nus)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas pemberian ekstrak dari batang pohon pisang Ambon {Musa paradisiaca var sapientum} dalam bentuk sediaan salep terhadap proses persembuhan luka pada kulit mencit emus musculus albinus} melalui pengamatan patologi anatomi dan histopatologi. Hewan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mencit dengan strain DDY umur 4-6 minggu sebanyak 45 ekor yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif {salep placebo}, kontrol positif {salep komersil} dan salep ekstrak batang pohon pisang Ambon. Semua mencit dilukai pada daerah punggung anterior sepanjang 1-1,5 cm menggunakan skalpel. Setiap hari luka diolesi dua kali dengan salep yang diuji { salep placebo, salep komersil, dan salep ekstrakJ. Pengamatan patologi anatomi dilakukan setiap hari sementara pengamatan histopatologi dilakukan pada hari ke 3,5,7, 14 dan 21 pasca perlukaan mencit yang dieuthanasia. Parameter pengamatan patologi anatomi adalah warna luka, pembekuan darah, terbentuknya keropeng dan ukuran luka. Parameter yang diamati pada sediaan histopatologi adalah infiltrasi sel-sel radang {neutrofil, limfosit, makrofag}, neokapilerisasi, persentase re-epitelisasi dan ketebalan fibroblas. Semua data kuantitatif diuji secara statistik menggunakan Analisa Sidik Ragam {ANOVA} dan dilanjutkan dengan uji wilayah berganda Duncan, sedangkan data kualitatif disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengamatan patologi anatomi kelompok salep ekstrak lebih cepat membentuk keropeng dan menutup luka tanpa bekas, jika dibandingkan dengan control negatif. Hasil uji statistik pada parameter infiltrasi sel-sel radang pada kelompok salep ekstrak menunjukan hasil yang berbeda nyata {

Efek diuretik ekstrak daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) pada kadar kalium dan natrium urine tikus Sprague-Dawley

Pengumuman penarikan naskah: Penulis secara sukarela telah menyampaikan permintaan penarikan kembali (retraction) naskah yang telah terbit. Atas pertimbangan tersebut Dewan editor memutuskan untuk menarik secara permanen naskah ini dari peredaran baik cetak maupun online.&nbsp

PF-18 Photomicrograph of Nanogel Andrographolide-Beta Cyclodextrine Inclusion Complex As Anti-Burns

Inclusion complex is a complex formed between drug molecules which act as guest or located inside the cavity of host molecule. Host molecules are commonly originated from the derivative group of cyclodextrin. Among cyclodextrin groups, beta cyclodextrin (BCD) is mostly used in formula development and drug delivery system [1].Andrographolide (AG) is a pure isolate chemically syntesized from sambiloto herbs (Andrographis paniculata Nees), in the form of needle cystal-like which is colorless and extremely bitter. AG has variety of medical properties, particularly as anti-inflamation to treat skin burns [2]. However AG has poor solubility in water. This will result in low abillity to solute, penetrate membrane, and distribute the drug when applied transdermally in burn skin. In burn skin, there is tendency to skin damage, especially in stratum corneum which acts as semipermeable barrier. The ability of drugs that applied transdermally tends to be high.Formation of inclusion complex using AG and BCD to increase the ability of AG in penetrating membrane should be done. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) is a fast technique to confirm the formation of drug or inclusion complex by  comparing the shape and particle size [3]. Study on percutaneous penetration of AG-BCD inclusion complex is produced through solvent evaporation method at mole ration 1:2 in viscolam gel preparation

Activity Of Ambon Banana (Musa Paradisiaca Var. Sapientum) Stem Extract In Ointment Formulation On The Wound Healing Process Of Mice Skin (Mus Musculus Albinus)

The objective of the present research is to study the activity of banana stem extract in ointment solutions in the acceleration of wound healing process on mice skins. Totally of 45 mice strain DDY 4-6 weeks old were devided in negativecontrol group (placebo ointment), positive control group (Betadine® ointment) and Ambon banana stem extract ointment.All mice were aseptically wounded 1-1,5 cm in the anterior region of back skin using a sterile scalpel. The wound wassmeared with the ointment. The pathology anatomy observations was done inday 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post wounded. Parameters of the gross lesions (pathology anatomy) observations warecolour of the wound, blood coagulations, scab formations and size of the wound. Parameter for (microscopic lesions) histopathology were infiltrations of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, lymphocytes,macrofages), neo-capillarizations, re-epitelization percentage and the thickness of fibroblast. All quantitative data were measure using ANOVA and continue with Duncan Test, moreover, the qualitative data were presented descriptively. The result shows that gross lesions observations, the extract ointment group was faster in scab formations and covers the wound without trace compared to the negative control group. The statistical test on the infiltrations of inflammatory cells parameter of the extract ointment group significantly different (P<0.05) compared to the negative control group. Histopatologycal observations shows that Ambon banana stem extract in ointment solutions can increase the infiltrations of inflammatory cells, neo-capillary formations, re-epitelizations percentage andacceleration of fibroblast formations. Base on the result the Ambon banana stems extract in ointment solutions can accelerate the wound healing process and it seems that this solution could be developed and uses for the medical purposes

Edible Bird’s Nest Extract Reduced Expression of Senescence Markers in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is often consumed as a health food due to its suggested health benefits, including anti-aging effects, however the mechanism is still unknown. This study investigated the effect of EBN extract using long term expansion bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) as an aging model. Passage 5 (P5) and passage 8 (P8) BMMSCs were treated with EBN extract, and their proliferation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, and expression of p16INK4a were analyzed. Treatment of BMMSCs with EBN extract decreased population doubling time (PDT) in P5 but not in P8 BMMSCs. In P5 BMMSCs, 200 ppm EBN extract increased BMMSCs proliferation, with PDT reduced by 27.6%. However, 200 ppm EBN extracts did not affect P8 BMMSCs proliferation, although it increased BMMSCs viability. Treatment of P5 and P8 BMMSCs with 200 ppm EBN extract decreased SA-β-Gal activity by 54.8% and 47.1% of the control, respectively (P<0.05). Levels of p16INK4a expression were 5.4-fold lower in P5 BMMSCs treated with 200 ppm EBN extract compared to control (P<0.05). Similarly, treatment of P8 BMMSCs with 200 ppm EBN extract reduced p16INK4a mRNA level by 7.9-fold compared to the control (P<0.05). In order to investigate the pathway of EBN extract inhibition, we further analyzed IL-6 and NF-κB1 expression. Treatment of P5 and P8 BMMSCs with 200 ppm EBN extract reduced IL-6 mRNA levels by 7.9-fold and 2.1-fold of control, respectively (P<0.05). We found that 200 ppm EBN extract reduced NF-κB1 mRNA level approximately 2.4-fold both in P5 and P8 BMMSCs (P<0.05). Thus, EBN extract reduces markers of senescence, indicated by decreased SA-β-Gal activity and p16INK4a mRNA level, and this correlated with reduced messenger RNA levels of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 and the transcription factor NF-κB1

Comparative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) profiles during dadih fermentation with spontaneous and back-slopping methods, as identified by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP)

The diversity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present during the manufacture of traditional fermented buffalo milk from West Sumatra, known as dadih, was studied via a culture-independent approach using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to compare the dynamic diversity in back-slopping and spontaneous fermentation methods. Total LAB and pH were measured in freshly prepared buffalo milk and in \textit{dadih} fermented for 24 and 48 hours. The results indicated significant differences between the fermentation methods, with higher total LAB, and greater phylotype richness and relative abundance being identified in the back-slopping method. Terminal fragment lengths (TRFs) of 68 and 310 bp were common to both techniques, similar to those of Lactobacillus fermentum, Fructobacillus pseudoficulneus, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc kimchii, and Leuconostoc sp. The changes in phylotype number (species number) and relative abundances of LAB communities identified are expected to produce data needed to formulate the best fermentation process for dadih manufacturing. A 24-hour back-slopping fermentation method is recommended, as fermentation time of longer than 24 hours reduced viable LAB significantly. Our results also indicated that the T-RFLP technique is not only clearly sensitive enough and adequate for segregating LAB diversity in both fermentation methods, but that it also provides good information regarding the structure of microbial communities and their composition change during the fermentation process

Penyembuhan luka sayatan kulit menggunakan topikal balsamum peruvianum pascaoperasi infark miokardium pada babi domestik (Sus scrofa domestica)

Babi adalah hewan model ideal yang biasa digunakan untuk penelitian kesehatan dan penyakit pada manusia karena memiliki anatomi dan fisiologi yang serupa, salah satunya dalam hal persembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas pemberian balsamum peruvianum pada persembuhan luka sayatan setelah operasi infark miokardium pada babi domestik (Sus scrofa domestica). Penelitian menggunakan lima ekor babi berumur 4–5 bulan, tiga ekor berjenis kelamin jantan dan dua ekor betina. Sayatan dibuat di bagian lateral toraks, antara tulang rusuk ke-3–4, memanjang dari dorsal ke ventral, dengan menggunakan electrocauter. Luka dijahit menggunakan benang Monosyn® 4.0 dengan pola jahitan subkutikuler/intradermal, kemudian diberi iodine 10% dan balsamum peruvianum 10% di seluruh permukaan bagian luka dua kali sehari. Persembuhan diamati pada hari ke-1, 4, 7, 11, dan 14 dan diberi skor (skala: 1–4) pada pemeriksaan makroskopis pada setiap babi hingga hari ke-18. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan perbedaan skor persembuhan yang signifikan pada hari ke-11 dan ke-18 jika dibandingkan dengan hari ke-1. Sediaan topikal balsamum peruvianum dapat digunakan dan efektif untuk persembuhan luka sayatan pada kulit setelah operasi infark miokardium pada babi

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KARI (Murraya koenigii) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Pseudomonas sp.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri, konsentrasi efektif, dan pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun kari (Murraya koenigii) terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas sp. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar. Parameter yang diukur adalah besarnya diameter daya hambat yang terbentuk di sekitar kertas cakram. Hasil  uji aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan metode one way anova dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak 12,5; 25; dan 50% telah memberikan aktivitas daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Konsentrasi efektif yang dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 50%, sedangkan bakteri Pseudomonas sp. pada konsentrasi 12,5; 25; dan 50%. Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kari menunjukkan semakin luas diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan bakterinya. Penghambatan yang terjadi pada bakteri Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, dan Pseudomonas sp. tersebut, membuktikan bahwa daun kari mengandung senyawa aktif yang bersifat antibakteri, seperti flavonoid, fenol, alkaloid, dan saponin

Aktivitas Salep Ekstrak Rimpang Kunyit dalam Proses Persembuhan Luka pada Mencit yang Diinduksi Diabetes (THE ACTIVITY OF TURMERIC EXTRACT OINTMENT IN THE WOUND HEALING PROCESS OF INDUCED DIABETIC MICE)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ethanol turmeric extract ointment in woundhealing process of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Ethyl acetate and hexane fractions of ethanolturmeric extract were studied for their wound-healing properties in the formulation of ointment. Sixty micewere divided into 4 groups : group I was control (normal control, without treatment); group II was diabeticgroup (diabetic, without treatment); group III was diabetic and treated with ethyl acetate fraction ointment,group IV was diabetic and treated with hexane fraction ointment. The diabetic groups were i.p injectedwith 40mg/kg of streptozotocin and all groups were received incision 2 cm on their back skin. The ointmentsof ethyl acetate and hexane fraction were given topically twice a day. Three mice from each groups werenecropsied at 2nd, 4th, 7th, 14th and 21st days post incision (pi) for gross pathological and histopathologicalevaluation of the injured skin. Gross examination revealed that the ethyl acetate and hexane fractionointment groups showed better result on wound-healing process compared to the diabetic group.Microscopically, the ethyl acetate and hexane fraction ointment groups showed faster neovascularizationand reepithelialization compared to the diabetic group. In comparison with the diabetic group, the ethylacetate and hexane fraction ointment groups showed fewer neutrophils infiltration which indicated antiinflammatory activities of ethyl acetate and hexane fractions. Based on the macroscopic and microscopicobservation, the ointments of ethyl acetate and hexane fraction have properties to promote wound healingin diabetic mice

Pengobatan penyakit tumor mammae melalaui operasi (matektomi dan ovariohisterektomi) dan kombinasinya (tanaman herbal) pada hewan

Tumor or neuplasm can be meant as a abnormal and uncontrol growth of the transformation tissue or the change of one or main location of the body. This degenerative desease is one of the deseases in the animal pet especially dog and cat. Generaly this tumor deseases can be used with therapy using surgery and usually will relapse after six months. from our previous research had succeded to examp by using activity in vitro antiproliverati from extract plant (nusa indah, blustru and temu putih) combined with recombinanct interferon dog ( rCaiFN). The above phenomenon indicate a new hope to make a therapy for tumor desease, especially for dog and cat and may be in the future can be used for human. In this research we used 21 female rabbits and divided into 7 treatment groups, consisted of 3 rabits ie : group A. negative control; B. surgery, preventive and curative curcumine; C. positive control; D. positive control and surgery; E. surgery and preventive zedoaria capsul; F. surgery , preventive and curative zedoaria capsule and G. surgery and curative zedoaria capsule . Induction with carcinogen (MNU) treated every weeks during 3 weeks. Surgery is executed in the 5 weeks and giving capsule zedoaria is executed every day for 4 weeks (preventive or curative) and 8 weeks (preventive andcurative). Result of the research indicated that mammae tumor has been made successfully by MNU (n-metil-nnitrosuria) induction to rabit and capsule zedoaria and it has been treated by doing surgery therapy (mastectomy and ovariohisterectomy). Also decombination of zedoaria capsule. The result of the research indicated lindrance of tumorgenesis to the group which is given by zedoaria capsule. from the clinical picture shows that zedoaria capsule does not give negative effect to clinical picture (temperature, respiratory frequency and heart rate)/ still normal to all the groups. Tumor induction with (MNO) at mammary gland will occur allegic reaction inflammatory which is the beginning of tumor mechanism which is marked by total leucosit, neutrofil, eosinofil, and basofil increase. Tumor therapy with surgery (masektomi and ovariohisterektomi) and the combination with rimpang Temu Putih capsule can decrease the number of leucosit, neutrofil and limfosit but only a little affectmonosit number, although statistically it does not show real difference