843 research outputs found
Neutrino Oscillations Induced by Gravitational Recoil Effects
Quantum gravitational fluctuations of the space-time background, described by
virtual D branes, may induce neutrino oscillations if a tiny violation of the
Lorentz invariance (or a violation of the equivalence principle) is imposed. In
this framework, the oscillation length of massless neutrinos turns out to be
proportional to M/E^2, where E is the neutrino energy and M is the mass scale
characterizing the topological fluctuations in the vacuum. Such a functional
dependence on the energy is the same obtained in the framework of loop quantum
gravity.Comment: 5 pages, LaTex fil
Dynamical Formation of Horizons in Recoiling D Branes
A toy calculation of string/D-particle interactions within a world-sheet
approach indicates that quantum recoil effects - reflecting the gravitational
back-reaction on space-time foam due to the propagation of energetic particles
- induces the appearance of a microscopic event horizon, or `bubble', inside
which stable matter can exist. The scattering event causes this horizon to
expand, but we expect quantum effects to cause it to contract again, in a
`bounce' solution. Within such `bubbles', massless matter propagates with an
effective velocity that is less than the velocity of light in vacuo, which may
lead to observable violations of Lorentz symmetry that may be tested
experimentally. The conformal invariance conditions in the interior geometry of
the bubbles select preferentially three for the number of the spatial
dimensions, corresponding to a consistent formulation of the interaction of D3
branes with recoiling D particles, which are allowed to fluctuate independently
only on the D3-brane hypersurface.Comment: 25 pages LaTeX, 4 eps figures include
Physics in the Real Universe: Time and Spacetime
The Block Universe idea, representing spacetime as a fixed whole, suggests
the flow of time is an illusion: the entire universe just is, with no special
meaning attached to the present time. This view is however based on
time-reversible microphysical laws and does not represent macro-physical
behaviour and the development of emergent complex systems, including life,
which do indeed exist in the real universe. When these are taken into account,
the unchanging block universe view of spacetime is best replaced by an evolving
block universe which extends as time evolves, with the potential of the future
continually becoming the certainty of the past. However this time evolution is
not related to any preferred surfaces in spacetime; rather it is associated
with the evolution of proper time along families of world linesComment: 28 pages, including 9 Figures. Major revision in response to referee
comment
Thermal properties of spacetime foam
Spacetime foam can be modeled in terms of nonlocal effective interactions in
a classical nonfluctuating background. Then, the density matrix for the
low-energy fields evolves, in the weak-coupling approximation, according to a
master equation that contains a diffusion term. Furthermore, it is argued that
spacetime foam behaves as a quantum thermal field that, apart from inducing
loss of coherence, gives rise to effects such as gravitational Lamb and Stark
shifts as well as quantum damping in the evolution of the low-energy
observables. These effects can be, at least in principle, experimentally
tested.Comment: RevTeX 3.01, 11 pages, no figure
Testing A (Stringy) Model of Quantum Gravity
I discuss a specific model of space-time foam, inspired by the modern
non-perturbative approach to string theory (D-branes). The model views our
world as a three brane, intersecting with D-particles that represent stringy
quantum gravity effects, which can be real or virtual. In this picture, matter
is represented generically by (closed or open) strings on the D3 brane
propagating in such a background. Scattering of the (matter) strings off the
D-particles causes recoil of the latter, which in turn results in a distortion
of the surrounding space-time fluid and the formation of (microscopic, i.e.
Planckian size) horizons around the defects. As a mean-field result, the
dispersion relation of the various particle excitations is modified, leading to
non-trivial optical properties of the space time, for instance a non-trivial
refractive index for the case of photons or other massless probes. Such models
make falsifiable predictions, that may be tested experimentally in the
foreseeable future. I describe a few such tests, ranging from observations of
light from distant gamma-ray-bursters and ultra high energy cosmic rays, to
tests using gravity-wave interferometric devices and terrestrial particle
physics experients involving, for instance, neutral kaons.Comment: 25 pages LATEX, four figures incorporated, uses special proceedings
style. Invited talk at the third international conference on Dark Matter in
Astro and Particle Physics, DARK2000, Heidelberg, Germany, July 10-15 200
Loop Quantum Cosmology I: Kinematics
The framework of quantum symmetry reduction is applied to loop quantum
gravity with respect to transitively acting symmetry groups. This allows to
test loop quantum gravity in a large class of minisuperspaces and to
investigate its features - e.g. the discrete volume spectrum - in certain
cosmological regimes. Contrary to previous studies of quantum cosmology
(minisuperspace quantizations) the symmetry reduction is carried out not at the
classical level but on an auxiliary Hilbert space of the quantum theory before
solving the constraints. Therefore, kinematical properties like volume
quantization survive the symmetry reduction. In this first part the kinematical
framework, i.e. implementation of the quantum symmetry reduction and
quantization of Gauss and diffeomorphism constraints, is presented for Bianchi
class A models as well as locally rotationally symmetric and spatially
isotropic closed and flat models.Comment: 24 page
The Paradox of Virtual Dipoles in the Einstein Action
The functional integral of pure Einstein 4D quantum gravity admits abnormally
large and long-lasting "dipolar fluctuations", generated by virtual sources
with the property Int d^4x Sqrt{g(x)} Tr T(x) = 0. These fluctuations would
exist also at macroscopic scales, with paradoxical consequences. We set out
their general features and give numerical estimates of possible suppression
processes.Comment: LaTeX, 5 pages; reference adde
Spin Flavor Conversion of Neutrinos in Loop Quantum Gravity
Loop quantum gravity theory incorporates a new scale length which
induces a Lorentz invariance breakdown. This scale can be either an universal
constant or can be fixed by the momentum of particles ().
Effects of the scale parameter and helicity terms occurring in the
dispersion relation of fermions are reviewed in the framework of spin-flip
conversion of neutrino flavors.Comment: 7 pages, no figur
Square Root Actions, Metric Signature, and the Path-Integral of Quantum Gravity
We consider quantization of the Baierlein-Sharp-Wheeler form of the
gravitational action, in which the lapse function is determined from the
Hamiltonian constraint. This action has a square root form, analogous to the
actions of the relativistic particle and Nambu string. We argue that
path-integral quantization of the gravitational action should be based on a
path integrand rather than the familiar Feynman expression
, and that unitarity requires integration over manifolds of both
Euclidean and Lorentzian signature. We discuss the relation of this path
integral to our previous considerations regarding the problem of time, and
extend our approach to include fermions.Comment: 32 pages, latex. The revision is a more general treatment of the
regulator. Local constraints are now derived from a requirement of regulator
independenc
A Non - Singular Cosmological Model with Shear and Rotation
We have investigated a non-static and rotating model of the universe with an
imperfect fluid distribution. It is found that the model is free from
singularity and represents an ever expanding universe with shear and rotation
vanishing for large value of time.Comment: 10 pages, late
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