EFICÁCIA DO TRATAMENTO CONSERVADOR PARA AMELOBLASTOMA UNICÍSTICO-REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Os tumores odontogênicos epiteliais são compostos pela proliferação de restos celulares associados à formação dos dentes, sem a participação de ectomesenquima. O ameloblastoma é um o tumor de maior significância, de crescimento lento, localmente invasivo e com alta chance de recidiva, frequentemente na mandíbula, manifestando-se de três maneiras: periférico, unicístico, multicístico ou sólido. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre a eficácia das manobras conservadoras para o tratamento do Ameloblastoma Unicístico (AU). Foram realizadas buscas na plataforma eletrônica Scielo, revistas e livros de odontologia em português entre o período de 2015 a 2020. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos que abordavam sobre o tratamento do AU. Atualmente os tratamentos conservadores para o ameloblastoma compreendem a enucleação, curetagem, marsupialização, e a descompressão, podendo ser associadas ou não à crioterapia. Alguns autores indicam a associação da descompressão seguida da enucleação com o controle rígido de exames radiográficos períodicos, caso haja recidiva da lesão. As taxas de recidivas é de 10 a 20% para o AU, mas estudos sistemáticos recentes mostraram 60% de reincidência após enucleação tanto no AU quanto no sólido. Dessa maneira, alguns estudos defendem a realização da ressecção óssea com margem de segurança como medida profilática. Há necessidade de mais pesquisas voltadas para o tratamento conservador e as taxas de reincidência do AU, possibilitando ao cirurgião-dentista conhecer todos os aspectos dessa afecção visando melhor conduta

A INFLUÊNCIA DO TABAGISMO NAS FALHAS DE IMPLANTES DENTÁRIOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

O tabagismo é um dos fatores de risco na falha dos implantes dentário, promovendo a perda de altura óssea, dificuldade de cicatrização que causam alterações sistêmicas e locais no processo de osseointegração (OI). Nessas alterações está a diminuição da vascularização local afetando o contato osso/implante. Outra substância que potencializa os danos é a nicotina, provocando alterações nos tecidos peri-implantares. Este trabalho visa analisar a influência do tabagismo nas falhas de implantes dentários. As buscas foram feitas através do portal eletrônico PubMed com os descritores “Dental implant” e “Smoke”, usando artigos de 2015 a 2020. Os critérios de inclusão: revisões sistemáticas, não sistemáticas e estudos in vivo. critérios de exclusão incluíram estudos in vitro, estudos com animais, relatos de casos, editoriais; Selecionando 06 artigos. O fumo pode modificar negativamente o contato (OI), o preenchimento e densidade óssea devido ao seu efeito constante na proliferação dos precursores celulares e na vascularização no sítio do implante. Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à perda óssea marginal de pacientes fumantes, predominando a maxila em relação à mandíbula. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa nas taxas de falhas dos implantes de pacientes fumantes quando comparados a pacientes não fumantes. Portanto a instalação de implantes em pacientes fumantes afeta significativamente as taxas de sucesso, o risco de infecções pós-operatórias e a perda óssea marginal, mas os resultados encontrados devem ser interpretados com cautela

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

Association of Variants in the SPTLC1 Gene With Juvenile Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Importance: Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare form of ALS characterized by age of symptom onset less than 25 years and a variable presentation.Objective: To identify the genetic variants associated with juvenile ALS.Design, Setting, and Participants: In this multicenter family-based genetic study, trio whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the disease-associated gene in a case series of unrelated patients diagnosed with juvenile ALS and severe growth retardation. The patients and their family members were enrolled at academic hospitals and a government research facility between March 1, 2016, and March 13, 2020, and were observed until October 1, 2020. Whole-exome sequencing was also performed in a series of patients with juvenile ALS. A total of 66 patients with juvenile ALS and 6258 adult patients with ALS participated in the study. Patients were selected for the study based on their diagnosis, and all eligible participants were enrolled in the study. None of the participants had a family history of neurological disorders, suggesting de novo variants as the underlying genetic mechanism.Main Outcomes and Measures: De novo variants present only in the index case and not in unaffected family members.Results: Trio whole-exome sequencing was performed in 3 patients diagnosed with juvenile ALS and their parents. An additional 63 patients with juvenile ALS and 6258 adult patients with ALS were subsequently screened for variants in the SPTLC1 gene. De novo variants in SPTLC1 (p.Ala20Ser in 2 patients and p.Ser331Tyr in 1 patient) were identified in 3 unrelated patients diagnosed with juvenile ALS and failure to thrive. A fourth variant (p.Leu39del) was identified in a patient with juvenile ALS where parental DNA was unavailable. Variants in this gene have been previously shown to be associated with autosomal-dominant hereditary sensory autonomic neuropathy, type 1A, by disrupting an essential enzyme complex in the sphingolipid synthesis pathway.Conclusions and Relevance: These data broaden the phenotype associated with SPTLC1 and suggest that patients presenting with juvenile ALS should be screened for variants in this gene.</p

The dominant Anopheles vectors of human malaria in the Asia-Pacific region: occurrence data, distribution maps and bionomic précis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The final article in a series of three publications examining the global distribution of 41 dominant vector species (DVS) of malaria is presented here. The first publication examined the DVS from the Americas, with the second covering those species present in Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Here we discuss the 19 DVS of the Asian-Pacific region. This region experiences a high diversity of vector species, many occurring sympatrically, which, combined with the occurrence of a high number of species complexes and suspected species complexes, and behavioural plasticity of many of these major vectors, adds a level of entomological complexity not comparable elsewhere globally. To try and untangle the intricacy of the vectors of this region and to increase the effectiveness of vector control interventions, an understanding of the contemporary distribution of each species, combined with a synthesis of the current knowledge of their behaviour and ecology is needed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Expert opinion (EO) range maps, created with the most up-to-date expert knowledge of each DVS distribution, were combined with a contemporary database of occurrence data and a suite of open access, environmental and climatic variables. Using the Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) modelling method, distribution maps of each DVS were produced. The occurrence data were abstracted from the formal, published literature, plus other relevant sources, resulting in the collation of DVS occurrence at 10116 locations across 31 countries, of which 8853 were successfully geo-referenced and 7430 were resolved to spatial areas that could be included in the BRT model. A detailed summary of the information on the bionomics of each species and species complex is also presented.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This article concludes a project aimed to establish the contemporary global distribution of the DVS of malaria. The three articles produced are intended as a detailed reference for scientists continuing research into the aspects of taxonomy, biology and ecology relevant to species-specific vector control. This research is particularly relevant to help unravel the complicated taxonomic status, ecology and epidemiology of the vectors of the Asia-Pacific region. All the occurrence data, predictive maps and EO-shape files generated during the production of these publications will be made available in the public domain. We hope that this will encourage data sharing to improve future iterations of the distribution maps.</p