L'immixtion et la trop grande expertise du propriétaire, cause d'exonération de responsabilité des architectes et des entrepreneurs sous l'article 1688 C.C.

In May 1977, the Supreme Court of Canada gave an authoritative judgment on the interpretation of article 1688 of the Civil Code dealing with the liability of the builder and the architect. In Davie Shipbuilding Ltd v. Cargill Grain Company Ltd and The Foundation Company of Canada Ltd, the court established a new method of rebutting the presumption of liability resulting from the article. Indeed, the Supreme Court found that where the owner intervened during the construction and was more qualified than the contractors in charge of the work to judge its quality, he could not invoke the presumption resulting from article 1688 C.C. and was responsible for any loss. The case is not an easy one — questions of law and facts are not simple in this dispute involving more than eleven million dollars

Notas taxonômicas sobre Myristicaceae neotropicais

Iryanthera longiflora Ducke, I. porcata Gentry e Virola divergens Ducke são propostas como sinônimos respectivamente de Iryanthera paradoxa (Schwacke) Warb., I. lancifolia Ducke e Virola mollissima (Poeppig. ex A. DC.) Warb.; e Iryanthera dialyandra Ducke é revertida como uma espécie legítima. A lectotipificação de algumas dessas espécies também é recomendada. ABSTRACT Iryanthera longiflora Ducke, I. porcata Gentry and Virola divergens Ducke are proposed as synonyms respectively of Iryanthera paradoxa (Schwacke) Warb., I. lancifolia Ducke and Virola mollissima (Poeppig. ex A. DC.) Warb., and Iryanthera dialyandra Ducke is relegitimated. Lectotypifications to some species treated above are also proposed. RÉSUMÉ Iryanthera longiflora Ducke, I. porcata Gentry et Virola divergens Ducke sont proposés comme synonymes de respectivement Iryanthera paradoxa (Schwacke) Warb., I. lancifolia Ducke et Virola mollissima (Poeppig. ex A. DC.) Warb. et Iryanthera dialyandra Ducke est relégitimé. Lectotypification sont aussi proposés à quelque espèce traitée au-dessus

Synopsis of the remarkable dates stated by the International Botanical Nomenclature(Vienna Code — 2006)

Sinopse das datas importantes enunciadas pelo Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Botânica (Código deViena — 2006) Synopsis of the remarkable dates stated by the International Botanical Nomenclature(Vienna Code — 2006)</htm

Ancilla-based quantum simulation

We consider simulating the BCS Hamiltonian, a model of low temperature superconductivity, on a quantum computer. In particular we consider conducting the simulation on the qubus quantum computer, which uses a continuous variable ancilla to generate interactions between qubits. We demonstrate an O(N^3) improvement over previous work conducted on an NMR computer [PRL 89 057904 (2002) & PRL 97 050504 (2006)] for the nearest neighbour and completely general cases. We then go on to show methods to minimise the number of operations needed per time step using the qubus in three cases; a completely general case, a case of exponentially decaying interactions and the case of fixed range interactions. We make these results controlled on an ancilla qubit so that we can apply the phase estimation algorithm, and hence show that when N \geq 5, our qubus simulation requires significantly less operations that a similar simulation conducted on an NMR computer.Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures: V2 added section on phase estimation and performing controlled unitaries, V3 corrected minor typo

Light composite Higgs from an effective action for technicolor

We compute an effective action for a composite Higgs boson formed by new fermions belonging to a general technicolor non-Abelian gauge theory, using a quite general expression for the fermionic self-energy that depends on a certain parameter (alpha), that defines the technicolor theory from the extreme walking behavior up to the one with a standard operator product expansion behavior. We discuss the values of the trilinear and quadrilinear scalar couplings. Our calculation spans all the possible physical possibilities for mass and couplings of the composite system. In the case of extreme walking technicolor theories we verify that it is possible to have a composite Higgs boson with a mass as light as the present experimental limit, contrary to the usual expectation of a heavy mass for the composite Higgs boson. In this case we obtain an upper limit for the Higgs boson mass, M_H ~ 700GeV for SU(2)_TC, and the experimental data on the Higgs boson mass constrain SU(N)_TC technicolor gauge groups to be smaller than SU(10)_TC.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures. Minor changes on the text, typos corrected and references added. Matches version to be published in PR

A presença de alcalóides em espécies botânicas da Amazônia. Ill - Annonaceae ()

A list of Annonaceae species from the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia herbarium is presented with the respective results of the indication test of the presence or not of alkaloids. A avaliation of the chemical-alkaloidical constituints of the thorough family, standing out specially the american genera, is included too.Consta deste trabalho uma lista de espécies da família Annonaceae. que possuem representantes no herbário do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, com os respectivos resultados do teste para indicação da presença ou não de alcalóides. Complementa o trabalho um levantamento da constituição químico-alcaloídica da família em geral, dando-se ênfase especial aos gêneros mencionados para a América

The Influence of Molecular Adsorption on Elongating Gold Nanowires

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the impact of physisorbing adsorbates on the structural and mechanical evolution of gold nanowires (AuNWs) undergoing elongation. We used various adsorbate models in our simulations, with each model giving rise to a different surface coverage and mobility of the adsorbed phase. We find that the local structure and mobility of the adsorbed phase remains relatively uniform across all segments of an elongating AuNW, except for the thinning region of the wire where the high mobility of Au atoms disrupts the monolayer structure, giving rise to higher solvent mobility. We analyzed the AuNW trajectories by measuring the ductile elongation of the wires and detecting the presence of characteristic structural motifs that appeared during elongation. Our findings indicate that adsorbates facilitate the formation of high-energy structural motifs and lead to significantly higher ductile elongations. In particular, our simulations result in a large number of monatomic chains and helical structures possessing mechanical stability in excess of what we observe in vacuum. Conversely, we find that a molecular species that interacts weakly (i.e., does not adsorb) with AuNWs worsens the mechanical stability of monatomic chains.Comment: To appear in Journal of Physical Chemistry

Perfilhamento e características morfológicas do capim-elefante anão sob pastejo

Morphological characteristics and tillering of dwarf elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) were studied in a grazing trial conducted at the University at Florida - USA. The grass was subjected to the effects of two management factors, each at five levels as follows: length of grazing cycle (GC) (continuous grazing, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days) and grazing pressure (GP) (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000 and 2,500 kg at residual leaf dry matter ha-1). Response surface methodology was used to analyse the data. Increases in GC and decreases in GP increased plant height, apical meristems height, number of internodes and dry matter produced per tiller. The percentage of apical meristems eliminated was greater under continuous grazing and high GP. The number of axillary buds per tiller was depressed under high GP. Shorter internodes were observed at short GC and high GP. Primary tillers constituted the predominant from of tillering in this grass. The results obtained indicate that short grazing cycles and high grazing pressures should be avoided in the management of dwarf elephantgrass in order to insure persistence and productivity of the pasture.O perfilhamento e as características morfológicas do capim-elefante anão (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) foram estudados num ensaio de pastejo conduzido na Universidade da Flórida - EUA. O capim foi submetido a 5 níveis de pressão de pastejo - PP (500, 1.000, 1.500, 2.000 e 2.500 kg de MS de folha residual há-1 ) e ciclo de pastejo - CP (pastejo contínuo, 14, 28, 42 e 56 dias). Os dados foram analisados através da metodologia de superfície de resposta. Aumentos no CP e reduções na PP resultaram no aumento da altura das plantas e dos meristemas apicais, no número de entrenós por perfilho e na produç3o de MS produzida por perfilho. A percentagem de meristemas apicais eliminados foi mais elevada sob pastejo contínuo e alta PP. O número de gemas axilares por perfilho foi reduzido sob alta PP. Entrenós mais curtos foram observados em CP curtos e alta PP. Perfilhos primários constituem a forma predominante de perfilhamento neste capim. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que CP curtos e altas PP devem ser evitados no manejo do capim-elefante anuo a fim de assegurar a persistência e a produtividade da pastagem