The Subduction experiment : cruise report RRS Charles Darwin cruise number 73 subduction 3 mooring deployment and recovery cruise, 30 September-26 October 1992

Subduction is the mechanism by which water masses formed in the mixed layer and near the surface of the ocean find their way into the upper thermocline. The subduction process and its underlying mechanisms were studied through a combination of Eulerian and Langrangian measurements of velocity, measurements of tracer distrbutions and hydrographic properties and modeling. An array of five surface moorings carrying meteorological and oceanographic instrumentation were deployed for a period of two years beginning in June 1991 as part of an Office of Naval Research (ONR) funded Subduction experiment. Three eight month deployments were planned. The moorings were deployed at 18°N 34°W, 18°N 22°W, 25.5°N 29°W, 33°N 22°W and 33°N 34°W. A Vector Averaging Wind Recorder (VAWR) and an Improved Meteorological Recorder (IMET) collected wind speed and wind direction, sea surface temperature, air temperature, short wave radiation, barometric pressure and relative humidity. The IMET also measured precipitation. The moorings were heavily instrumented below the surface with Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCM), and single point temperature recorders. Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were collected and meteorological observations were made while transitting between mooring locations. In addition a series of 59 cm stations were made and water samples taken to be analyzed for tritium levels, salinity and dissolved oxygen content. This report describes the work that took place during RRS Charles Darwin cruise number 73 which was the third scheduled Subduction mooring cruise. During this cruise the second setting of the moorings were recovered and redeployed for a third eight month period. This report includes a description of the instrumentation that was deployed and recovered, has information about the underway measurements (XBT and meteorological observations) that were made including plots of the data, includes a description of the work conducted in conjunction with the tracer/hydrography program and presents a chronology of the cruise events.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-90-J-1490

Combined 624-nm and 850-nm illumination at low rates leads to enhanced inhibition of Candida albicans

Background: To determine whether combinations of red and infrared light could improve inhibition of Candida albicans and whether combining wavelengths and altering rate of energy delivery could prevent the formation of resistance to light energy.Methods: C. albicans was tested because of the common appearance in human skin and mucous membrane infections. The organism was treated in vitro with a combination of 624-nm (red) and 850-nm (infrared) light emitted from a supraluminous diode (SLD) array. Doses of 9, and 30 J/cm2 were used. Rate of energy delivery was also manipulated. Colony counts were performed and compared to untreated controls using Student t tests and one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis.Results: The combination of 624 and 850-nm light energy at 30 J/cm2 was an effective (p ≤ 0.05) inhibitor of C. albicans across all seven stages of the experiment. The combination of 624 and 850-nm wavelengths produced a maximum kill rate [{control – treated / control} X 100] of 76.24% and an average kill rate of 54% across the seven stages of the experiment.Conclusions: A Combination of 624-nm and 850-nm light from an SLD array can inhibit the growth of C. albicans in vitro. Altering delivery rate of the energy can delay resistance formation in this organism.

Optical Spectra of SNR Candidates in NGC 300

We present moderate-resolution (<5A) long-slit optical spectra of 51 nebular objects in the nearby Sculptor Group galaxy NGC 300 obtained with the 2.3 meter Advanced Technology Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, Australia. Adopting the criterion of [SII]/Ha>=0.4 to confirm supernova remnants (SNRs) from optical spectra, we find that of 28 objects previously proposed as SNRs from optical observations, 22 meet this criterion with six showing [SII]/Ha of less than 0.4. Of 27 objects suggested as SNRs from radio data, four are associated with the 28 previously proposed SNRs. Of these four, three (included in the 22 above) meet the criterion. In all, 22 of the 51 nebular objects meet the [SII]/Ha criterion as SNRs while the nature of the remaining 29 objects remains undetermined by these observations.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

67/12/12 Oral Arguments before the US Supreme Court

Tuesday, December 12, 1967 oral arguments before the United States Supreme Court

Book Reviews

Wesleyan Perspectives on the New Creation M. Douglas Meeks, ed. Nashville: Kingswood, 2004, 200 pp., paper, 2004, $30.00 Reviewed by William J Abraham Christ Plays in Ten Thousand Places Eugene H. Peterson Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2005, xii, 368pp. cloth,$25.00 Reviewed by Elaine A. Heath The Evangelical Moment: The Promise of an American Religion By Kenneth J. Collins Grand Rapids: Baker Academic Press 2005, 288 pp., paper, 22.99 Reviewed by Nathan Crawford Theology as History and Hermeneutics: A Post-Critical Evangelical Conversation with Contemporary Theology Laurence W. Wood Lexington: Emeth Publisher 2004, 261 pp. Reviewed by Nathan Crawford Resistance and Theological Ethics Ronald H. Stone and Robert L. Stivers, eds. Lanham, Maryland: Roman & Littlefield Publishers 2004, ri, 334 pp. paper, 28.95 Reviewed by Joerg Rieger The Ripple Church: Multiply Your Ministry by Parenting New Churches Phil Stevenson Indianapolis, IN: Wesleyan Publishing House 2004. pp. 186, $12.99. Reviewed by J.D. Payne The Struggle to Understand Isaiah as Christian Scripture Brevard S. Childs Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. 2004, xii, 332 pp. caseboulld,$35.00 Reviewed by John N. Oswalt God is Not Religious, Nice, One of Us, an American, a Capitalist D. Brent Laytham, ed. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Press. 2004, 152 pp., paper, $15.99 Reviewed by Michael Rynkiwitch A Short Introduction to Hermeneutics David Jasper Louisville, KY: Westmilnster John Knox Press 2004, xii, 148 pp. paper,$19.95 Reviewed by Charles M. Woo

Weakly activated core neuroinflammation pathways were identified as a central signaling mechanism contributing to the chronic neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u27s disease

OBJECTIVES: Neuroinflammation signaling has been identified as an important hallmark of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) in addition to amyloid β plaques (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). However, the molecular mechanisms and biological processes of neuroinflammation remain unclear and have not well delineated using transcriptomics data available. Our objectives are to uncover the core neuroinflammation signaling pathways in AD using integrative network analysis on the transcriptomics data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a novel perspective, i.e., investigating weakly activated molecular signals (rather than the strongly activated molecular signals), we developed integrative and systems biology network analysis to uncover potential core neuroinflammation signaling targets and pathways in AD using the two large-scale transcriptomics datasets, i.e., Mayo Clinic (77 controls and 81 AD samples) and ROSMAP (97 controls and 260 AD samples). RESULTS: Our analysis identified interesting core neuroinflammation signaling pathways, which are not systematically reported in the previous studies of AD. Specifically, we identified 7 categories of signaling pathways implicated on AD and related to virus infection: immune response, x-core signaling, apoptosis, lipid dysfunctional, biosynthesis and metabolism, and mineral absorption signaling pathways. More interestingly, most of the genes in the virus infection, immune response, and x-core signaling pathways are associated with inflammation molecular functions. The x-core signaling pathways were defined as a group of 9 signaling proteins: MAPK, Rap1, NF-kappa B, HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, Wnt, TGF-beta, Hippo, and TNF, which indicated the core neuroinflammation signaling pathways responding to the low-level and weakly activated inflammation and hypoxia and leading to the chronic neurodegeneration. It is interesting to investigate the detailed signaling cascades of these weakly activated neuroinflammation signaling pathways causing neurodegeneration in a chronic process, and consequently uncover novel therapeutic targets for effective AD treatment and prevention. CONCLUSIONS: The potential core neuroinflammation and associated signaling targets and pathways were identified using integrative network analysis on two large-scale transcriptomics datasets of AD

A retrospective look at the predictions and recommendations from the 2009 AMIA Policy Meeting: Did we see EHR-related clinician burnout coming?

Clinicians often attribute much of their burnout experience to use of the electronic health record, the adoption of which was greatly accelerated by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009. That same year, AMIA\u27s Policy Meeting focused on possible unintended consequences associated with rapid implementation of electronic health records, generating 17 potential consequences and 15 recommendations to address them. At the 2020 annual meeting of the American College of Medical Informatics (ACMI), ACMI fellows participated in a modified Delphi process to assess the accuracy of the 2009 predictions and the response to the recommendations. Among the findings, the fellows concluded that the degree of clinician burnout and its contributing factors, such as increased documentation requirements, were significantly underestimated. Conversely, problems related to identify theft and fraud were overestimated. Only 3 of the 15 recommendations were adjudged more than half-addressed

Recent Improvements in Semi-Span Testing at the National Transonic Facility (Invited)

Three wind tunnel investigations of a commercial transport, high-lift, semi-span configuration have recently been conducted in the National Transonic Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center. Throughout the course of these investigations multiple improvements have been developed in the facility semi-span test capability. The primary purpose of the investigations was to assess Reynolds number scale effects on a modern commercial transport configuration up to full-scale flight test conditions (Reynolds numbers on the order of 27 million). The tests included longitudinal aerodynamic studies at subsonic takeoff and landing conditions across a range of Reynolds numbers from that available in conventional wind tunnels up to flight conditions. The purpose of this paper is to discuss lessons learned and improvements incorporated into the semi-span testing process. Topics addressed include enhanced thermal stabilization and moisture reduction procedures, assessments and improvements in model sealing techniques, compensation of model reference dimensions due to test temperature, significantly improved semi-span model access capability, and assessments of data repeatability

Chandra and Very Large Array Observations of the Nearby Sd Galaxy NGC 45

We present an analysis of high angular resolution observations made in the X-ray and the radio with the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Karl Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), respectively, of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 45. This galaxy is the third that we have considered in a study of the supernova remnant (SNR) populations of nearby spiral galaxies and the present work represents the first detailed analysis of the discrete X-ray and radio source populations of this galaxy. We analyzed data sets from the three pointed observations made of this galaxy with Chandra along with a merged data set obtained from combining these data sets: the total effective exposure time of the merged data set is 63515 s. A total of 25 discrete X-ray sources are found in the entire field of view of the ACIS-S3 chip, with 16 sources found within the visual extent of the galaxy. We estimate that as many as half of the sources detected in the entire field of view of the ACIS-S3 chip and seven of the sources detected in the optical extent of NGC 45 may be background sources. We analyzed the spectral properties of the discrete X-ray sources within the galaxy and conclude that the majority of these sources are X-ray binaries. We have searched for counterparts at different wavelengths to the discrete X-ray sources and we find two associations: one with a star cluster and the other with a background galaxy. We have found one source that is clearly variable within one observation and seven that are seen to vary from one observation to another. We also conduct a photometric analysis to determine the near-infrared fluxes of the discrete X-ray sources in Spitzer Infrared Array Camera channels. We constructed a cumulative luminosity function of the discrete X-ray sources seen toward NGC 45: taking into account simultaneously the luminosity function of background sources, the fitted slope of the cumulative luminosity function Γ = –1.3_(-1.6)^(+0.7) (all error bounds correspond to 90% confidence intervals). The VLA observations reveal seven discrete radio sources: we find no overlaps between these sources and the X-ray detected sources. Based on their measured spectral indices and their locations with respect to the visible extent of NGC 45, we classify one source as a candidate radio SNR associated with the galaxy and the others as likely background galaxies seen in projection toward NGC 45. Finally, we discuss the properties of a background cluster of galaxies (denoted as CXOU J001354.2–231254.7) seen in projection toward NGC 45 and detected by the Chandra observations. The fit parameters to the extracted Chandra spectra of this cluster are a column density N_H = 0.07(<0.14) × 10^(22) cm^(−2), a temperature kT = 4.22_(-1.42)^(+2.08) keV, an abundance Z = 0.30(<0.75) relative to solar and a redshift z = 0.28 ± 0.14. From the fit parameters we derive an electron number density n_e = 4(±1) × 10^(−3) cm^(−3), an unabsorbed X-ray luminosity L_(0.5-7.0keV) ~ 8.77(±0.96) × 10^(43) erg s^(−1) for the cluster and an X-ray emitting mass M = 2.32(±1.75) × 10^(12)M_☉