6,122 research outputs found
Management of the Rice Tungro Virus Vector \u3ci\u3eNephotettix virescens\u3c/i\u3e (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) with Controlled-Release Formulations of Carbofuran
Field trials were conducted in lowland flooded rice in the Philippines to evaluate a number of carbofuran controlled-release formulations in comparison with commercial formulations. The test formulations were based on a biodegradable matrix of pine kraft lignin and were used as granules of different sizes and also in the form of small strips. The release rates were assessed under field conditions by bioassaying rice plants in the field, using adult rice green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant. The lignin formulations with a high level of active ingredient (15–45% by weight) gave as good or better control than the commercial 3% granules in tests based on three application techniques: broadcast into the floodwater, soil incorporation, and root zone injection. The improvements in control levels of green leafhoppers were most marked with soil incorporation and root zone application. The best lignin-based formulation reduced levels of tungro virus infection from 23% for a conventional flowable carbofuran formulation to 1.0% at an application rate of 0.5 kg (AI)/ha. At the same rate, the grain yield was increased from 3.56 t/ha to 5.5 t/ha, using the controlled-released formulation
Multi-k magnetic structures in USb_{0.9}Te_{0.1} and UAs_{0.8}Se_{0.2} observed via resonant x-ray scattering at the U M4 edge
Experiments with resonant photons at the U M4 edge have been performed on a
sample of USb_{0.9}Te_{0.1}, which has an incommensurate magnetic structure
with k = 0.596(2) reciprocal lattice units. The reflections of the form ,
as observed previously in a commensurate k = 1/2 system [N. Bernhoeft et al.,
Phys. Rev. B 69 174415 (2004)] are observed, removing any doubt that these
occur because of multiple scattering or high-order contamination of the
incident photon beam. They are clearly connected with the presence of a 3k
configuration. Measurements of the reflections from the sample
UAs_{0.8}Se_{0.2} in a magnetic field show that the transition at T* ~ 50 K is
between a low-temperature 2k and high-temperature 3k state and that this
transition is sensitive to an applied magnetic field. These experiments stress
the need for quantitative theory to explain the intensities of these
reflections.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.
Galaxy formation in the Planck cosmology - II. Star-formation histories and post-processing magnitude reconstruction
We adapt the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model to follow the star-formation
histories (SFH) of galaxies -- by which we mean a record of the formation time
and metallicities of the stars that are present in each galaxy at a given time.
We use these to construct stellar spectra in post-processing, which offers
large efficiency savings and allows user-defined spectral bands and dust models
to be applied to data stored in the Millennium data repository.
We contrast model SFHs from the Millennium Simulation with observed ones from
the VESPA algorithm as applied to the SDSS-7 catalogue. The overall agreement
is good, with both simulated and SDSS galaxies showing a steeper SFH with
increased stellar mass. The SFHs of blue and red galaxies, however, show poor
agreement between data and simulations, which may indicate that the termination
of star formation is too abrupt in the models.
The mean star-formation rate (SFR) of model galaxies is well-defined and is
accurately modelled by a double power law at all redshifts: SFR proportional to
, where Gyr, is the age of the
stars and is the loopback time to the onset of galaxy formation; above a
redshift of unity, this is well approximated by a gamma function: SFR
proportional to , where Gyr. Individual
galaxies, however, show a wide dispersion about this mean. When split by mass,
the SFR peaks earlier for high-mass galaxies than for lower-mass ones, and we
interpret this downsizing as a mass-dependence in the evolution of the quenched
fraction: the SFHs of star-forming galaxies show only a weak mass dependence.Comment: Accepted version of the paper, to appear in MNRAS. Compared to the
original version, contains more detail on the post-processing of magnitudes,
including a table of rms magnitude errors. SFHs available on Millennium
database http://gavo.mpa-garching.mpg.de/MyMillennium
Proximity effect of vanadium on spin-density-wave magnetism in Cr films
The spin-density wave (SDW) state in thin chromium films is well known to be
strongly affected by proximity effects from neighboring layers. To date the
main attention has been given to effects arising from exchange interactions at
interfaces. In the present work we report on combined neutron and synchrotron
scattering studies of proximity effects in Cr/V films where the boundary
condition is due to the hybridization of Cr with paramagnetic V at the
interface. We find that the V/Cr interface has a strong and long-range effect
on the polarization, period, and the N\'{e}el temperature of the SDW in rather
thick Cr films. This unusually strong effect is unexpected and not predicted by
theory.Comment: 7 figure
Resonant X-Ray Scattering on the M-Edge Spectra from Triple-k Structure Phase in U_{0.75}Np_{0.25}O_{2} and UO_{2}
We derive an expression for the scattering amplitude of resonant x-ray
scattering under the assumption that the Hamiltonian describing the
intermediate state preserves spherical symmetry. On the basis of this
expression, we demonstrate that the energy profile of the RXS spectra expected
near U and Np M_4 edges from the triple-k antiferromagnetic ordering phase in
UO_{2} and U_{0.75}Np_{0.25}O_{2} agree well with those from the experiments.
We demonstrate that the spectra in the \sigma-\sigma' and \sigma-\pi' channels
exhibit quadrupole and dipole natures, respectively.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Supp
Disentangling multipole resonances through a full x-ray polarization analysis
Complete polarization analysis applied to resonant x-ray scattering at the Cr
K-edge in K2CrO4 shows that incident linearly polarized x-rays can be converted
into circularly polarized x-rays by diffraction at the Cr pre-edge (E = 5994
eV). The physical mechanism behind this phenomenon is a subtle interference
effect between purely dipole (E1-E1) and purely quadrupole (E2-E2) transitions,
leading to a phase shift between the respective scattering amplitudes. This
effect may be exploited to disentangle two close-lying resonances that appear
as a single peak in a conventional energy scan, in this way allowing to single
out and identify the different multipole order parameters involved.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
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