Rok Putina. Obwod kaliningradzki w kontekscie rozszerzenia Unii Europejskiej. Prace OSW 2/2001. = Putin's Year. The Kaliningrad Oblast in the context of EU enlargement. OSW Study 2/2001

Last year Kaliningrad became the subject of an international debate involving first of all the European Union, Russia, the USA, and the countries bordering the enclave, Poland and Lithuania. Such keen interest in a small region of less than a million inhabitants was mainly due to the fact that Kaliningrad has found itself in the very centre of two processes which are of paramount importance for Europe: EU and NATO enlargement. If Lithuania becomes a member of those units and Poland joins the EU, this Russian enclave will become an island surrounded on all land borders by a totally different, political, economic and military entity. In the course of the debate many questions were raised about the situation in the Oblast and how it affects neighbouring countries, the real interests and intentions of the parties involved in the debate, and the future of the region. The authors of this publication are attempting to answer these questions. The first part of this analysis is devoted to presenting the most important internal problems of the enclave, considering their influence on the surrounding world and the consequences of adopting the acquis communautaire in Poland and Lithuania. The second part characterises Moscow's policies towards Kaliningrad on the one hand, and those of Western countries on the other. Finally, the authors discuss the probable ways in which the situation in the enclave will develop

Bibliografia prac Jubilata

Bibliografia prac profesora Andrzeja Radziewicza-Winnickieg

Postpartum hypothalamic dysfunction - a case report

Zaburzenia czynności podwzgórza stanowią rzadko rozpoznawaną jednostkę kliniczną, stanowiącą konsekwencję różnych procesów patologicznych toczących się w obrębie tej struktury mózgu. Charakteryzuje ją złożony obraz kliniczny, na który składają się bóle głowy, nieprawidłowa regulacja łaknienia i pragnienia, zaburzenia snu i termoregulacji oraz nieprawidłowe wydzielanie hormonów. W niniejszym artykule opisano przypadek 29-letniej kobiety, u której doszło do rozwoju zaburzeń czynności podwzgórza w następstwie powikłań okołoporodowych. Postawienie prawidłowego rozpoznania wymagało wykonania wielu oznaczeń laboratoryjnych i przeprowadzenia badań obrazowych. Otyłość, która wystąpiła u pacjentki, wykazywała oporność na klasyczne leczenie (dietetyczne i farmakologiczne) i dopiero leczenie bariatryczne spowodowało redukcję masy ciała. Opisywana pacjentka jest pierwszą chorą z poporodową dysfunkcją podwzgórza, u której wykonano oznaczenia stężeń w osoczu adipokin, neuropeptydów i hormonów przewodu pokarmowego uczestniczących w fizjologicznej regulacji poboru pokarmu. (Endokrynol Pol 2010; 61 (4): 396-399)Hypothalamic dysfunction is a rarely diagnosed endocrine disorder resulting from various pathological processes affecting this brain region. It is characterized by a complex clinical manifestation, including headaches, abnormal regulation of various behaviours, abnormalities in sleeping and thermoregulation, and inappropriate secretion of many hormones. In our paper, we report the case of a 29-year-old female in whom hypothalamic dysfunction was induced by delivery complications. Accurate diagnosis of this syndrome required complex laboratory and imaging tests. The disease-related obesity was resistant to conventional treatment (diet and pharmacotherapy) and only bariatric surgery caused a reduction of body mass. The described patient is the first with postpartum hypothalamic dysfunction in whom plasma levels of adipokines, neuropeptides, and alimentary tract hormones contributing to physiological regulation of food intake were assessed. (Pol J Endocrinol 2010; 61 (4): 396-399

Kaliningrad Oblast 2016. The society, economy and army. OSW Report 12/2016

Moscow has been developing a new model of governance for Kaliningrad Oblast in 2016. The changes in the regional government (the governance of the oblast was entrusted to people sent from Moscow and had no links with the region) were part of it. These are a result of Russia’s depleting financial resources and austerity policy, the increasing militarisation of the Russian Federation and the important role the oblast plays in this policy, and the need to ensure a satisfactory result in the upcoming presidential election. Although there are at present no visible symptoms suggesting an intensification of protest sentiments, Moscow is taking preventive action to try to tighten its grip on local elites and residents. Kaliningrad Oblast remains an essential element of the Russian military strategy in the Baltic region. This is borne out by the deployment in the region of S-400 air defence systems, ships equipped with Kalibr missiles, and Bastion missile defence systems (which are nominally anti-ship weapons but are also adjusted to attacking ground targets). Furthermore, the deployment of Iskander missile systems has been launched which enables the creation of a so-called ‘Anti-Access/Area Denial’ (A2/AD) zone, extending the range of Russian weapons to the territories and airspace of the neighbouring NATO member states

Practical aspects of testing superconducting electromagnets by the capacitor discharge method taking into account the non-linearity of circuit parameters

The article presents selected issues related to the development and testing of the diagnostics systems dedicated for superconducting electromagnets. The systems were constructed to assess the production quality of superconducting electromagnets of the SIS100 synchrotron, a new accelerator being built as part of the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). One of the systems is used for automatic checking of electrical connection parameters and the continuity of electric circuits. The role of the second device is to assess the quality of winding insulation and to estimate circuit parameters of electromagnet coils using the capacitor discharge method. The work presents measurements and analysis of current and voltage waveforms acquired during discharges on a magnet coil simulator and on the SIS100 main dipole electromagnet

Recommendations of the Polish Society of Physiotherapy, the Polish Society of Family Medicine, the College of Family Physicians in Poland and the European Rural and Isolated Practitioners Association regarding the use of simple forms of physiotherapy, including massage and self-massage in primary care, endorsed by the Polish Society of Physiotherapy Specialists

Background In general practice, dysfunctions within the locomotor system are a recurring health issue. Most frequently, diagnoses and treatments relate to pain syndromes of the backbone, the shoulder girdle or the pelvic girdle. The authors believe that physiotherapy, along with other clinical disciplines, should be regarded as an important factor which influences the effectiveness of the therapeutic process in this area. In primary care, treatment of musculoskeletal disorders – especially at the stage of early clinical symptoms – should incorporate basic physiotherapy methods, e.g., massage, physical procedures, kinesiotherapy and the underrated education of the patient. Restoring appropriate spatial arrangement of tissues provides the right conditions for the regeneration and repair of muscles, ligaments and tendons, although it is a process that requires a long time. Therefore, it can be very important to introduce self-therapy in the form of systematically repeated, easy-to-replicate procedures in the scope of self-massage and self-kinesiotherapy. Objectives This paper presents the impact of physiotherapy in treating selected disorders and pain syndromes of the locomotor system with particular attention to the role of massage. Emphasis is placed on the meaning of self-massage in the process of restoring structural balance of tissues. The model of active inclusion of the patient in the treatment process as preparation for self-therapy is presented. This paper aims to justify the need to reorganize health services provided through general practicioners within the National Health Fund network by incorporating physiotherapy in primary care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zatorowość płucna — czy infekcja SARS CoV-2 wpływa na przebieg kliniczny i rokowanie?

Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic complications up to 5 months after infection. The study aimed to assess the effect of active or recent (defined as within the past 3 months) COVID-19 on the clinical course of pulmonary embolism (PE) and patients’ survival as compared to patients with pulmonary embolism without a history or active COVID-19. Material and methods. Eighty-seven patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism, and hospitalized from March 2020 to July 2021 were qualified for the study. The patients were divided into two groups: 1. COVID (+): patients with an active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or antigen test in the period no longer than 3 months before the diagnosis of PE (n = 38); 2. COVID (–): patients tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 and without typical history of infection (n = 49). The following data were analysed: clinical data, results of computed tomography, transthoracic echocardiography, ultrasound of deep veins of lower limbs, and results of laboratory tests (D-dimer, N-termina pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin I, C-reactive protein [CRP]). For statistical analysis, Statistica version 13 was used. Results. Significant differences between the COVID (+) and COVID (–) groups were observed in the incidence of complete respiratory failure in 39.5% and 6.12% of patients respectively, p = 0.001 and higher in-hospital mortality 26.3% vs. 4.08%; p = 0.003. The Cox regression did not reveal any factor significantly associated with in-hospital mortality besides the previous diagnosis of neoplasm (hazard ratio 3.23; 95% confidence interval: 0.81; 12.95; p = 0.09). The COVID (+) group was characterized by significantly higher levels ​​of CRP (9.43/52.50/113.23 [mg/L] vs. 6.40/24.70/47.40 [mg/L]; p = 0.04). Conclusions. Patients with COVID-19 and PE present higher mortality than patients without concurrent or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are warranted to identify specific factors associated with the observed higher mortality in this population.Wstęp. Choroba koronawirusowa 2019 (COVID-19) jest związana ze zwiększonym ryzykiem powikłań zakrzepowo-zatorowych do 5 miesięcy po zakażeniu. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena wpływu czynnego lub przebytego niedawno (w ciągu ostatnich 3 miesięcy) COVID-19 na przebieg kliniczny zatorowości płucnej (PE) i przeżycie pacjentów w porównaniu z pacjentami z zatorowością płucną bez wywiadu lub aktywnej COVID-19. Materiały i metody. Do badania zakwalifikowano 87 pacjentów z rozpoznaniem PE, hospitalizowanych od marca 2020 do lipca 2021 roku. Pacjentów podzielono na dwie grupy: 1. COVID (+): pacjenci z czynną infekcją SARS-CoV-2 potwierdzoną łańcuchową reakcją polimerazy (PCR) lub testem antygenowym w okresie nie dłuższym niż 3 miesiące przed rozpoznaniem PE, (n = 38); 2. COVID (–): pacjenci z ujemnym wynikiem testu na SARS-CoV-2 i bez typowej historii infekcji (n = 49). Analizie poddano dane kliniczne, wyniki tomografii komputerowej, echokardiografii przezklatkowej, USG żył głębokich kończyn dolnych, wyniki badań laboratoryjnych (D-dimer, N-końcowy fragment propeptydu natriuretycznego typu B, troponinę sercową I, białko C-reaktywne). Do analizy statystycznej wykorzystano program Statistica w wersji 13. Wyniki. Zaobserwowano istotne różnice między grupami z COVID (+) i COVID (–) w częstości występowania całkowitej niewydolności oddechowej odpowiednio u 39,5%; 6,12% pacjentów, p = 0,001 i wyższej śmiertelności wewnątrzszpitalnej (26,3% vs. 4,08%; p = 0,003). Regresja Coxa nie ujawniła żadnego czynnika istotnie związanego ze śmiertelnością wewnątrzszpitalną poza wcześniejszym rozpoznaniem nowotworu (współczynnik ryzyka 3,23; 95-procentowy przedział ufności: 0,81; 12,95; p = 0,09). Grupa COVID (+) charakteryzowała się istotnie wyższymi stężeniami białka C-reaktywnego (9,43/52,50/113,23 [mg/l] vs. 6,40/24,70/47,40 [mg/l]; p = 0,04). Wnioski. Wśród pacjentów z COVID-19 i PE wykazano wyższą śmiertelność niż u osób bez jednoczesnego lub niedawnego zakażenia SARS-CoV-2. Uzasadnione są dalsze badania w celu zidentyfikowania specyficznych czynników związanych z obserwowaną wyższą śmiertelnością w tej populacji

Cavity-QED tests of representations of canonical commutation relations employed in field quantization

Various aspects of dissipative and nondissipative decoherence of Rabi oscillations are discussed in the context of field quantization in alternative representations of CCR. Theory is confronted with experiment, and a possibility of more conclusive tests is analyzed.Comment: Discussion of dissipative and nondissipative decoherence is included. Theory is now consistent with the existing data and predictions for new experiments are more reliabl