Production of Chronic Atrioventricular Block in Dogs Without Thoracotomy

Total heart block was produced in dogs without thoracotomy by means of a formaldehyde injection into the bundle of His. The method was successful in 22 out of 24 experiments. It is a useful model for haemodynamic studies in the intact anima

Multidecadal variations of the effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the climate system

Effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on tropospheric climate are not always strong or they appear only intermittently. Studying them requires long time series of both the QBO and climate variables, which has restricted previous studies to the past 30–50 years. Here we use the benefits of an existing QBO reconstruction back to 1908. We first investigate additional, newly digitized historical observations of stratospheric winds to test the reconstruction. Then we use the QBO time series to analyse atmospheric data sets (reconstructions and reanalyses) as well as the results of coupled ocean–atmosphere-chemistry climate model simulations that were forced with the reconstructed QBO. We investigate effects related to (1) tropical-extratropical interaction in the stratosphere, wave-mean flow interaction and subsequent downward propagation, and (2) interaction between deep tropical convection and stratospheric flow. We generally find weak connections, though some are statistically significant over the 100-year period and consistent with model results. Apparent multidecadal variations in the connection between the QBO and the investigated climate responses are consistent with a small effect in the presence of large variability, with one exception: the imprint on the northern polar vortex, which is seen in recent reanalysis data, is not found in the period 1908-1957. Conversely, an imprint in Berlin surface air temperature is only found in 1908-1957 but not in the recent period. Likewise, in the model simulations both links tend to appear alternatingly, suggesting a more systematic modulation due to a shift in the circulation, for example. Over the Pacific warm pool, we find increased convection during easterly QBO, mainly in boreal winter in observation-based data as well as in the model simulations, with large variability. No QBO effects were found in the Indian monsoon strength or Atlantic hurricane frequency

Production of chronic atrioventricular block in dogs without thoracotomy

Total heart block was produced in dogs without thoracotomy by means of a formaldehyde injection into the bundle of His. The method was successful in 22 out of 24 experiments. It is a useful model for haemodynamic studies in the intact anima

Urethraldivertikel als Ursache chronischer urogenitaler Schmerzen: Ein Fallbericht

Eine 53-jährige Patientin mit seit 20 Jahren persistierenden unerträglichen Schmerzen im Unterleib, vor allem bei Miktion und Defäkation, wurde in unserer urogynäkologischen Sprechstunde gesehen. Die Erhebung der Lebensqualität mittels King's Health Questionnaire zeigte eine massive Einschränkung. Klinisch war die distale Urethra extrem druckdolent und geschwollen. Die Perinealsonographie und die Magnetresonanztomographie zeigten ein ausgedehntes Gangsystem mit zystischen Strukturen sub- und paraurethral beidseits. Nach gezielter Suche entdeckte man 12 mm proximal des Meatus externus eine kleine Fistelöffnung. Intraoperativ fand sich ein Fistelgangsystem mit vorwiegend retrosymphysärer Höhlenbildung, welches über einen transvaginalen Zugang exzidiert wurde. Die Patientin ist 12 Monate postoperativ bis auf eine leichte Algurie beschwerdefrei und wünscht keine weitere Therapie. A 53-year-old woman suffering for 20 years from chronic genitourinary pain was seen in our urogynecological unit. Quality of life assessment by King's Health Questionnaire showed a highly negative impact on quality of life. Clinical examination revealed a painful and swollen distal urethra, and a small fistula was seen located 12 mm proximal to the meatus externus. Perineal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cystic formations bilaterally located in the suburethral and paraurethral regions. A diverticulectomy was performed using the vaginal approach. Twelve months after surgery the woman is completely satisfied and only complaining about slight alguria

Multidecadal variations of the effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the climate system

Effects of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) on tropospheric climate are not always strong or they appear only intermittently. Studying them requires long time series of both the QBO and climate variables, which has restricted previous studies to the past 30–50 years. Here we use the benefits of an existing QBO reconstruction back to 1908. We first investigate additional, newly digitized historical observations of stratospheric winds to test the reconstruction. Then we use the QBO time series to analyse atmospheric data sets (reconstructions and reanalyses) as well as the results of coupled ocean–atmosphere–chemistry climate model simulations that were forced with the reconstructed QBO. We investigate effects related to (1) tropical–extratropical interaction in the stratosphere, wave–mean flow interaction and subsequent downward propagation, and (2) interaction between deep tropical convection and stratospheric flow. We generally find weak connections, though some are statistically significant over the 100-year period and consistent with model results. Apparent multidecadal variations in the connection between the QBO and the investigated climate responses are consistent with a small effect in the presence of large variability, with one exception: the imprint on the northern polar vortex, which is seen in recent reanalysis data, is not found in the period 1908–1957. Conversely, an imprint in Berlin surface air temperature is only found in 1908–1957 but not in the recent period. Likewise, in the model simulations both links tend to appear alternatingly, suggesting a more systematic modulation due to a shift in the circulation for example. Over the Pacific warm pool, we find increased convection during easterly QBO, mainly in boreal winter in observation-based data as well as in the model simulations, with large variability. No QBO effects were found in the Indian monsoon strength or Atlantic hurricane frequency