscous flows

Over the last 60 years, there has been a great deal of research aimed at determining the impact of surface roughness on fluid flow and the mechanisms by which the resulting flow phenomena occur. The effects of surface roughness include increases in drag the likelihood of flow separation, and the ability to trigger premature transition to turbulent flow. The primary concern for aircraft performance is surface roughness on the leading edge of an airfoil, which can adversely affect the design characteristics. The research to date has examined many problems in this area and has continued to expand the knowledge base, but many gaps still exist for a full understanding of the roughness-fluid interaction;In this study, a numerical investigation is conducted to examine the impact of surface roughness on external viscous flows. The focus of this study is on different types of airfoil leading-edge roughness and how these surface perturbations interact with the external flow field. The freestream conditions are varied to include both steady and unsteady flow at a constant angle-of-attack or in pitch-up. Several complex flow phenomena are examined in this work, including the laminar separation mechanism, leading-edge flow separation, stall characteristics, and vortex shedding;Several key findings are observed for the impact of roughness on the flow field. The results show that small-scale surface roughness can significantly alter the characteristics of the laminar separation mechanism. In particular, surface roughness, fully contained within the boundary layer, can shift the laminar separation point upstream of the original, clean surface location. It is also observed that similar small-scale roughness affects the secondary separation mechanism in the dynamic stall process. With large-scale roughness, the inception time for the formation of the dynamic stall vortex is accelerated as compared to a clean airfoil. This study also shows that the current two-dimensional Navier-Stokes algorithm is capable of predicting regions of laminar and roughness-induced transitional flow for the roughness geometries considered in this work, provided the grid resolution is sufficient to capture the small-scale flow structures

Dark Ops : Programming and Hacking Drones

Our Dark Ops course utilizes current student interest in flying drones to teach them to program, test, and debug in order to perform auto-piloted secret missions. Students learn basic principles of programming, aerodynamics, problem solving, and collaborative teamwork. Once proficient, students can extend their Dark Ops experience into hacking and maker activities such as DIY, weaponry, and intelligence features. This course is cross-curricular as standards for technology, reading comprehension, science, and mathematics are all utilized. Our students really love this; our waiting list for this course is long.Primary Audience: K-8 STEM Educators

Being Portuguese in Spanish: Reimagining Early Modern Iberian Literature, 1580-1640

Among the many consequences of Spain’s annexation of Portugal from 1580 to 1640 was an increase in the number of Portuguese authors writing in Spanish. One can trace this practice as far back as the medieval period, although it was through Gil Vicente, Jorge de Montemayor, and others that Spanish-language texts entered the mainstream of literary expression in Portugal. Proficiency in both languages gave Portuguese authors increased mobility throughout the empire. For those with literary aspirations, Spanish offered more opportunities to publish and greater readership, which may be why it is nearly impossible to find a Portuguese author who did not participate in this trend during the dual monarchy. Over the centuries these authors and their works have been erroneously defined in terms of economic opportunism, questions of language loyalty, and other reductive categories. Within this large group, however, is a subcategory of authors who used their writings in Spanish to imagine, explore, and celebrate their Portuguese heritage. Manuel de Faria e Sousa, Ângela de Azevedo, Jacinto Cordeiro, António de Sousa de Macedo, and Violante do Céu, among many others, offer a uniform yet complex answer to what it means to be from Portugal, constructing and claiming their Portuguese identity from within a Castilianized existence. Whereas all texts produced in Iberia during the early modern period reflect the distinct social, political, and cultural realities sweeping across the peninsula to some degree, Portuguese literature written in Spanish offers a unique vantage point from which to see these converging landscapes. Being Portuguese in Spanish explores the cultural cross-pollination that defined the era and reappraises a body of works that uniquely addresses the intersection of language, literature, politics, and identity.https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/purduepress_previews/1049/thumbnail.jp

WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION FROM AN EAST TEXAS PERSPECTIVE: NACOGDOCHES COUNTY FROM 1861-1876

Initially founded in 1826 as a municipality of Mexico and organized as a county in 1837—and sharing its name with the oldest town in Texas—Nacogdoches County flourishes with a rich history and has been a factor in nearly every major event in early Texas history. The Civil War is no exception. Men from the county contributed to the war effort but also felt the war’s sting at home. Citizens did what they could to survive. The county continued under the yoke of Reconstruction after the war before booming again in the 1880s thanks largely to the town the county shares its name with. While Nacogdoches County has a long history with racism and white supremacy as well, this public history project summarizes a fifteen-year period of that history from 1861 to 1876 with a focus on the presence of slavery and, ultimately, white supremacy, arguably when such peaked and guided many of the actions of white citizens. Most importantly, this project features the creation of a digital museum exhibition, utilizing interpretation theory and relevant literature to explain the creation of an online exhibit. The exhibit first provides an overview of the actions of the many Confederate units raised in the county and then notable units from neighboring counties that also included Nacogdocheans. The exhibit then features the years of Reconstruction with a focus on Federal soldier presence in the county as well as the activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau and their relationship with the citizens (both black and white)