26 research outputs found
Methyl 1-{4-[(S)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-3,6-dioxocyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl}pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate
The complete molecule of the title diproline ester quinone, C18H22N2O6, is generated by a crystallographic twofold axis, which passes through the centre of the benzene ring. Both –CO2Me groups are orientated to the same side of the benzene ring, with the carbonyl groups pointing roughly towards each other. The conformation of the proline residue is an envelope. In the crystal, a three-dimensional network is sustained by C—H⋯O interactions involving both the quinone and carbonyl O atoms
1-[(4-tert-Butylphenyl)sulfonyl]-1H-benzimidazole
The title compound, C17H18N2O2S, was synthesized by arylsulfonylation of 1-hydroxymethyl-1H-benzimidazole in the presence of triethylamine. The benzimidazole and benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 84.1 (1)°. The tert-butyl group was treated as rotationally disordered over two orientations in a 0.51 (2):0.49 (2) ratio. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains propagating in [010]
How many bird and mammal extinctions has recent conservation action prevented?
Aichi Target 12 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) contains the aim to ‘prevent extinctions of known threatened species’. To measure the degree to which this was achieved, we used expert elicitation to estimate the number of bird and mammal species whose extinctions were prevented by conservation action in 1993–2020 (the lifetime of the CBD) and 2010–2020 (the timing of Aichi Target 12). We found that conservation action prevented 21–32 bird and 7–16 mammal extinctions since 1993, and 9–18 bird and two to seven mammal extinctions since 2010. Many remain highly threatened and may still become extinct. Considering that 10 bird and five mammal species did go extinct (or are strongly suspected to) since 1993, extinction rates would have been 2.9–4.2 times greater without conservation action. While policy commitments have fostered significant conservation achievements, future biodiversity action needs to be scaled up to avert additional extinctions
Managerial Hubris, Trade-Associations, and Regulatory Knowledge in Micro-Firms
To avoid breaking the law for regulatory non-compliance, it is essential that micro-firm owner-managers are aware of deficiencies in their knowledge, so that they can seek improvement and avoid over-confidence (i.e. hubris) in their knowledge levels. Using newly collected survey data from micro-firms in the English accommodation sector and multivariate techniques, the authors explore the possibility of hubris by making a novel distinction between the Perceived-Knowledge and Actual-Knowledge of regulation held by micro-firm owner-managers. Both Perceived-Knowledge (from self-assessment) and Actual-Knowledge (from a simple test) over four core areas of regulation are found to be different, generally poor and suggestive of hubris. The relationship between these knowledge levels is further explored by considering the role of trade association membership (since they support members) and attitude (since it effects learning). Attitude is found to be positively associated with both forms of knowledge, while trade association memberships are also found to be associated with enhanced Perceived-Knowledge, but not Actual-Knowledge. In light of the results, the authors suggest several priority areas for improving Actual-Knowledge and self-assessment skills, and areas for future research.</p
How many bird and mammal extinctions has recent conservation action prevented?
Aichi Target 12 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims to ‘prevent extinctions of known threatened species’. To measure its success, we used a Delphi expert elicitation method to estimate the number of bird and mammal species whose extinctions were prevented by conservation action in 1993 - 2020 (the lifetime of the CBD) and 2010 - 2020 (the timing of Aichi Target 12). We found that conservation prevented 21–32 bird and 7–16 mammal extinctions since 1993, and 9–18 bird and 2–7 mammal extinctions since 2010. Many remain highly threatened, and may still become extinct in the near future. Nonetheless, given that ten bird and five mammal species did go extinct (or are strongly suspected to) since 1993, extinction rates would have been 2.9–4.2 times greater without conservation action. While policy commitments have fostered significant conservation achievements, future biodiversity action needs to be scaled up to avert additional extinctions
How many bird and mammal extinctions has recent conservation action prevented?
Aichi Target 12 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) contains the
aim to ‘prevent extinctions of known threatened species’. To measure the degree
to which this was achieved, we used expert elicitation to estimate the number
of bird and mammal species whose extinctions were prevented by conservation
action in 1993–2020 (the lifetime of the CBD) and 2010–2020 (the timing of Aichi
Target 12). We found that conservation action prevented 21–32 bird and 7–16
mammal extinctions since 1993, and 9–18 bird and two to seven mammal extinctions
since 2010. Many remain highly threatened and may still become extinct.
Considering that 10 bird and five mammal species did go extinct (or are strongly
suspected to) since 1993, extinction rates would have been 2.9–4.2 times greater
without conservation action. While policy commitments have fostered significant
conservation achievements, future biodiversity action needs to be scaled up
to avert additional extinctions.https://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/conlMammal Research Institut