Orientasi keberagamaan ekstrinsik dan fundamentalisme agama pada mahasiswa Muslim: Analisis dengan model Rasch

oai:ojs2.upyodha.com:article/4Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan antara orientasi keberagamaan ekstrinsik dan fundamentalisme agama pada kalangan mahasiswa Muslim. Hal yang membedakan penelitian ini dengan berbagai penelitian sebelumnya tentang fundamentalisme terletak pada perbedaan konseptual. Landasan awal dikembangkannya penelitian ini adalah pada lahirnya prasangka atas konsep fundamentalisme, khususnya pada kalangan muslim. Dalam kajian sebelumnya, peneliti telah mengembangkan konsep fundamentalisme dengan membaginya menjadi dua bentuk, yaitu fundamentalisme patologis dan fundamentalisme non-patologis. Fundamentalisme patologis mengacu pada sikap kaku, tertutup dan menolak perbedaan pada domain agama Islam yang sifatnya partial (furuu’). Fundamentalisme bentuk inilah yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini. Orientasi keberagamaan ekstrinsik dikembangkan berdasarkan definisi Allport & Ross (1967), namun dengan indikator-indikator yang disesuaikan pada konteks muslim. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model Rasch sebagai model pengukuran yang lebih kuat secara metodologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara orientasi keberagamaan ekstrinsik dan fundamentalisme agama pada kalangan mahasiswa Muslim dengan nilai R = 0,329 dan p = 0,002 (p<0,01)

PERILAKU AGRESIF ANGGOTA ORGANISASI EMASYARAKATAN (ORMAS) “X†DI PROVINSI D.I. YOGYAKARTA

AbstractThis research is aimed to understand psychological dynamics ofaggressive behaviors among the social organization’s membersinJogjakarta. This research usedqualitative approach. Respondents were the active members of the social organization (ormas) “X†in Jogjakarta. The result shows some factors that influence the aggressive behavior among the members, which are group influence, deindividuation, frustration, drug or alcoholic and physical environmental. The aggressive behaviors were done by the members of ormas “Xâ€are included physical and verbalaggression. Physical aggressionswere done by member of ormas “Xâ€such as destruction of public facilities, injuring another person and inter-group conflict. Verbal aggressionswere done by member of ormas “Xâ€such as harassment, oppression and intimidation to the victims. The aggressive behaviors among the member of ormas X were done spontaneously. On the other hand, aggression done by ormas “X†to other organization or group also includes an invisibility aggression such as refusing to supportother organization, rejection from agreement, and boycott the other’s activities.Keywords: aggressive behavior, social organization (ormas)

PERILAKU AGRESIF ANGGOTA ORGANISASI EMASYARAKATAN (ORMAS) “X” DI PROVINSI D.I. YOGYAKARTA

AbstractThis research is aimed to understand psychological dynamics ofaggressive behaviors among the social organization’s membersinJogjakarta. This research usedqualitative approach. Respondents were the active members of the social organization (ormas) “X” in Jogjakarta. The result shows some factors that influence the aggressive behavior among the members, which are group influence, deindividuation, frustration, drug or alcoholic and physical environmental. The aggressive behaviors were done by the members of ormas “X”are included physical and verbalaggression. Physical aggressionswere done by member of ormas “X”such as destruction of public facilities, injuring another person and inter-group conflict. Verbal aggressionswere done by member of ormas “X”such as harassment, oppression and intimidation to the victims. The aggressive behaviors among the member of ormas X were done spontaneously. On the other hand, aggression done by ormas “X” to other organization or group also includes an invisibility aggression such as refusing to supportother organization, rejection from agreement, and boycott the other’s activities.Keywords: aggressive behavior, social organization (ormas)

Orientasi Keberagamaan Ekstrinsik dan Fundamentalisme Agama pada Mahasiswa Muslim: Analisis dengan Model Rasch

oai:journal.ui.ac.id:article/7288Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan antara orientasi keberagamaan ekstrinsik dan fundamentalisme agama pada kalangan mahasiswa Muslim. Hal yang membedakan penelitian ini dengan berbagai penelitian sebelumnya tentang fundamentalisme terletak pada perbedaan konseptual. Landasan awal dikembangkannya penelitian ini adalah pada lahirnya prasangka atas konsep fundamentalisme, khususnya pada kalangan muslim. Dalam kajian sebelumnya, peneliti telah mengembangkan konsep fundamentalisme dengan membaginya menjadi dua bentuk, yaitu fundamentalisme patologis dan fundamentalisme non-patologis. Fundamentalisme patologis mengacu pada sikap kaku, tertutup dan menolak perbedaan pada domain agama Islam yang sifatnya partial (furuu’). Fundamentalisme bentuk inilah yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini. Orientasi keberagamaan ekstrinsik dikembangkan berdasarkan definisi Allport & Ross (1967), namun dengan indikator-indikator yang disesuaikan pada konteks muslim. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model Rasch sebagai model pengukuran yang lebih kuat secara metodologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara orientasi keberagamaan ekstrinsik dan fundamentalisme agama pada kalangan mahasiswa Muslim dengan nilai R = 0,329 dan p = 0,002 (p<0,01).  This research aims to understand the relationship between extrinsic religious orientation and religious fundamentalism among Muslim students in Indonesia. For the purpose of this study, we focuses on the pathological fundamentalism as opposed to non-pathological fundamentalism. Extrinsic religious orientation was developed based on the concept of Allport and Ross (1967) with a contextual indicators for Muslim in Indonesia. Data was analyzed by Rasch model to gain a logit score for variables. The correlation between two variables is emerged by using each the logit scores. The result of analysis showed a positive correlation between extrinsic religious orientation and religious fundamentalism among Muslim students with R = 0,329 (p<0,01).&nbsp

Dynamic Matrix of Extremisms and Terrorism (DMET): A Continuum Approach Towards Identifying Different Degrees of Extremisms

We propose to extend the current binary understanding of terrorism (versus non-terrorism) with a Dynamic Matrix of Extremisms and Terrorism (DMET). DMET considers the whole ecosystem of content and actors that can contribute to a continuum of extremism (e.g., right-wing, left-wing, religious, separatist, single-issue). It organizes levels of extremisms by varying degrees of ideological engagement and the presence of violence identified (e.g., partisan, fringe, violent extremism, terrorism) based on cognitive and behavioral cues and group dynamics. DMET is globally applicable due to its comprehensive conceptualization of the levels of extremisms. It is also dynamic, enabling iterative mapping with the region- and time-specific classifications of extremist actors. Once global actors recognize DMET types and their distinct characteristics, they can comprehensively analyze the profiles of extremist actors (e.g., individuals, groups, movements), track these respective actors and their activities (e.g., social media content) over time, and launch targeted counter activities (e.g. de-platforming, content moderation, or redirects to targeted CVE narratives).Comment: 39 page

Attitudes Toward and Experience With Assisted-Death Services and Psychological Implications for Health Practitioners: A Narrative Systematic Review

A narrative systematic review was conducted to review studies that examine mental health implications of involvement in assisted-death services among health practitioners. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included to understand health practitioners’ attitudes and experiences with assisted dying services, as well as to identify the mental health consequences. We identified 18 articles from 1591 articles drawn from seven major scientific databases (i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus). Two raters independently evaluated the exclusion and inclusion decisions of the articles and examined methodological flaws in the selected articles. We found that engagement in assisted death services were not reliably associated with mental health outcomes such as anxiety and moral distress. Both positive and negative outcomes were reported, and psychological outcomes for practitioners were shown to vary based on factors including social support for health practitioners’ views; their perceived capacity to care for the patients; and legislation.Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Onlin

Attitudes Toward and Experience With Assisted-Death Services and Psychological Implications for Health Practitioners: A Narrative Systematic Review

A narrative systematic review was conducted to review studies that examine mental health implications of involvement in assisted-death services among health practitioners. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included to understand health practitioners’ attitudes and experiences with assisted dying services, as well as to identify the mental health consequences. We identified 18 articles from 1591 articles drawn from seven major scientific databases (i.e., PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus). Two raters independently evaluated the exclusion and inclusion decisions of the articles and examined methodological flaws in the selected articles. We found that engagement in assisted death services were not reliably associated with mental health outcomes such as anxiety and moral distress. Both positive and negative outcomes were reported, and psychological outcomes for practitioners were shown to vary based on factors including social support for health practitioners’ views; their perceived capacity to care for the patients; and legislation