55 research outputs found
Immunhistochemische Analyse tumorinfiltrierender Lymphozyten (TIL) der T-Zellreihe CD3 und CD8 beim nodal-negativen Kolonkarzinom mittels automatisierter Bilddatenauswertung und deren prognostische Bedeutung
Immunhistochemische Analyse tumorinfiltrierender Lymphozyten (TIL) der T-Zellreihe CD3 und CD8 beim nodal-negativen Kolonkarzinom mittels automatisierter Bilddatenauswertung und deren prognostische Bedeutung
A solution for information management in logistics operations of modern manufacturing chains
One dominant feature of the modern manufacturing chains is the movement of goods. Manufacturing companies would remain an unprofitable investment if the supplies/logistics of raw materials, semi-finished products or final goods are not handled in an effective way. Both levels of a modern manufacturing chain-actual production and logistics-are characterized by continuous data creation at a much faster rate than they can be meaningfully analyzed and acted upon manually. Often, instant and reliable decisions need to be taken based on huge, previously inconceivable amounts of heterogeneous, contradictory or incomplete data. The paper will highlight aspects of information flows related to business process data visibility and observability in modern manufacturing networks. An information management platform developed in the framework of the EU FP7 project ADVANCE will be presented
Therapeutic Frameworks in Integration Sessions in Substance-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Systematized Review
Serotonergic psychedelics and related substances have been explored as potential adjuncts in substance-assisted psychotherapy (SAPT) for treating various disorders. SAPT can be divided into three phases: preparation, administration, and integration. Integration is commonly defined as the comprehension and effective application of insights from psychedelic experiences into everyday life. However, there is limited research regarding the most appropriate therapeutic approach during integration sessions in SAPT. In this article, we discuss the current evidence for different therapeutic frameworks for integrations sessions when serotonergic psychedelics and entactogens are used as adjuncts to psychotherapy. We conducted a systematized review of the literature following PRISMA guidelines and searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases. The final synthesis included 75 clinical trials, mixed-methods investigations, treatment manuals, study protocols, quasi-experiments, qualitative investigations, descriptive studies, opinion papers, reviews, books and book chapters, published until November 11, 2022. The effects that various therapeutic approaches for integration sessions have on therapeutic outcome have not been investigated by means of rigorous research. Most of the available evidence we retrieved was not supported by empirical data, thus limiting any conclusive statements regarding appropriate therapeutic frameworks for integration sessions for SAPT. Current clinical studies have used a range of therapeutic frameworks with the majority drawing from the humanistic-experiential tradition. While integration is regarded as crucial for the safe application of SAPTHowever, there is currently an insufficient evidence base to suggest that any type of therapy is most effective for guiding integration sessions. Systematic investigation of different therapeutic frameworks for integration and additional therapy-related factors is needed
Anticipatory freight selection in intermodal long-haul round-trips
We consider the planning problem faced by Logistic Service Providers (LSPs) transporting freights periodically, using long-haul round-trips. In each round-trip, freights are delivered and picked up at different locations within one region. Freights have time-windows and become known gradually over time. Using probabilistic knowledge about future freights, the LSP’s objective is to minimize costs over a multi-period horizon. We propose a look-ahead planning method using Approximate Dynamic Programming. Experiments show that our approach reduces costs up to 25.5% compared to a single-period optimization approach. We provide managerial insights for several intermodal long-haul round-trips settings and provide directions for further research
Depiction of pneumothoraces in a large animal model using x-ray dark-field radiography
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of x-ray dark-field radiography to detect pneumothoraces in a pig model. Eight pigs were imaged with an experimental grating-based large-animal dark-field scanner before and after induction of a unilateral pneumothorax. Image contrast-to-noise ratios between lung tissue and the air-filled pleural cavity were quantified for transmission and dark-field radiograms. The projected area in the object plane of the inflated lung was measured in dark-field images to quantify the collapse of lung parenchyma due to a pneumothorax. Means and standard deviations for lung sizes and signal intensities from dark-field and transmission images were tested for statistical significance using Student’s two-tailed t-test for paired samples. The contrast-to-noise ratio between the air-filled pleural space of lateral pneumothoraces and lung tissue was significantly higher in the dark-field (3.65 ± 0.9) than in the transmission images (1.13 ± 1.1; p = 0.002). In case of dorsally located pneumothoraces, a significant decrease (−20.5%; p > 0.0001) in the projected area of inflated lung parenchyma was found after a pneumothorax was induced. Therefore, the detection of pneumothoraces in x-ray dark-field radiography was facilitated compared to transmission imaging in a large animal model
Tabu assisted guided local search approaches for freight service network design
The service network design problem (SNDP) is a core problem in freight transportation. It involves the determination of the most cost-effective transportation network and the character- istics of the corresponding services, subject to various constraints. The scale of the problem in real-world applications is usually very large, especially when the network contains both the geographical information and the temporal constraints which are necessary for modelling mul- tiple service-classes and dynamic events. The development of time-efficient algorithms for this problem is, therefore, crucial for successful real-world applications. Earlier research indicated that guided local search (GLS) was a promising solution method for this problem. One of the advantages of GLS is that it makes use of both the information collected during the search as well as any special structures which are present in solutions. Building upon earlier research, this paper carries out in-depth investigations into several mechanisms that could potentially speed up the GLS algorithm for the SNDP. Specifically, the mechanisms that we have looked at in this paper include a tabu list (as used by tabu search), short-term memory, and an aspiration crite- rion. An efficient hybrid algorithm for the SNDP is then proposed, based upon the results of these experiments. The algorithm combines a tabu list within a multi-start GLS approach, with an efficient feasibility-repairing heuristic. Experimental tests on a set of 24 well-known service network design benchmark instances have shown that the proposed algorithm is superior to a previously proposed tabu search method, reducing the computation time by over a third. In ad- dition, we also show that far better results can be obtained when a faster linear program solver is adopted for the sub-problem solution. The contribution of this paper is an efficient algorithm, along with detailed analyses of effective mechanisms which can help to increase the speed of the GLS algorithm for the SNDP
A hyper-heuristic with two guidance indicators for bi-objective mixed-shift vehicle routing problem with time windows
In this paper, a Mixed-Shift Vehicle Routing Problem is proposed based on a real-life container transportation problem. In a long planning horizon of multiple shifts, transport tasks are completed satisfying the time constraints. Due to the different travel distances and time of tasks, there are two types of shifts (long shift and short shift) in this problem. The unit driver cost for long shifts is higher than that of short shifts. A mathematical model of this Mixed-Shift Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MS-VRPTW) is established in this paper, with two objectives of minimizing the total driver payment and the total travel distance. Due to the large scale and nonlinear constraints, the exact search showed is not suitable to MS-VRPTW. An initial solution construction heuristic (EBIH) and a selective perturbation Hyper-Heuristic (GIHH) are thus developed. In GIHH, five heuristics with different extents of perturbation at the low level are adaptively selected by a high level selection scheme with the Hill Climbing acceptance criterion. Two guidance indicators are devised at the high level to adaptively adjust the selection of the low level heuristics for this bi-objective problem. The two indicators estimate the objective value improvement and the improvement direction over the Pareto Front, respectively. To evaluate the generality of the proposed algorithms, a set of benchmark instances with various features is extracted from real-life historical datasets. The experiment results show that GIHH significantly improves the quality of the final Pareto Solution Set, outperforming the state-of-the-art algorithms for similar problems. Its application on VRPTW also obtains promising results
Depiction of pneumothoraces in a large animal model using x-ray dark-field radiography
The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of x-ray dark-field radiography to detect pneumothoraces in a pig model. Eight pigs were imaged with an experimental grating-based large-animal dark-field scanner before and after induction of a unilateral pneumothorax. Image contrast-tonoise ratios between lung tissue and the air-filled pleural cavity were quantified for transmission and dark-field radiograms. The projected area in the object plane of the inflated lung was measured in dark-field images to quantify the collapse of lung parenchyma due to a pneumothorax. Means and standard deviations for lung sizes and signal intensities from dark-field and transmission images were tested for statistical significance using Student's two-tailed t-test for paired samples. The contrast-to-noise ratio between the air-filled pleural space of lateral pneumothoraces and lung tissue was significantly higher in the dark-field (3.65 +/- 0.9) than in the transmission images (1.13 +/- 1.1;p = 0.002). In case of dorsally located pneumothoraces, a significant decrease (-20.5%;p > 0.0001) in the projected area of inflated lung parenchyma was found after a pneumothorax was induced. Therefore, the detection of pneumothoraces in x-ray dark-field radiography was facilitated compared to transmission imaging in a large animal model
X-ray dark-field imaging of the human lung-A feasibility study on a deceased body
Disorders of the lungs such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality and the third leading cause of death in the world. The absence of sensitive diagnostic tests for early disease stages of COPD results in under-diagnosis of this treatable disease in an estimated 60-85% of the patients. In recent years a grating-based approach to X-ray dark-field contrast imaging has shown to be very sensitive for the detection and quantification of pulmonary emphysema in small animal models. However, translation of this technique to imaging systems suitable for humans remains challenging and has not yet been reported. In this manuscript, we present the first X-ray dark-field images of in-situ human lungs in a deceased body, demonstrating the feasibility of X-ray dark-field chest radiography on a human scale. Results were correlated with findings of computed tomography imaging and autopsy. The performance of the experimental radiography setup allows acquisition of multi-contrast chest X-ray images within clinical boundary conditions, including radiation dose. Upcoming clinical studies will have to demonstrate that this technology has the potential to improve early diagnosis of COPD and pulmonary diseases in general
- …