8 research outputs found

    Rereading Habermas in Times of CRISPR-cas: A Critique of and an Alternative to the Instrumentalist Interpretation of the Human Nature Argument

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    Habermas’s argument from human nature, which speaks in favour of holding back the use of human germline editing for purposes of enhancement, has lately received criticism anew. Prominent are objections to its supposedly genetic essentialist and determinist framework, which underestimates social impacts on human development. I argue that this criticism originates from an instrumentalist reading of Habermas’s argument, which wrongly focuses on empirical conditions and means-ends-relations. Drawing on Habermas’s distinction of a threefold use of practical reason, I show how an alternative—the ethical—reading avoids essentialist and determinist objections by addressing an existential level of sense making. I present three reasons that speak in favour of the ethical reading and I demonstrate how it incorporates social aspects of character formation. Habermas’s account therefore offers exactly what the critics claim is missing. The paper concludes with a conceptual challenge that the ethical reading has to face within Habermas’s overall approach to genetic engineering

    Argumentative Skills: A Systematic Framework for Teaching and Learning

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    In this paper, we propose a framework for fostering argumentative skills in a systematic way in Philosophy and Ethics classes. We start with a review of curricula and teaching materials from the German-speaking world to show that there is an urgent need for standards for the teaching and learning of argumentation. Against this backdrop, we present a framework for such standards that is intended to tackle these difficulties. The spiral-curricular model of argumentative competences we sketch helps teachers introduce the relevant concepts and skills to students early on in their school career. The focus is on secondary schools, but the proposal can also be of use for learning and teaching in universities, especially in introductory classes

    Constructive approach to limiting periodic orbits with exponential and power law dynamics

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    In dynamical systems limit cycles arise as a result of a Hopf bifurcation, after a control parameter has crossed its critical value. In this study we present a constructive method to produce dissipative dynamics which lead to stable periodic orbits as time grows, with predesigned transient dynamics. Depending on the construction method a) the limiting orbit can be a regular circle, an ellipse or a more complex closed orbit and b) the approach to the limiting orbit can follow an exponential law or a power law. This technique allows to design nonlinear models of dynamical systems with desired (exponential or power law) relaxation properties.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figure

    Funktion und NormativitÀt bei Darwin und Aristoteles

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    In immer mehr Bereichen der modernen Humanwissenschaften wird die Evolutionstheorie als maßgebliches ErklĂ€rungsmodell angewendet. Die AttraktivitĂ€t dieses Modells fĂŒr andere Wissenschaften besteht in der Verbindung der historischen Entwicklungsdimension mit einer naturwissenschaftlich-nĂŒchternen Betrachtungsweise, in der PhĂ€nomene funktional als auf Anpassung ausgerichtete ZusammenhĂ€nge begriffen werden. Mit Blick auf die Moral scheint dies jedoch auf die Alternative hinauszulaufen, entweder die Moral auf evolutionĂ€re Anpassungsleistungen zurĂŒckzufĂŒhren oder moralische NormativitĂ€t als irreduzibel anzukennen, was dann aber dazu fĂŒhrt, dass Ethik und Evolutionstheorie als zwei Perspektiven, unter denen menschliches Verhalten betrachtet werden kann, unvermittelt nebeneinander stehen. Dieser Befund ist jedoch insofern defizitĂ€r, als in der gegenwĂ€rtigen philosophischen Ethik in zunehmendem Maße die Notwendigkeit gesehen wird, menschliches Verhalten an die Natur zurĂŒckzubinden. Daher wird im modernen ethischen Diskurs nicht nur die VernĂŒnftigkeit des Menschen, sondern auch seine biologische Verfassung zum Gegenstand der Untersuchung. Dieser Perspektivwechsel ist maßgeblich mit einer Wiederaufnahme aristotelischer Grundfiguren verbunden, so dass sogar von einer ‚Re-Aristotelisierung der praktischen Philosophie‘ (Höffe) gesprochen wird. Was diese antike Ethik so attraktiv erscheinen lĂ€sst, ist die Verwendung eines Naturbegriffs (physis), der zugleich die Grundlage der aristotelischen Naturphilosophie darstellt. Es scheint somit, dass die aristotelische Philosophie die Möglichkeit eröffnet, den Menschen sowohl als natĂŒrliches als auch als moralisches Wesen zu begreifen, ohne die moralische Dimension auf NaturvorgĂ€nge zu reduzieren. Der Sammelband diskutiert unter anderem die Frage, inwieweit Aristoteles’ Philosophie mögliche LösungsansĂ€tze fĂŒr das oben beschriebene Problem der DisparitĂ€t von Moral und Evolutionstheorie anbieten kann

    Über GrenzgĂ€nge in der Philosophie

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    Argumentative Skills: A Systematic Framework for Teaching and Learning

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    In this paper, we propose a framework for fostering argumentative skills in a systematic way in Philosophy and Ethics classes. We start with a review of curricula and teaching materials from the German-speaking world to show that there is an urgent need for standards for the teaching and learning of argumentation. Against this backdrop, we present a framework for such standards that is intended to tackle these difficulties. The spiral-curricular model of argumentative competences we sketch helps teachers introduce the relevant concepts and skills to students early on in their school career. The focus is on secondary schools, but the proposal can also be of use for learning and teaching in universities, especially in introductory classes
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