Partisipasi Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) Ibu Rumah Tangga pada Program Prevention Of Mother To Child Transmission (PMTCT) di Kota Semarang

Participation Of Mother Hiv On Programme Prevention Of Mother To Child HIV Transmission In Semarang City; The purpose of the research is to describe the programme Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods. Subjects were mother HIV and stakeholders in the PMTCT Programme. Subjectswere taken by purposive. Data collection techniques were used questioners and in-depthinterviews. The results showed mother HIV basically supported the programme, but thisprogram was not the priority yet. Aids Prevention Commission as holder of the control in the implementation of the programme has limitations on both the trained personnel nor theWorking Group ofaids commission on health services. It is suggested the particition ofstakeholders actively to create the issue of mother HIV as a case that must be addressed and be one of the target areas of development in accordance with the MDG's. In addition, the commitment of all elements in implementing the regulation remain important

Evaluasi Hasil Aplikasi Hydraulic Fracturing Pada Reservoir Karbonat Sumur Bcn-28 Di Struktur App PT Pertamina Ep Asset 2 Pendopo Field

PT Pertamina EP dalam rangka mengoptimalkan produksi melakukan berbagai inovasi terhadap sumur di struktur APP, termasuk salah satunya di sumur BCN-28. Sumur BCN-28 memiliki permeabilitas rendah yaitu 5 mD, cadangan sisa 201 MSTB dengan tekanan reservoir 1721 sedangkan laju aktualnya hanya 8 bopd, sehingga pada tanggal 25 Agustus 2012 dilakukan hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing harus di evaluasi keberhasilannya untuk dapat dijadikan refrensi. Dalam evaluasi keberhasilan hydraulic fracturing dengan menggunakan data produksi, data reservoir dan geometri rekah, akan dilihat model rekahan, indeks produktivitas yang dihasilkan dari geometri rekahan, pengaruh proses hydraulic fracturing terhadap permeabilitas formasi serta kurva IPR setelah dilakukan hydraulic fracturing. Secara umum tahapan pada hydraulic fracturing adalah tubing pressure test, tubing pickling, step rate test, minifrac dan mainfrac. Pada proses hydraulic fracturing data dianalisa dengan anggapan bahwa model rekahan yang dapat terbentuk adalah model 2D, yaitu model PKN (Perkins, Kern & Nordgren). Analisa model PKN tersebut menghasilkan geometri rekahan (xf, hf, dan wf). Selanjutnya digunakan untuk memperkirakan perbandingan indeks produktivitas (J/Jo) dengan metoda CSD (Cinco-Ley, Samaniego dan Dominique) dan persamaan vogel. Analisis yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan laju produksi sebesar 109 BOPD, perkiraan indeks produktivitas pada sumur BCN-28 dengan metoda CSD sebesar 2.28 sedangkan persamaan vogel didapat productivity index sebesar 1.6 dan perkiraan permeabilitas formasi dengan persamaan Howard and Past sebesar 13.178 md

Saponifikasi dan Ekstraksi Satu Tahap untuk Ekstraksi Minyak Tinggi Linoleat dan Linolenat dari Kedelai Varietas Lokal

Asam linoleat (LA, linoleic acid, C18:2ω-6) dan asam alfa linolenat (ALA, alpha linolenic acid, C18:3ω-3) merupa- kan asam lemak tidak jenuh majemuk (PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid) esensial. Penelitian tentang kedelai varietas lokal sebagai sumber LA dan ALA sangat penting dalam rangka mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap produk minyak tinggi LA dan ALA impor. Akan tetapi, penelitian tentang ekstraksi LA dan ALA dari kedelai varietas lokal yang ada di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Teknik ekstraksi yang efisien diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kadar PUFA. Salah satu teknik untuk mengekstrak minyak tinggi LA dan ALA adalah kombinasi saponifikasi dan ekstraksi simultan atau saponifikasi-ekstraksi satu tahap.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap potensi kedelai varietas lokal sebagai sumber LA dan LA, dan untuk mengembangkan teknik saponifikasi-ekstraksi satu tahap. Kedelai varietas lokal, yaitu Panderman, Wilis, Kaba, Burangrang, dan Anjasmara, dianalisis profil asam lemaknya. Varietas yang digunakan lebih lanjut untuk saponifikasi- ekstraksi satu tahap didasarkan pada kadar LA dan ALA tertinggi. Selanjutnya, kondisi saponifikasi-ekstraksi satu tahap dioptimasi dengan menggunakan metodelogi permukaan respon dengan tiga faktor yaitu rasio air:tepung kedelai, suhu saponifikasi, dan lama saponifikasi. Respon yang dikaji adalah kadar LA dan ALA dalam minyak yang terekstrak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diantara kedelai varietas lokal yang diteliti, varietas Burangrang mempunyai kadar LA+ALA tertinggi (60,43 %). Varietas yang berbeda menunjukkan profil asam lemak yang berbeda dan kadar minyak (dalam bentuk asam lemak bebas) yang berbeda pula. LA merupakan asam lemak yang dominan untuk seluruh varietas kedelai. Rasio air:tepung kedelai, suhu saponifikasi, dan lama saponifikasi mempengaruhi respon yang bersifat kuadratik. Kondisi optimum tercapai pada rasio air:tepung kedelai 2,03:1, suhu saponifikasi 58,86 °C, dan lama sapon- ifikasi 92,27 menit. Respon kadar LA dan ALA (%) pada kondisi optimum berdasarkan prediksi adalah 68,47 % dan respon aktual 68,89 %. Minyak yang diperoleh mempunyai tingkat oksidasi yang rendah

Calibration of the Thermal Infrared Sensor on the Landsat Data Continuity Mission

The Landsat series of satellites provides the longest running continuous data set of moderate-spatial-resolution imagery beginning with the launch of Landsat 1 in 1972 and continuing with the 1999 launch of Landsat 7 and current operation of Landsats 5 and 7. The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) will continue this program into a fourth decade providing data that are keys to understanding changes in land-use changes and resource management. LDCM consists of a two-sensor platform comprised of the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensors (TIRS). A description of the applications and design of the TIRS instrument is given as well as the plans for calibration and characterization. Included are early results from preflight calibration and a description of the inflight validation

Training A Day with English

Education is an activity that is common to every human being on this earth. Education cannot be separated from all forms of human activities. The teaching and learning process is certainly a core activity in the whole process of education in school or formal education. English is a language that is commonly used in several countries, therefore knowledge and learning of English is very important for the development of children's knowledge. Introduction, and learning things in the child's environment can initiate children's interest in learning English. This activity aims to provide knowledge to children about the use of English in everyday life, when children communicate in English, children become easier to know the meaning of words and their meanings because the material is learned based on the science of direct practice. Because the concentration of children at an early age is still very minimal and uncontrollable, the most appropriate method is by learning and playing where children can understand the material well because of the learning and teaching process that attracts children's interest. With this method, the interest of children is no longer only interested in how to play or just give rewards, but children will be happy with the repetition of the things he had learned before. So, children's interest in learning will increase with regard to things he already knows

MODIS Instrument Operation and Calibration Improvements

Terra and Aqua MODIS have successfully operated for over 14 and 12 years since their respective launches in 1999 and 2002. The MODIS on-orbit calibration is performed using a set of on-board calibrators, which include a solar diffuser for calibrating the reflective solar bands (RSB) and a blackbody for the thermal emissive bands (TEB). On-orbit changes in the sensor responses as well as key performance parameters are monitored using the measurements of these on-board calibrators. This paper provides an overview of MODIS on-orbit operation and calibration activities, and instrument long-term performance. It presents a brief summary of the calibration enhancements made in the latest MODIS data collection 6 (C6). Future improvements in the MODIS calibration and their potential applications to the S-NPP VIIRS are also discussed

HBeAg and Anti HBe Status in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection

Background: Data on HBeAg and anti HBe status in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection are not yet available in Indonesia. This study was done to acquire data on HBeAg and anti HBe status in patients with hepatitis B chronic infection. Method: The material of this study was sera, collected from 105 patients with chronic hepatitis B infection from June to November 2007, divided into four groups of hepatoma, liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis B and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. All sera were examined for HBsAg, HbeAg, anti HBe aside from liver function examinations. The sera consisted of 23 sera of patients with hepatoma, 27 with liver cirrhosis, 12 with chronic hepatitis B, and 43 with HBsAg asymptomatic carriers. Results: From 105 samples, only 18.1% samples were in replicative phase, as shown with the positivity of HBeAg and the negativity of anti-HBe. Sera with negative HbeAg and positive anti-HBe were mainly found in liver cirrhosis (70.73%) and least in chronic hepatitis B (50.00%) Conclusion: The high frequency of HBeAg negative and anti-HBe positive in this study might indicate the possible high frequency of pre core mutation. A study using quantitative HBV DNA should be done to confirm it

Education can improve the negative perception of a threatened long-lived scavenging bird, the Andean condor

Human-wildlife conflicts currently represent one of the main conservation problems for wildlife species around the world. Vultures have serious conservation concerns, many of which are related to people's adverse perception about them due to the belief that they prey on livestock. Our aim was to assess local perception and the factors influencing people's perception of the largest scavenging bird in South America, the Andean condor. For this, we interviewed 112 people from Valle Fértil, San Juan province, a rural area of central west Argentina. Overall, people in the area mostly have an elementary education, and their most important activity is livestock rearing. The results showed that, in general, most people perceive the Andean condor as an injurious species and, in fact, some people recognize that they still kill condors. We identified two major factors that affect this perception, the education level of villagers and their relationship with livestock ranching. Our study suggests that conservation of condors and other similar scavengers depends on education programs designed to change the negative perception people have about them. Such programs should be particularly focused on ranchers since they are the ones who have the worst perception of these scavengers. We suggest that highlighting the central ecological role of scavengers and recovering their cultural value would be fundamental to reverse their persecution and their negative perception by people.Fil: Cailly Arnulphi, Verónica Beatríz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Lambertucci, Sergio Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Centro Regional Universidad Bariloche. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; ArgentinaFil: Borghi, Carlos Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentin