Ocena koncentracji produkcji żywności regionalnej i tradycyjnej w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej

Celem pracy była ocena koncentracji produkcji żywności regionalnej i tradycyjnej w Unii Europejskiej (UE) ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Polski. Analizy dokonano na podstawie danych pochodzących z europejskich baz DOOR, E-BACCHUS, E-SPIRIT DRINKS oraz danych IJHARS. Opisano i przeanalizowano różne kategorie regionalnych i tradycyjnych produktów zarejestrowanych w Polsce jak i innych krajach UE wykorzystując indeks koncentracji Herfindahhl-Hirschman. Otrzymane wyniki dowiodły, że koncentracja produkcji żywności regionalnej i tradycyjnej w UE jest duża, a większość zarejestrowanych oznaczeń geograficznych produktów pochodzi z krajów basenu Morza Śródziemnego, na które przypada niemal trzy czwarte wszystkich unijnych rejestracji. Polska posiada niewielki udział w analizowanym rynku. W ujęciu regionalnym w Polsce odnotowano względnie wysoką koncentrację produkcji. Wyraźnie wyższą wartość wykazano dla koncentracji producentów tych produktów

Sources of financing small and medium-sized enterprises : case studies in Poland

Purpose: The article presents selected research results concerning the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in Poland. The research subject was to gain extensive knowledge of selected sources of financing for SMEs operating in Poland. By learning about the methods of using the funds obtained, as well as identifying the most important features that guide the entrepreneur when choosing the financing sources available on the market. Approach / Methodology / Design: The study used PAPI and CAWI techniques. The survey was conducted at the turn of 2018 and 2019. The research sample included 510 entities. Findings: Entrepreneurs from the SME sector in Poland do not fully use the potential of available financing sources. The authors argue that this state of affairs may be affected by insufficient knowledge about available funding sources. Practical implications: The study showed a need to raise awareness among entrepreneurs about the available financing sources by indicating the role that government institutions should play in this process. Originality/Value: Research attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the subject. These studies can help understand the motives behind selecting specific sources of financing by SMEs operating in Central Europe.peer-reviewe

Perception of food quality labels : an empirical analysis among traditional food producers in Poland

PURPOSE: This paper examines traditional food producers' perceptions of food quality labels, indicating the incentives and challenges that food producers may face implementing such schemes. The aim is to identify the main factors affecting traditional food producers' adoption of food quality labels.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The sample was composed of 101 traditional food producers in Poland that had completed the quality certification process. The survey was based on computer-assisted telephone interviews with closed questions (5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1-totally disagree to 5-totally agree). The interviewees were asked to express a judgment by declaring their level of agreement with the 19 statements. Descriptive statistics and factor analysis were used for data analysis.FINDINGS: Results show that enterprises adopt quality signs to improve product image, reputation, and consumer confidence. The protection granted to food labels by the law may also exert effects on firms' profitability. Producers take advantage of food quality labels in different ways, according to their size and own business strategies. However, the emphasis often put on the positive effects of the food quality labels is far from its potentiality in many cases.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The study results will be beneficial to both food producers and public authorities seeking to encourage the application of quality labels in the traditional food sector. The identified benefits and barriers will help producers to adopt successful business models. The public authorities should make the certification process more effective and transparent, and promotion should explain to consumers what the food label guarantees.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper proposes several managerial and policy implications related to improving the business environment for the adoption of food quality schemes in the traditional food sector.This research article was supported by the Scientific Research Project Fund of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn.peer-reviewe

International competitive position of the Polish selected food markets

Purpose: The aim of the article was to evaluate the current situation and changes of the international competitive position of selected Polish food markets. Design/Methodology/Approach: To quantify the evaluation of competitiveness, ratio analysis was used. Indicators of the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Lafaya Index (LFI) and Specialization Indicator (SI) were calculated. The research covers the years 2004-2018. Findings: The research of the foreign trade of polish agri-food sector showed that its role in the analyzed period in the Polish economy is becoming stronger. The main food industries in export are meat and processed meat, tobacco and cigarettes, dairy products, and fish and fish products. The research results enable us to identify international specializations of the Polish agri-food branches in the analyzed markets, namely the tobacco and meat and fish processing industries in the EU-15 market, meat and offal in the EU-13 market, and the dairy industry in markets outside the EU. Practical Implications: Based on the study and research on the subject, suggestions and recommendations may be formulated for the public administration and food industry. Originality/Value: The research results indicate long-term changes in the potential and competitive position of the industry on the international market. Therefore study serves a basis for making future decisions by directors and managers of firms in the internationalization process of agri-food sector in Poland.peer-reviewe

A Technological Model of Wood-Harvesting Systems in Poland Considering Changes in Stand Productivity affected by Industrial Air Pollution

We built a simulation model of the timber-harvesting system in Poland to enable estimation of costs and the number of machines necessary for accomplishment of tasks under conditions of changing stand productivity including effects by industrial air-pollutant emissions. Taking into account the purpose of modeling, the main production factors we included are: forest area, production of wood assortments, machines needed for the technological process, technological processes carried out by means of these machines, and timber receivers. To each of the factors, some characteristics are ascribed which influence the accomplishment of production. Changes in stand productivity resulting from industrial emissions are considered in the data base as being a set of characteristics of the forest areas. The input-output model assumes the choice of machines (from the assumed set), cost estimates for the whole harvesting process, and determination of the number of machines by means of which production tasks would be performed at the lowest costs. Predicting the changes in stand characteristics for a given time interval, including the timber volume possible to obtain, the cost and structure of machines can be estimated. The calculations given in this study are based on data from 1986. The results of our calculations indicate that, for better economic effect, the structure of machinery should be reviewed, especially in view of possible continued forest decline in Poland

Studies on germ cells. I. The history of the germ cells in insects with special reference to the Keimbahn-determinants. II. The origin and significance of the Keimbahn-determinants in animals

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/50235/1/1050250302_ftp.pd

Internationalization of the Dairy Sector in Poland During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The aim of the study has been to evaluate the active internationalization of the dairy sector in Poland during the Covid-19 pandemic. The restrictions that were system-wise imposed globally since early 2020 created new conditions for the functioning of markets, also in the international dimension. As a result, production, logistic and consumption processes were considerably altered. The research subject was the dairy sector, which is an important link in the Polish food economy. The study covered years 2020-2021, showing the changes relative to the previous time periods. The literature perusal and analysis of the statistical data concerning the Polish foreign trade enabled us to confirm the hypothesis that food markets, including the dairy sector, are an important anchor of the Polish economy in times of crisis. The strong position of the Polish dairy products on international markets was maintained and even strengthened at the end of the researched period. A relatively high degree of the geographical diversification of the internationalization of the dairy sector compared to the whole agricultural and food sector was observed. It can be expected that the business solutions developed during the pandemic will additionally reinforce enterprises from the dairy sector in the future

Exports of Polish food products to Russia during the global economic crisis

W artykule zaprezentowano analizę polskiego eksportu rolno-spożywczego do Rosji w czasie globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego. Recesja w Europie w 2009 r. oraz kryzys zadłużeniowy w strefie euro wyraźnie pogorszyły uwarunkowania handlu międzynarodowego. Spadek PKB w Unii Europejskiej wyniósł 4,2%, a w Rosji był jeszcze większy (7,8%). Pomimo tych niekorzystnych okoliczności polski eksport żywności do Rosji w latach 2007-2011 wzrósł o 77%, a udział Rosji w polskim eksporcie w tej grupie produktowej znacząco zwiększył się, z 4,3% w 2008 r. do 5,3% w 2011 r. W efekcie internacjonalizacja sprzedaży z polskiego sektora rolno-spożywczego uległa dywersyfikacji, kosztem zmniejszenia udziału rynku unijnego. W obecnej, złożonej sytuacji ekonomicznej w strefie euro Rosja z około 140 milionową ludnością może okazać się perspektywicznym, alternatywnym rynkiem eksportowym dla polskich przedsiębiorstw.Polish agri-food exports to Russia during the global economic crisis are analysed. The recession in Europe in 2009 and the debt crisis in the Eurozone were the key factors that had a negative influence on the international trade. The GDP decline in the European Union amounted to 4.2% and in Russia it was even stronger (7,8%). In spite of these disadvantages, Polish agri-food exports to Russia increased between 2007 and 2011 by 77% and the share of Russia in the Polish agrifood exports grew significantly, from 4.3% in 2008 to 5.3% in 2011. As a result, the internationalization of Polish agri-food sector sales is more diversified, at the cost of share of the EUmarket. In the current complicated economic situation in the Eurozone, Russia with its population of 140 million can be a prospective, alternative exports market for Polish enterprises

Virtue ethics in the context of the overall concept of Alasdair MacIntyre’s moral inquiry

The article is devoted to a presentation of the moral philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre, one of the most well-known of all contemporary American philosophers representing the Aristotelian and Thomistic tradition. MacIntyre is known as the reviver of virtue ethics and a critic of individualistic liberalism. The paper offers a new interpretation of his moral philosophy in light of his theory of metaethics. He writes it in a social and historical context. His overall view of moral inquiry is the least well-known. This article also presents the latest version of his ethical theory.Artykuł poświęcony jest przedstawieniu filozofii moralnej Alasdaira MacIntyre’a, jednego z najwybitniejszych współczesnych filozofów amerykańskich, reprezentującego tradycję arystotelesowską i tomistyczną. MacIntyre znany jest powszechnie jako odnowiciel etyki cnót i krytyk indywidualistycznego liberalizmu. Artykuł przynosi nową interpretację filozofii moralnej tego myśliciela w świetle pojęć zaczerpniętych z jego własnej koncepcji metaetyki. Chodzi szczególnie o wpisanie jej w kontekst społeczny i historyczny. Ogólna koncepcja badań moralnych jest najmniej znana z całego dorobku tego filozofa. Artykuł ukazuje także pewne nowe elementy najnowszej wersji MacIntyre’a teorii etycznej