568 research outputs found
A field full of researchers: fieldwork as a collective experience
A version of this paper was originally written for a plenary session about "The Futures of Ethnography" at the 1998 EASA conference in Frankfurt/Main. In the preparation of the paper, I sent out some questions to my former fellow researchers by e-mail. I thank Douglas Anthony, Jan-Patrick HeiĂ, Alaine Hutson, Matthias Krings, and Brian Larkin for their answers
Institutions in the Mekong Delta of Cambodia: findings from a situation analysis
This paper focuses on property rights and collective action in the Mekong region of Cambodia. Institutional arrangements in water management for community-based aquaculture in two villages in the Mekong area of Cambodia are described.Water management, ISEW, Cambodia,
Twenty years later: migration, inter-ethnic relations and land rights in new settlements in Burkina Faso and Nigeria
The paper presents two case studies from Nigeria and Burkina Faso, that differ in many respects, but show also some significant similarities. In both cases, previously existing claims on land were not recognised by the national authorities who implemented development projects. But as a contrast, in the Nigerian case people had to move out of the territories that were now claimed by the state, whereas in the Burkina case people were brought into an area that was declared state property. As a result in both cases, this had specific implications for the inter-ethnic relations in the respective regions. In Nigeria, Kanuri farmers moved to new fertile areas that incidentally emerged parallel to the development efforts of the state
Governance of Inter-Sectoral Water Re-allocation within the Context of Urbanization in Hyderabad. Using the Institutions of Sustainability (IoS) framework
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
Review: Benjamin Rubbers, Le paternalisme en question: les anciens ouvriers de la Gécamines face à la libéralisation du secteur minier katangais (RD Congo) (2013)
Review of the monograph: Benjamin Rubbers, Le paternalisme en question: Les anciens ouvriers de la GĂ©camines face Ă la libĂ©ralisation du secteur minier katangais (RD Congo), Cahiers africains, 81, Tervuren: MusĂ©e royal de lâAfrique centrale / Paris: LâHarmattan, 2013, ISBN: 9782343002385, 315 pp
Institutionelle Arrangements im kollektiven Management natĂŒrlicher Ressourcen im Mekong Delta von Kambodscha und Vietnam.
In the Mekong Delta of Cambodia and Vietnam, property rights on water and land change with the seasonally occurring flood. Land is usually cultivated on an individual basis with people holding at least private use rights to the parcels. In contrast, water is a public good and as soon as water covers the individual plots, the streams, lakes and reservoirs are legally accessed by many households using the water for many different purposes. Actually, during wet season, an open access to the water resources is found as the water use is not restricted, meaning that de facto there are no rules in place that govern the water use.
This thesis focuses on the institutional arrangements that influence the management of land, water and fisheries in the region. It is assessed how property rights influence the natural resource use and how collective action can contribute to the sustainable management of land and water. The research was conducted in a community-based fish culture project that functions as a reference frame. This aquaculture project was implemented in the Mekong region by the WorldFish Center from 2005 until 2010. The aim was to test, whether community-based aquaculture can increase the food security of local communities. The thesis also addresses the question whether such a community-based approach can be successfully introduced in the described complex system of property rights.
The underlying theories for this dissertation are New Institutional Economics and Game theory. As a framework for the analysis the Institutional Analysis and Design Framework (Ostrom 2005b) is used. Further, the dissertation draws upon findings from other scholars in the realm of public goods and common-pool resources. The research uses as a mixed methods approach and contains qualitative as well as quantitative results. In four case study sites, action research was conducted along with the aquaculture project implementation. Further, a socio-economic survey was implemented, providing information about different livelihood aspects of a large amount of households. Based on the findings of both these methods, hypotheses in regard to resource usersâ behaviour towards natural resources were elaborated. Those were then tested using the methods of experimental economics.
The implementation of the community-based project faced several challenges and the pilot phase was discontinued by most of the villages. The results presented in this thesis show that reasons for this cannot be seen in the low willingness for cooperation of participants, but rather in the underlying property rights on natural resources. Due to a missing legal base as well as other informal regulations, the project members had no possibility to exclude other local users from the project sites and thus to protect their investments in material and fingerlings. Recommendations mainly focus on the decentralisation of land and water management in the region.Die vorliegende Forschung befasst sich mit den institutionellen Arrangements, die die Nutzung und das Management von Land, Wasser und Fischressourcen im Mekong Delta beeinflussen. Es wird untersucht inwieweit VerfĂŒgungsrechte und kollektives Handeln die nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung in der Region beeinflussen.
FĂŒr die Mehrheit der Kambodschaner und Vietnamesen spielt der Zugang zu natĂŒrlichen Ressourcen wie Land, Wasser und FischbestĂ€nden eine bedeutende Rolle. Die formellen und informellen Regeln, die den Zugang zu und die Nutzung von diesen natĂŒrlichen Ressourcen auf lokaler Ebene regeln stehen im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit.
Im Mekong Delta von Kambodscha und Vietnam wechseln die VerfĂŒgungsrechte an Wasser und Land mit der halbjĂ€hrlichen auftretenden Flut. Land ist vornehmlich privates Eigentum oder es bestehen zumindest private Nutzungsrechte. Wasser hingegen wird in beiden LĂ€ndern als öffentliches Gut betrachtet, welches allgemein zugĂ€nglich ist. De facto liegt sowohl in Kambodscha als auch in Vietnam dann eine open access Situation vor: die Nutzung des Wassers ist nicht beschrĂ€nkt und vorliegende Nutzungsregeln werden nicht oder kaum durchgesetzt. Es bestehen zwar formelle Regeln, die die Nutzung von Land-, Wasser- und Fischerei regulieren, diese sind jedoch stark miteinander verwoben, ĂŒberlappen oft aufgrund der dynamischen natĂŒrlichen Gegebenheiten und Verantwortlichkeiten zur Durchsetzung sind oft auf verschiedene Jurisdiktionen verteilt. Dies fĂŒhrt zu einem nicht nachhaltigen Management der natĂŒrlichen Ressourcen vor Ort und eine Degradierung mit einem RĂŒckgang der natĂŒrlichen FischbestĂ€nde ist bereits zu beobachten.
Die Dissertation nutzt ein Fischzuchtprojekt als Referenzrahmen. Dieses wurde vom WorldFish Center von 2005 bis 2010 in der Region durchgefĂŒhrt. Im Interesse der vorliegenden Untersuchung stehen die verschiedenen institutionellen Faktoren die den Erfolg oder Misserfolg von kollektivem Handeln fĂŒr das nachhaltige Management natĂŒrlicher Ressourcen im Mekong Delta von Kambodscha und Vietnam beeinflussen (Forschungsproblem).
Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde in dieser Dissertation ein Methodenmix mit sowohl qualitativer als auch quantitativer Datenanalyse gewĂ€hlt. Die Implementierung des gemeinschaftsbasierten Projekts in den Projektdörfern in Kambodscha und Vietnam stellte sich offensichtlich als problematisch heraus und die Pilotphase wurde nach meist einem Jahr wieder eingestellt. Die Forschungsergebnisse zeigen, dass die GrĂŒnde dafĂŒr nicht in der mangelnden Kooperationsbereitschaft der Teilnehmer liegen, sondern vielmehr mit den vorliegenden VerfĂŒgungsrechten an den natĂŒrlichen Ressourcen zusammenhĂ€ngen. Aufgrund der mangelnden Rechtsgrundlage sowie verschiedener informeller Regeln, ist es den Projektgruppen nicht gelungen andere lokale Nutzer von den Projektgebieten auszuschlieĂen und somit ihre Investitionen in Material und Fischsaat zu schĂŒtzen. Die Arbeit schlieĂt mit Empfehlungen insbesondere hinsichtlich der Dezentralisierung von Wasser- und Landmanagement in der Region
Reporting from the front
[No abstract available
THE PAST IN THE PAST: THE REUSE OF ROMAN OBJECTS IN EARLY ANGLO-SAXON SOCIETY c. AD 400 â c. 700
This thesis examines and analyses the reuse of Roman portable material culture in pre-conversion Anglo-Saxon grave assemblages dating between AD 400 and 700. In total 908 curated Roman objects were recorded from 65 cemeteries across the modern English counties of Kent, Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk. The Introduction provides a general overview of the historical context of Anglo-Saxon England and the end of the Roman Empire. Chapter 2 is concerned with the methodology and data collection which was carried out to compile this data. The third chapter gives an outline of the existing theoretical framework on curated Roman material in Anglo Saxon contexts. A general overview of all collated Roman objects gathered for this study is given in chapter 4. Each object type is examined according to its nature, chronology, purpose, social intent and circulation patterns. The relationship between Roman ruins and Anglo-Saxon cemeteries is also discussed. Chapters 5 - 7 analyse the objects within their archaeological contexts and in relation to the body. Chapter 5 engages with items found in concealed circumstances, such as in bags and wooden boxes, while chapter 6 discusses items which were openly displayed on the body as personal adornments, jewellery and costume accessories. Chapter 7 examines objects which were not found as part of the costume, but in the fill or placed beside the body. The focus of these thematic chapters is to critically engage with the different ways Roman objects were used in Anglo-Saxon funerary ritual. Chapter 8 contextualises the findings by drawing on the continental evidence for Roman object reuse. Chapter 9 discusses the findings of the previous chapters, setting them into context with existing theoretical frameworks on the early medieval world with emphasis on chronology, regionality, the body and the impact of Christianity in the 7th century
Proccesses of Enclaving under the Global Condition: The Case of Burkina Faso
In our project we investigate whether the current gold mining boom in Burkina Faso represents a case of
enclaving. Do extractive enclaves emerge as the predominant spatial format of resource extraction in Burkina
Faso vis-Ă -vis other spatial formats such as traditional forms of land tenure, subnational units of state
administration, transregional regimes of managing resource extraction, or the nation state? If enclave formation
can be observed, how does this emerging spatial format shape existing spatial orders? Is this process
connected with the emergence of an âenclave democracyâ or other forms of governance such as a new
developmental or neo-extractivist state? Our project looks at the processes of de- and reterritorialization
connected with the expansion of global capital and the emergence of nodes of resource governance in the
gold mining sector. We hypothesize that the agency of stakeholders on the national and subnational levels
(especially civil society organizations and local populations) in shaping these processes has increased since
the 1990s. They act in varied ways, for example by mobilizing globally circulating ideas about development,
resource management, and rights; by strategically networking with transnational or non-governmental organizations;
or by resorting to violence on the ground. The project focuses on the consequences resulting
from these actions for processes of enclaving from an anthropological perspective.In unserem Projekt untersuchen wir, ob der aktuelle Goldminenboom in Burkina Faso einen Fall der Enklavenbildung
darstellt. Entstehen extraktive Enklaven als vorherrschendes Raumformat der Ressourcengewinnung
in Burkina Faso gegenĂŒber anderen Raumformaten, wie traditionelle Formen des Landbesitzes,
subnationale Einheiten der staatlichen Verwaltung, transregionale Systeme der Ressourcengewinnung oder
dem Nationalstaat? Wenn sich Enklavenbildung konstatieren lÀsst, stellt sich die Frage, wie das entstehende
Raumformat bestehende Raumordnungen beeinflusst. Ist dieser Prozess mit dem Entstehen einer
âEnklavendemokratieâ oder anderen Formen der Governance, wie ein neuer entwicklungsbezogener oder
neo-extraktivistischer Staat, verbunden? Unser Projekt betrachtet Prozesse der De- und Reterritorialisierung
im Zusammenhang der Ausbreitung von globalem Kapital und dem Entstehen von Steuerungsknoten
der Ressourcen im Goldminensektor. Unsere Hypothese ist, dass die Einflussnahme auf diese Prozesse
durch Interessenvertreter auf nationaler und subnationaler Ebene (insbesondere zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen
und lokale Populationen) seit den 1990er Jahren zugenommen hat. Ihr Handeln ist vielfÀltig und
umfasst beispielsweise die Mobilisierung von global zirkulierenden Ideen ĂŒber Entwicklung, Ressourcenmanagement
und Rechte, das strategische Vernetzen mit transnationalen Organisationen oder NGOs oder das
ZurĂŒckgreifen auf Gewalt. Das Projekt betrachtet aus einer anthropologischen Perspektive die Folgen, die
sich aus diesen Aktionen fĂŒr Prozesse der Enklavenbildung ergeben
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