A Comparison of Agricultural Sector Models: CRAM, DRAM, SASM and the KVL Model

Four different programming models dealing with the agricultural sectors in Canada, The Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark are analysed. The purpose is to construct a knowledge base for the development of a new sector model for Danish agriculture. This analysis has created a valuable set of resources for use in the development of the model.Agribusiness,

A Relatively Easy-Access Description of the Logistics, Purposes and Function of the Sector Model KRAM

This working paper describes the design of KRAM; a model of the Danish agricultural sector that has been developed in a research project at KVL between 1997 and 2000. The purpose of this paper is to give a general and non-technical overview of the model. The paper is directed at people who want a more detailed knowledge of the model, but without addressing the underlying formulas and programs. The paper focuses on the logistics of the model. This includes how data are produced and utilized within the model and how the various submodels are designed and work together. Furthermore the calibration and solving procedures and the time aspects of the models are described. Some of these descriptions may appear somewhat interim due to the fact that the model itself was not fully operational when this paper was published.Agribusiness,

Privatizing education: free school policy in Sweden and England

The aim of this article is to investigate why Sweden, the epitome of social democracy, has implemented education reforms leading to an extraordinary growth in Free Schools in contrast to liberal England, where Free School policy has been met with enormous resistance. Conventional wisdom would predict the contrary, but as a matter of fact Sweden has bypassed England by far in outsourcing schools to private providers. The comparative argument promulgated in this article is that the combination of three interconnected variables—(1) type of political system, (2) party policy changes along the Left-Right dimension, and (3) the responses of the Left toward market-led reforms of education—are key in explaining this difference in Sweden and England

KRAM - A Sector Model of Danish Agriculture: Background and Framework Development

This paper outlines a new spatial, nonlinear, programming model of the agricultural sector in Denmark. The KRAM model (KVL\u27s Rationalized Agricultural Model) optimizes production functions on a very disaggregated level, allowing for analysis of changes in physical constraints to production, as well as price changes. The model is dynamic, with a time horizon of 10 years. The structural development is determined endogenously using profits and a Markov chain model. The purpose of this paper is to place KRAM in a theoretical framework; future work will address the programming, calibration, and application of KRAM

Service Check on Pig and Cattle Farms - Establish the Visions

A service check for a farm is an interesting new way of advising farmers, which has proven very successful. The objective of a service check is to recognise potential improvements in the production using a holistic approach. Often a service check will try to establish the overall goals for the farmer’s family, the farmer and the farm. In order to do so, the farm is systematically analysed in order to establish strengths, weaknesses and possible paths of development. These issues are normally neglected in the day-today contact between the farmer and the usual adviser, and even far-reaching decisions are often taken without a decent analysis of the strategic goals. A service check involves a joint visit, where two experienced advisors visit the farm together. The advisors are normally an economic advisor and either a pig or cattle advisor, depending on the farm analysed. Usually, the farm’s normal advisors are not participating in the service check. The advisors bring an analysis of the economic and productivity data, and are presented to the farm. A normal service check will produce a report stating the current status, plans for the future and appointments for more specific advisory work that have been agreed upon. Despite the price of a service check, the product has been successful. Farmers achieve a better perspective of the strategic possibilities and limitations of their farm, and it becomes possible to establish realistic long-term goals for the farm development. The clarity improves the farmer’s self-confidence and the pleasure of work. Advisors are also satisfied, since the farmer will often initiate new projects after the service check, which in turn increases the demand for advisory services.Farm Management,

Practices of Dramaturgy Here, There, and Everywhere

As stated in the introduction to the book Dramaturgy : A Revolution in Theatre, Mary Luckhurst reflects eloquently on the problem: The meaning of the words dramaturg and dramaturgy are unstable, sometimes bitterly so - few terms in contemporary theater practice have consistently occasioned more perplexity. My initial thought about this was that I could surely come up with a clear and to the point explanation of my own after a bit of research and some practice in the field. throughout my reading and my own experience of dramaturgical work, I have discovered that I can be grouped among the mass amount of scholars whose writing on dramaturgy exceed what can be defined as concise. In order to contribute to the writing on dramaturgy and share my experience that has lead me to some conclusions about the work of a dramaturg, I first feel it necessary to introduce some of the things I have learned about the subject and its relationship to the professional world of theatre. In other words, I will try my best to define dramaturgy and the job of a dramaturg

Innsig av akkar, Todarodes sagittatus (Lamarck), til norskekysten høsten 1977 - våren 1978

After 1971 the squid T. sagittatus did not return to Norwegian coastal waters until the autumn of 1977. In August it was observed near Bergen and Cape Stad farther north, and in September in Vesterålen, North Norway. The fishery started in October in North Norway, lasting till November; near Cape Stad it lasted until the middle of March 1978. The fishery yielded about 200 tonnes. Single squid were still being caught in July. Material for investigation was collected from the fishery and during research cruises (Table 1). Results from earlier investigations (WIBORG 1972) were confirmed. The mean mantle length increased from 28 cm in October to 39 cm in March, the mean weight from 400 g to 1500 g in the same period. The liver weight was usually 10-1470 of the total weight, decreasing during winter. Near Cape Stad the squid had a higher weight percentage of liver, maximum 22, with averages of 14-15 in October, decreasing to 10-12 in January - March. The males constituted about 12-14% of the stock off North Norway in October, decreasing to 7-9% in November. Farther south, males were scarce, in some samples entirely absent. All squid were immature, but a female caught in May had nidamental glands 13 cm long, and eggs in the ovary were 1.2 - 1.5 mm in diameter, corresponding to developmental stage III (of four). The same food items were identified in the stomachs as earlier. Fish dominated, mostly herring and saithe, but squid were also usual. The shrimp (Crangon almanni) was very common in the stomachs during winter near Cape Stad. The degree of filling was as a rule low, but near Cape Stad nearly 30% of the stomachs were full or distended in October, making up to 17% of the total weight. Information on the occurrence of T. sagittatus in other areas is still scarce. None or very few are taken during the squid fisheries near Ireland and Spain. A few have been caught with pelagic trawls in the Bay of Biscay. Introduction of T. sagittatus as food and snacks on the Norwegian market has met with success. The consistency and taste is similar to that of other recognized species of squid. Experiments have shown that the meat may be deep-frozen, thawed and frozen again without reduction of the quality, and may also be used for a great variety of products and dishes. The fishery and fishing methods in Norway are still little developed. Use of sonar to locate the squid is suggested, and purse seining or use of a fish pump could supplement improved methods of jigging

Studies on the rare gas content of minerals and the atmosphere

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