Regulating nightlife, policing race: a critical exploration of public and private policing in a non-metropolitan setting

This thesis draws attention to the ways in which nightlife is constructed along white, local norms by those who have a responsibility for governing and managing nightlife. Situated within ‘Greenshire’, one of London’s home counties, this thesis draws upon direct observations and interviews with police officers, door staff, venue managers, police and local authority licensing officers and street pastors. The research contextualises understandings of race within the broader move from race to diversity, as exemplified by the Equality Act (2010), and supplemented by diversity training programmes and agendas put in place by many police forces across the UK. This thesis identifies several key findings. The language of diversity, and not race, operates to deny racism in the present and place racism in the past. Narrow understandings of racism as language, defined by what is said rather than what is done, and as a negative character trait, serve to reconstruct the police organisation as not institutionally racist. Despite this, this thesis reveals how stereotypes of the Black ‘gang’ member and the Gypsy and Traveller permeate the police’s attitudes and behaviours. Amongst both the official (‘public’) police and devolved (‘private’) policers of nightlife, understandings of racialized Others are informed by ideas of place and belonging. Black night-time participants from London are confined to attending ‘urban’ nights which are intensively governed and segregated to a small number of nightclubs across the county. Gypsy and Travellers also remain excluded from the main night-time high streets through historical policing practices referred to as ‘no no-ing’. This thesis uncovers how the night is constructed around the ideals of ‘acceptable whiteness’ (Bhopal, 2018, p. 29) in Greenshire, defined by forms of embodiment, practices, behaviours and temporal rhythms which are characteristically white and are deemed appropriate by the public and private police. These ideals inform licensing decisions, the policing of ‘the door’ and dancefloor, as well as the information shared between the public and private police. This thesis extends the literature on licensing practices (Talbot, 2004, Talbot 2006, Talbot, 2009, Talbot 2011) by drawing attention to how informal investigations into Temporary Event Notices are conducted by police and local authority licensing officers to determine the racialized nature of the night-time event which has been applied for. I reveal how the public police and some licence holders work together to assess the risk of night-time events, audiences and performers through a white lens which problematises Black performers, large Black crowds and Gypsy and Traveller clientele. Finally, this thesis argues that the public and private police draw upon a victim discourse to reframe themselves as the victims of accusations of racism at night, whilst Black and minority ethnic individuals are framed as problematic, illegitimate complainants

Fundamental investigations of the finite element solutions for acoustic propagation in ducts

The question of convergence of three finite element algorithms for the modelling of acoustic transmission in ducts carrying a nonuniform mean flow is addressed. The details of each algorithm are stated and example calculations in uniform and nonuniform ducts are made and assessed for accuracy and convergence. The algorithm based on the assumption of irrotationality is found to be highly convergent. This algorithm is the one used in current turbo-fan inlet acoustic radiation codes. A theoretical analysis indicating convergence is supported by example calculations. Two additional algorithms which do not require irrotationality are found to be less convergent, and perhaps not convergent at all for certain severely sheared velocity profiles. No theoretical convergence criteria can presently be established for these algorithms and convergence difficulties are shown here by example. Included in this class of algorithms is the duct analysis program ADAM which is known to display apparently nonconvergent solutions in certain cases

Meeting on BOBLME engagement in the International Indian Ocean Expedition 50th anniversary initiative (IIOE-2), Bangkok, Thailand, 17-18 March, 2015

Objectives included; a contribution to understanding large-scale processes affecting the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME) and it's living resources; and to align with International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE-2) (2015-2020) which will extensively explore and study the Indian Ocean to improve understanding of the ocean and coupled climate processes

Observations on the diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area

The problem of providing laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis of typhoid in an endemic area was considered. A consecutive series of pyrexial patients was studied clinically, by blood and stool culture, the Widal reaction, the Sclavo rapid slide test and the diazo reaction. High Widal titres at even very early stages of typhoid suggested an anamnestic response. However, few non-typhoid cases had detectable Widal titres, and it seems, therefore, that though post-typhoid levels of antibody may be very low or even undetectable, further contact gives rise to a secondary response. Diagnostic criteria based upon a single Widal reading should be established for endemic areas, since rising titres may not be demonstrable. Though the rapid slide tests and the diazo reaction may be of some use in screening procedures in non-endemic areas, the results in endemic areas are likely to be confusing.S. Afr. Med. J., 48, 1368 (1974)

A Novel Method for Prediction of Mobile Robot Maneuvering Spaces

As the operational uses of mobile robots continue to expand, it becomes useful to be able to predict the admissible maneuvering space to prevent the robot from executing unsafe maneuvers. A novel method is proposed to address this need by using force-moment diagrams to characterize the robot’s maneuvering space in terms of path curvature and curvature rate. Using the proposed superposition techniques, these diagrams can then be transformed in real-time to provide a representation of the permissible maneuvering space while allowing for changes in the robot’s loading and terrain conditions. Simulation results indicate that the technique can be applied to determine the appropriate maneuvering space for a given set of loading conditions, longitudinal acceleration, and tire-ground coefficient of friction. This may lead to potential expansion in the ability to integrate predictive vehicle dynamics into autonomous controllers for mobile robots and a corresponding potential to safely increase operating speeds

The evolution of inverted magnetic fields through the inner heliosphere

Local inversions are often observed in the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF), but their origins and evolution are not yet fully understood.Parker Solar Probe has recently observed rapid, Alfvénic, HMF inversions in the inner heliosphere, known as ‘switchbacks’, which have been interpreted as the possible remnants of coronal jets. It has also been suggested that inverted HMF may be produced by near-Sun interchange reconnection; a key process in mechanisms proposed for slow solar wind release. These cases suggest that the source of inverted HMF is near the Sun, and it follows that these inversions would gradually decay and straighten as they propagate out through the heliosphere. Alternatively, HMF inversions could form during solar wind transit, through phenomena such velocity shears, draping over ejecta, or waves and turbulence. Such processes are expected to lead to a qualitatively radial evolution of inverted HMF structures. Using Helios measurements spanning 0.3–1 AU, we examine the occurrence rate of inverted HMF, as well as other magnetic field morphologies, as a function of radial distance r, and find that it continually increases. This trend may be explained by inverted HMF observed between 0.3–1 AU being primarily driven by one or more of the above in-transit processes, rather than created at the Sun. We make suggestions as to the relative importance of these different processes based on the evolution of the magnetic field properties associated with inverted HMF. We also explore alternative explanations outside of our suggested driving processes which may lead to the observed trend

G91-1009 Getting Started in Ecofarming: Growing the Winter Wheat Crop

Cultural practices can improve the weed competitiveness of winter wheat in an ecofallow program, thus increasing the effectiveness of herbicides. Ecofarming is a popular conservation tillage practice used in Nebraska areas where winter wheat is produced. It requires a high degree of management, but the rewards through higher crop yields and erosion protection are worth the effort. In Nebraska the winter wheat-fallow rotation is the common rotation used in areas of less than 17 inches of rainfall, while in areas that receive 17 to 22 inches the winter wheat-corn or sorghum fallow rotation is most common. In 1988, 41 percent of the available wheat stubble fields in west central and southwest Nebraska and 11 percent in the Panhandle were sprayed with a herbicide after wheat harvest. In 1986 a field survey was taken one to two months after herbicides were applied after winter wheat harvest. Results indicated that many cultural practices greatly influenced weed control in the winter wheat stubble. The purpose of this NebGuide is to explain how some of these cultural practices can be used by farmers to improve the weed competitiveness of their winter wheat. Hence, when herbicides are used their effectiveness is increased

CC204 Revised 1969 Weed Control in Sugar Beets

Campaign Circular 204 Revised 1969 discusses weed control in sugar beets