Pakningsdesign for insekter som mat

Denne oppgaven tar utgangspunkt i insekter som mat, med hensikt å utvikle et appellerende pakningsdesign. På grunn av verdens voksende befolkning vil det ikke ta få år før det tilslutt ikke er nok områder til å avle og dyrke opp mere mat. Derfor er insekter et godt alternativ, grunnet høyt næringsinnhold, oppdretten krever lite plass og vann, og det slipper ut lite klimagasser (Nrk). Matprodusenten Vågal vil lansere en matserie basert på insekter, med hensikt i å introdusere insekter som mat til det norske folk. Det langsiktige målet er å gjøre insekter til en ny matkultur i fremtiden. Matserien vil bestå av produktene mel, pasta og snacks, alle med sirisser som hovedingrediens. Vågals strategi er å sette blikkfanget bort fra selve insektene, og heller fokusere på produktfordelene. De vil vektlegge at produktene bla. er bærekraftige, naturlige, og har høyt næringsinnhold. Insekter som mat er fortsatt sett på som ekkelt i vesten, å må derfor introduseres på en forsiktig måte. Virkemiddelet til Vågal vil være kreativitet. De vil spille på en appellerende pakning, og et fengende navn. På den måten vil sjansen øke for at forbrukerne blir nysgjerrige

Engaging Ethnography: creative fieldwork in the everyday

Through inviting the tacit and the intuitive to be components of my anthropological research, Engaging Ethnography’s objective is to communicate, through corporeal and visually explorative means, the affective and aesthetic nature of the everyday. By projecting small-scale videos onto objects and spaces, my intent as artist-ethnographer is to highlight the embodied and expressive qualities of the liminal and transient spaces that characterize the everyday and our movement though it. Using creative production as a form of research, Engaging Ethnography uses anthropology and media art in order to create a hybrid form of engagement, that of ‘creative fieldwork.’ This interdisciplinary model is an attempt to bring the visual into the ethnographic in order to bridge the gap between research and representation while also expanding the range of materials and methods used to engage in ethnography

Tilhørighet gir trygghet og tiltakslyst: Organisasjonsidentifikasjon og ytringsklima i hotellbransjen.

I denne bacheloroppgaven ønsker vi å se nærmere på om det er en sammenheng mellom organisasjonsidentifikasjon og ytringsklima i hotellbransjen. Oppgaven vil ta for seg denne sammenhengen i lys av tidligere forskningsrapporter fra flere verdensdeler (Kassing, 2000) (Yao et al., 2019) (Tinwala og Biswas, 2020) med beste evne har vi prøvd å knytte disse rapportene opp mot vår egen forskningsrapport i Norge.In this bachelor thesis we wish to see if there is a connection between organizational identification and freedom of speech at work in the hotel business. This thesis looks at this connection considering previous research from different parts of the world (Kassing, 2000) (Yao et al., 2019) (Tinwala og Biswas, 2020), compared to the results of our own research in Norway

Tilhørighet gir trygghet og tiltakslyst: Organisasjonsidentifikasjon og ytringsklima i hotellbransjen.

I denne bacheloroppgaven ønsker vi å se nærmere på om det er en sammenheng mellom organisasjonsidentifikasjon og ytringsklima i hotellbransjen. Oppgaven vil ta for seg denne sammenhengen i lys av tidligere forskningsrapporter fra flere verdensdeler (Kassing, 2000) (Yao et al., 2019) (Tinwala og Biswas, 2020) med beste evne har vi prøvd å knytte disse rapportene opp mot vår egen forskningsrapport i Norge.In this bachelor thesis we wish to see if there is a connection between organizational identification and freedom of speech at work in the hotel business. This thesis looks at this connection considering previous research from different parts of the world (Kassing, 2000) (Yao et al., 2019) (Tinwala og Biswas, 2020), compared to the results of our own research in Norway

Cadmium, lead and mercury in Norwegian obese patients before and 12 months after bariatric surgery

Purpose Previous studies have suggested a role for the toxic elements lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) in the development of insulin resistance and hypertension. Increased blood Pb levels have been reported after bariatric surgery and weight loss. As about 80% of patients undergoing bariatric surgery are women, most of them of childbearing age, there are concerns regarding fetal exposure to toxic trace elements. We measured whole blood Hg, Pb and Cd concentrations in morbidly obese patients before and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Patients and methods Forty-six patients eligible for bariatric surgery were recruited at Innlandet Hospital Trust, Norway (2012–2014). The majority were women and 54% were of reproductive age. Whole blood samples were collected prior to and 12 months after surgery. Trace element concentrations were measured using mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Results Median whole blood Pb concentrations increased by 73% during the 12 months study period while Hg and Cd decreased by 31% and 27%, respectively. We found a negative correlation between Pb levels before surgery and BMI (p = 0.02). Before surgery patients with hypertension had significantly higher median whole blood Hg levels compared to patients with normal blood pressure (p < 0.001). Conclusion One year after bariatric surgery, the median whole blood Pb concentration was increased, while Hg and Cd concentrations were decreased. The majority of bariatric surgery patients are women of reproductive age and weight loss is associated with improved fertility. As even low dose Pb exposure during fetal life is associated with negative effects on the central nervous system, the observed increase in whole blood Pb after weight loss causes concern. Further studies are needed to elucidate these observations.submittedVersionpublishedVersio

The effect of ApoE e4 on blood pressure in patients with and without depression

This is an Open Access article licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0) and originally published in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. You can access the article by following this link: https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S106933Dette er en vitenskapelig, fagfellevurdert artikkel som opprinnelig ble publisert i Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. Artikkelen er publisert under lisensen Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC BY 3.0). Du kan også få tilgang til artikkelen ved å følge denne lenken: https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S106933Introduction: Depression is considered an independent risk factor for hypertension, particularly for people with recurrent episodes or a long history of depression. Another risk factor for cardiovascular disease is the Apolipoprotein E e4 allele (ApoE e4). The aim of this study was to examine how ApoE e4 was related to blood pressure (BP) in patients with depression and a control group. Methods: A total of 78 patients, 49 with depression and 29 without, all recruited from the same hospital, underwent ApoE e genotyping (24 had at least one ApoE e4 allele) and examination of BP. Results: In the depression group, but not in the control group, both systolic and diastolic BP were significantly higher in patients with ApoE e4 than in those without. The effect of ApoE e4 on BP differed significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: Our findings showed that the effect of ApoE e4 on BP differed between the patients with depression and the control group. In patients with depression, ApoE e4 was associated with an increase in BP. We suggest that patients with depression and ApoE e4-positive status are particularly prone to develop BP elevation

Simulation of an Electrostatic Energy Harvester at Large Amplitude Narrow and Wide Band Vibrations

An electrostatic in-plane overlap varying energy harvester is modeled and simulated using a circuit simulator. Both linear and nonlinear models are investigated. The nonlinear model includes mechanical stoppers at the displacement extremes. Large amplitude excitation signals, both narrow and wide band, are used to emulate environmental vibrations. Nonlinear behavior is significant at large displacement due to the impact on mechanical stoppers. For a sinusoidal excitation the mechanical stoppers cause the output power to flatten and weakly decrease. For a wide band excitation, the output power first increases linearly with the power spectral density of the input signal, then grows slower than linearly

Associations among nutrient concentration, silage fermentation products, in vivo organic matter digestibility, rumen fermentation and in vitro methane yield in 78 grass silages

Grass-clover silage constitutes a large part of ruminant diets in Northern and Western Europe, but the impact of silage quality on methane (CH4) production is largely unknown. This study was conducted to identify the quality attributes of grass silage associated with variation in CH4 yield. We expected that silage nutrient concentrations and silage fermentation products would affect CH4 yield, and that these factors could be used to predict the methanogenic potential of the si-lages. Round bales (n = 78) of grass and grass-clover silage from 37 farms in Norway were sampled, incubated, and screened for in vitro CH4 yield, i.e. CH4 production expressed on the basis of incubated organic matter (CH4-OM) and digestible OM (CH4-dOM) using sheep. Concentration of indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) was quantified using the in situ technique. The data were subjected to correlation and principal component analyses. Stepwise multiple regression was used to model methanogenic potential of silages. Among all investigated silage composition variables, neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) and water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentra-tions obtained the greatest correlations to CH4-OM (r =-0.63 and r = 0.57, respectively, P < 0.001), while concentration of iNDF negatively correlated with CH4-OM (r =-0.48, P < 0.001). In vivo organic matter digestibility (OMD) and concentration of ammonia-N (NH3-N) in silages were also correlated to CH4-OM (r = 0.44 and r =-0.32, P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively). The stepwise regression using CH4-OM as response variable included aNDFom, WSC, iNDF, silage propionic acid and pH in descending order. The stepwise regression using CH4-dOM as response variable included WSC, aNDFom and iNDF in descending order. Among in vitro rumen short chain fatty acids (SCFA), molar proportion of butyrate was the most prominent in increasing CH4-OM and CH4-dOM (r = 0.23 and r = 0.36, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), while molar proportion of propionate was the most prominent SCFA in reducing CH4-OM and CH4-dOM (r =-0.23 and r =-0.26, respectively, P < 0.05). Regression models that account for silage quality attributes can be used to predict CH4 yield from silages with a coefficient of determination (R-2) between 0.33 (CH4-dOM) and 0.65 (CH4-OM). In conclusion, concentration of WSC increased in vitro CH4-OM and CH4-dOM, while concentration of aNDFom and iNDF decreased CH4-OM and CH4-dOM in grass silages

Irisin in Blood Increases Transiently after Single Sessions of Intense Endurance Exercise and Heavy Strength Training

Abstract Purpose Irisin is a recently identified exercise-induced hormone that increases energy expenditure, at least in rodents. The main purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that Irisin increases acutely in blood after singular sessions of intense endurance exercise (END) and heavy strength training (STR). Secondary, we wanted to explore the relationship between body composition and exercise-induced effects on irisin, and the effect of END and STR on muscular expression of the irisin gene FNDC5. Methods Nine moderately trained healthy subjects performed three test days using a randomized and standardized crossover design: one day with 60 minutes of END, one day with 60 minutes of STR, and one day without exercise (CON). Venous blood was sampled over a period of 24h on the exercise days. Results Both END and STR led to transient increases in irisin concentrations in blood, peaking immediately after END and one hour after STR, before gradually returning to baseline. Irisin responses to STR, but not END, showed a consistently strong negative correlation with proportions of lean body mass. Neither END nor STR affected expression of FNDC5, measured 4h after training sessions, though both protocols led to pronounced increases in PGC-1α expression, which is involved in transcriptional control of FNDC5. Conclusion The results strongly suggest that single sessions of intense endurance exercise and heavy strength training lead to transient increases in irisin concentrations in blood. This was not accompanied by increased FNDC5 expression, measured 4h post-exercise. The results suggest that irisin responses to resistance exercise are higher in individuals with lower proportions of lean body mass

Norwegian mastitis control programme

This paper describes the methods and results of the Norwegian Mastitis Control Program implemented in 1982. The program has formed an integral part of the Norwegian Cattle Health Services (NCHS) since 1995. The NCHS also have specific programs for milk fever, ketosis, reproduction and calf diseases. The goal of the program is to improve udder health by keeping the bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) low, to reduce the use of antibiotics, to keep the cost of mastitis low at herd level and improve the consumers' attitude to milk products. In 1996, a decision was made to reduce the use of antibiotics in all animal production enterprises in Norway by 25% within five years. Relevant data has been collected through the Norwegian Cattle Herd Recording System (NCHRS); including health records since 1975 and somatic cell count (SCC) data since 1980. These data have been integrated within the NCHRS. Since 2000, mastitis laboratory data have also been included in the NCHRS. Data on clinical disease, SCC and mastitis bacteriology have been presented to farmers and advisors in monthly health periodicals since 1996, and on the internet since 2005. In 1996, Norwegian recommendations on the treatment of mastitis were implemented. Optimal milking protocols and milking machine function have been emphasised and less emphasis has been placed on dry cow therapy. A selective dry cow therapy program (SDCTP) was implemented in 2006, and is still being implemented in new areas. Research demonstrates that the rate of clinical mastitis could be reduced by 15% after implementing SDCTP. The results so far show a 60% reduction in the clinical treatment of mastitis between 1994 and 2007, a reduction in BMSCC from 250,000 cells/ml to 114,000 cells/ml, and a total reduction in the mastitis cost from 0.23 NOK to 0.13 NOK per litre of milk delivered to the processors, corresponding to a fall from 9.2% to 1.7% of the milk price, respectively. This reduction is attributed to changes in attitude and breeding, eradicating bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and a better implementation of mastitis prevention programmes