Метод CRAMM - комплексный подход к оценке рисков

The article shows the use of the method CRAMM for risk management and research of information security systems

Технологические решения для строительства эксплуатационной наклонно-направленной скважины глубиной 2775 метров на нефтяном месторождении Томской области

Цель работы – проектирование строительства наклонно-направленной эксплуатационной скважины глубиной 2775 метров на Соболином нефтяном месторождении Томской области. В данной работе приведены данные о параметрах сооружения скважины, рассмотрены процессы бурения и заканчивания скважин, выбрано соответствующее оборудование, а также затронуты вопросы воздействия на окружающую среду и оценена экономическая эффективность строительства скважины. В данной работе также содержатся исследования абразивного воздействия твердой фазы бурового раствора на эластомеры винтовых забойных двигателей с целью их модификации. Выпускная квалификационная работа выполнена с упором на современные достижения в области строительства нефтяных и газовых скважин.The aim of the work is the design of the construction of a directional production well with a depth of 2,775 meters at the Sobolinoe oil field in the Tomsk Region. In this paper, data are given on the parameters of well construction, drilling and completion of wells are considered, equipment is selected, and issues related to the economic state of the well are discussed. This paper also contains the results of studies conducted in accordance with the current regulations. Graduation qualification work was carried out with an emphasis on modern achievements in the field of construction of oil and gas wells

Thermopower across the phase diagram of the cuprate La1.6−xNd0.4SrxCuO4 : signatures of the pseudogap and charge-density-wave phases

The Seebeck coefficient (thermopower) S of the cuprate superconductor La1.6−xNd0.4SrxCuO4 was measured across its doping phase diagram (from p = 0.12 to p = 0.25), at various temperatures down to T ≃ 2 K, in the normal state accessed by suppressing superconductivity with a magnetic field up to H = 37.5 T. The magnitude of S/T in the T = 0 limit is found to suddenly increase, by a factor ≃ 5, when the doping is reduced below p ⋆ = 0.23, the critical doping for the onset of the pseudogap phase. This confirms that the pseudogap phase causes a large reduction of the carrier density n, consistent with a drop from n = 1 + p above p ⋆ to n = p below p⋆, as previously inferred from measurements of the Hall coefficient, resistivity and thermal conductivity. When the doping is reduced below p = 0.19, a qualitative change is observed whereby S/T decreases as T → 0, eventually to reach negative values at T = 0. In prior work on other cuprates, negative values of S/T at T → 0 were shown to result from a reconstruction of the Fermi surface caused by charge- density-wave (CDW) order. We therefore identify pCDW ≃ 0.19 as the critical doping beyond which there is no CDW-induced Fermi surface reconstruction. The fact that pCDW is well separated from p ⋆ reveals that there is a doping range below p⋆ where the transport signatures of the pseudogap phase are unaffected by CDW correlations, as previously found in YBa2Cu3Oy and La2−xSrxCuO4.Center for Dynamics and Control of Material

Emergence of Young Human Genes after a Burst of Retroposition in Primates

The origin of new genes through gene duplication is fundamental to the evolution of lineage- or species-specific phenotypic traits. In this report, we estimate the number of functional retrogenes on the lineage leading to humans generated by the high rate of retroposition (retroduplication) in primates. Extensive comparative sequencing and expression studies coupled with evolutionary analyses and simulations suggest that a significant proportion of recent retrocopies represent bona fide human genes. We estimate that at least one new retrogene per million years emerged on the human lineage during the past ∼63 million years of primate evolution. Detailed analysis of a subset of the data shows that the majority of retrogenes are specifically expressed in testis, whereas their parental genes show broad expression patterns. Consistently, most retrogenes evolved functional roles in spermatogenesis. Proteins encoded by X chromosome−derived retrogenes were strongly preserved by purifying selection following the duplication event, supporting the view that they may act as functional autosomal substitutes during X-inactivation of late spermatogenesis genes. Also, some retrogenes acquired a new or more adapted function driven by positive selection. We conclude that retroduplication significantly contributed to the formation of recent human genes and that most new retrogenes were progressively recruited during primate evolution by natural and/or sexual selection to enhance male germline function

Decompressive surgery in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia

Background and purpose: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis due to vaccine-induced im-mune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (CVST-VITT) is an adverse drug reaction occurring after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2) vaccination. CVST-VITT patients often present with large intracerebral haemorrhages and a high proportion undergoes decompressive surgery. Clinical characteristics, therapeutic management and outcomes of CVST-VITT patients who underwent decompressive surgery are described and predictors of in- hospital mortality in these patients are explored.Methods: Data from an ongoing international registry of patients who developed CVST within 28 days of SARS-CoV- 2 vaccination, reported between 29 March 2021 and 10 May 2022, were used. Definite, probable and possible VITT cases, as defined by Pavord et al. (N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 1680–1689), were included. Results: Decompressive surgery was performed in 34/128 (27%) patients with CVST- VITT. In- hospital mortality was 22/34 (65%) in the surgical and 27/94 (29%) in the non- surgical group (p< 0.001). In all surgical cases, the cause of death was brain herniation. The highest mortality rates were found amongst patients with preoperative coma (17/18, 94% vs. 4/14, 29% in the non-comatose; p< 0.001) and bilaterally absent pupillary re-flexes (7/7, 100% vs. 6/9, 67% with unilaterally reactive pupil, and 4/11, 36% with bi-laterally reactive pupils; p= 0.023). Postoperative imaging revealed worsening of index haemorrhagic lesion in 19 (70%) patients and new haemorrhagic lesions in 16 (59%) pa-tients. At a median follow-up of 6 months, 8/10 of surgical CVST-VITT who survived ad-mission were functionally independent.Conclusions: Almost two-thirds of surgical CVST-VITT patients died during hospital ad-mission. Preoperative coma and bilateral absence of pupillary responses were associated with higher mortality rates. Survivors often achieved functional independence.Peer reviewe

Management of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Due to Adenoviral COVID-19 Vaccination

Objective Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) caused by vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare adverse effect of adenovirus-based severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. In March 2021, after autoimmune pathogenesis of VITT was discovered, treatment recommendations were developed. These comprised immunomodulation, non-heparin anticoagulants, and avoidance of platelet transfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to these recommendations and its association with mortality. Methods We used data from an international prospective registry of patients with CVT after the adenovirus-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We analyzed possible, probable, or definite VITT-CVT cases included until January 18, 2022. Immunomodulation entailed administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and/or plasmapheresis. Results Ninety-nine patients with VITT-CVT from 71 hospitals in 17 countries were analyzed. Five of 38 (13%), 11 of 24 (46%), and 28 of 37 (76%) of the patients diagnosed in March, April, and from May onward, respectively, were treated in-line with VITT recommendations (p < 0.001). Overall, treatment according to recommendations had no statistically significant influence on mortality (14/44 [32%] vs 29/55 [52%], adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16-1.19). However, patients who received immunomodulation had lower mortality (19/65 [29%] vs 24/34 [70%], adjusted OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06-0.58). Treatment with non-heparin anticoagulants instead of heparins was not associated with lower mortality (17/51 [33%] vs 13/35 [37%], adjusted OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.24-2.04). Mortality was also not significantly influenced by platelet transfusion (17/27 [63%] vs 26/72 [36%], adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.74-6.54). Conclusions In patients with VITT-CVT, adherence to VITT treatment recommendations improved over time. Immunomodulation seems crucial for reducing mortality of VITT-CVT. ANN NEUROL 2022Peer reviewe

Fabrication and characterization of high-power diode lasers

High power diode lasers can be used for a lot of applications such as pumping of solid state lasers, direct material processing and printing. The successful use of high power lasers depends on their high efficiency and reliability in combination with a long lifetime. For a further increase in the quality of high power diode lasers the properties of semiconductor laser bars have to be improved as well as the mounting techniques for these bars onto specially designed heat sinks