Asymptotic behavior of a flat plate wake

An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the far-field, self-similar properties of a flat plate wake. A plane turbulent wake was generated at the trailing edge of a smooth splitter plate separating two legs of a Mixing Layer Wind Tunnel, with both initial boundary layers tripped. For the present study, both legs were operated at a free-steam velocity in the test section of 15 m/s, giving a Reynolds number based on wake momentum thickness of about 1750. Single profile measurements were obtained at five streamwise locations using a Pitot probe for the mean velocity measurements and a single cross-wire probe for the turbulence data, which included statistics up to third order. The mean flow data indicated a self-similar behavior beyond a streamwise distance equivalent to about 350 wake momentum thicknesses. However, the turbulence data show better collapse beyond a distance equivalent to about 500 momentum thicknesses, with all the measured peak Reynolds stresses achieving constant, asymptotic levels. The asymptotic mean flow behavior and peak primary stress levels agree well with theoretical predictions based on a constant eddy viscosity model. The present data also agree reasonably well with previous measurements, of which only one set extends into the self-similar region. Detailed comparisons with previous data are presented and discussed in this report

Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation for Explaining Deep Neural Network Decisions in MRI-Based Alzheimer's Disease Classification

Deep neural networks have led to state-of-the-art results in many medical imaging tasks including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) detection based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. However, the network decisions are often perceived as being highly non-transparent, making it difficult to apply these algorithms in clinical routine. In this study, we propose using layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) to visualize convolutional neural network decisions for AD based on MRI data. Similarly to other visualization methods, LRP produces a heatmap in the input space indicating the importance/relevance of each voxel contributing to the final classification outcome. In contrast to susceptibility maps produced by guided backpropagation (“Which change in voxels would change the outcome most?”), the LRP method is able to directly highlight positive contributions to the network classification in the input space. In particular, we show that (1) the LRP method is very specific for individuals (“Why does this person have AD?”) with high inter-patient variability, (2) there is very little relevance for AD in healthy controls and (3) areas that exhibit a lot of relevance correlate well with what is known from literature. To quantify the latter, we compute size-corrected metrics of the summed relevance per brain area, e.g., relevance density or relevance gain. Although these metrics produce very individual “fingerprints” of relevance patterns for AD patients, a lot of importance is put on areas in the temporal lobe including the hippocampus. After discussing several limitations such as sensitivity toward the underlying model and computation parameters, we conclude that LRP might have a high potential to assist clinicians in explaining neural network decisions for diagnosing AD (and potentially other diseases) based on structural MRI data

Rapid Decay for Principal \'Etale Groupoids

This work concerns a generalization of property (RD) from discrete groups to \'etale groupoids. We show that, under the assumption that our groupoid is principal, property (RD) is equivalent to polynomial growth. This generalizes a result of Chen and Wei concerning rapid decay for metric spaces with bounded geometry. Additonally, some permanence properties of groupoid (RD) are established.Comment: 15 pages, comments welcome

A COMPREHENSIVE MULTI-LEVEL APPROACH TO INCREASING HPV VACCINATION RATES IN RURAL KENTUCKY

The Graves County Health Department (GCHD) proposes implementation of a multi-level approach to increase Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in Graves County, KY. The approach utilizes multiple evidence-based strategies, including Assessment, Feedback, Incentive, Exchange (AFIX), Vaccines for Children (VFC), Kentucky Immunization Registry (KIR), Comprehensive Clinic Assessment Application (CoCASA), and vaccines per protocol. This proposed project utilizes family medicine and pediatric clinics, pharmacies, and school nurses to deliver the intervention to the target population, which includes 11-12-year-old adolescents residing in Graves County. The objectives of this HPV vaccination-focused intervention align with Healthy People 2020 goals and objectives, the 2012-2013 President’s Cancer Panel report, and the overall mission of GCHD. Implementation of this program will be guided by a local community advisory group (CAG) consisting of physicians, pharmacists, nurses, parents, and religious leaders. The direct, short term goals of this program include increasing countylevel HPV vaccination rates. The indirect, long term impact for this program includes sustained collaboration among health care providers, greater public acceptance of the HPV vaccine, greater public acceptance of vaccine administration at pharmacies, and more efficient use of health care resources. Evaluation of the program is integrated into the work plan and results will be disseminated via multiple lay and scientific outlets

Book Review

Reviewing Hon. Arthur Vanderbilt, Cases and Other Materials on Modern Procedure and Judicial Administratio

Organization of Courts by Roscoe Pound

Review of "The Law in Quest of Itself by Lon L. Fuller" by Carl V. Weygand

Basic Social Skills : The Characteristics of a Proactive Autonomous Language Learner

This is a qualitative case study conducted over the course of approximately three years (2010-2012). The researchers interviewed two Japanese university students to gain an understanding of their university experience as it related to becoming proactive autonomous language learners. The Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology have emphasized the need for Japanese university students to develop proactive autonomous behavior in order to be effective in the global economy. The present research study explores the experiences of Japanese university students and their journey to becoming proactive autonomous learners. The qualitative data from the interviews describes the changes which took place during their university experiences. Three themes are described including: direct instruction, public speaking activities, and examples of proactive autonomous behavior. Recommendations for further research are given

Struck Down \u3ci\u3eand\u3c/i\u3e Not Destroyed: A New Way to Carry Trauma

There seems to be an assumption in many Christian communities that suggest people should avoid the experience of pain and suffering. This is often communicated by encouraging those who grapple with difficult realities to have a positive perspective or attitude. As a future leader in the Church, I am concerned about the negative impact of this message on the emotional and spiritual health of people. I am specifically concerned about those who engage in the arduous work of reconciliation and peacemaking and how they can survive the inevitable pain and difficulty of this work over an extended period of time, when this is the message that is given so prevalent to them. Is there a theological perspective that addresses and gives insight into how people can experience these places of desolation without succumbing to despair or having to deny the reality of their grief? In her book The Very Good Gospel, Lisa Sharon Harper writes, “The good news of my gospel doesn’t feel good enough… The best that human peace can offer is broken peace.” This quote speaks to the reality of my experience of frustration and hopelessness in Christian peace efforts—the best we can do is still broken, and that doesn’t feel good enough. On the other hand, as a Christian, I theologically know that God’s shalom is perfectly enough, but we exist in the liminal space between our desolation and the knowledge of shalom. So what do we do in the in between? How do we exist in this liminal space knowing that our efforts for peace are insufficient? How do we sustainably live in desolation— exist in the liminal space— without it breaking us? Must we accept our desolation and settle for broken peace? Is there anything redemptive to be gained through the experience of desolation? The apostle Paul seems to address and understand the way in which we can experience desolation without despair. He says, “We are afflicted in every way, but not crushed; perplexed, but not driven to despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed; always carrying in the body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be made visible in our bodies” (2 Cor. 4:8-10 ESV). Therefore, I believe that it is possible for those who are in desolate places to experience life, and the answer may be that the goodness of our gospel is in its proximity to desolation. In times of desolation, people may not need the good news of the gospel to feel “good enough,” as Harper puts it. Instead, this thesis will propose an understanding of a gospel that is proximate to the pain of our world. A “proximate gospel” is a good gospel, it’s a shalom that meets us in our desolate places. The goodness of God stands in direct opposition to desolation, and yet remains proximate and sustaining. This thesis project will discover a new way for Christians engaged in the work of reconciliation and peacemaking to live in the desolation of human efforts and broken peace while still experiencing God’s ultimate shalom. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis project is to explore the question, “What are the practices that empower Christian reconcilers and peacemakers, in areas prone to trauma, to carry pain differently and experience the reality of a God who is proximate in times of desolation?