656 research outputs found
Roms Perspektive auf befreundete FĂŒrsten
Die in der Forschung lange und noch umstrittene Verwendung des Klientelmodells
ist ein geeigneter Ansatz, Roms Perspektive auf die offiziell befreundeten und
verbĂŒndeten FĂŒrsten auszudrĂŒcken, die nach römischer Vorstellung einen Teil
des Imperium ausmachten. Viele bisherige Befassungen kreisen um die
terminologische Differenzierung zwischen amicitia und clientela; was letztlich
selbst mit einer validen Beantwortung der Frage gewonnen wÀre, verschweigen
sie gleichsam. Daher plĂ€diert dieser Beitrag fĂŒr eine Entspannung der Debatte
und betont den spezifischen heuristischen Wert der Ăbertragung des
Klientelbegriffs auf die Reichspolitik â wie auch die römischen Quellen
selbstverstÀndlich auf clientela und verwandte Termini zur Veranschaulichung
der Beziehungen zu den reges amici et socii populi Romani zurĂŒckgreifen.
clientela und amicitia schlieĂen sich mithin nicht aus, sie ergĂ€nzen sich als
Modelle aufs beste.The use of the clientela model, which for a long time was and indeed still is
controversial, is a suitable starting point to show Romeâs perspective on the
officially friendly and allied princes who in Roman eyes constituted a part of
the Empire. Many previous treatments concern themselves with the
terminological differentiation between amicitia and clientela; what would
ultimately be gained even if a valid resolution was to be found to the
question is let unanswered, as it were. This article therefore pleads for a
more relaxed approach to be taken to the debate, emphasizing the specific
heuristic value of the transfer of the concept of clientship to imperial
politics â just as the Roman sources of course also resort to clientela and
related terms to illustrate the relationships to the reges amici et socii
populi Romani. Consequently, clientela und amicitia do not exclude each other.
They complement each other perfectly as models
For an indeterministic ethics. The emptiness of the rule in dubio pro vita and life cessation decisions
It is generally claimed that there exist exceptional circumstances when taking human life may be approved and when such actions may be justified on moral grounds. Precise guidelines in the medical field for making such decisions concerning patients who are terminally ill or have irreparable injuries incompatible with a bearable life, are difficult to establish. Recommendations that take the particular logical form of a rule, such as "in dubio pro vita", "when in doubt favour life") have been suggested and in some countries incorporated into legal texts (Germany). We claim here that such a rule is of no value since it is open-ended and always allows for doubt, and a decision to employ measures that would support human life could always be argued to be a valid choice. Preservation of this rule could be encouraged, but giving it the force of law may put physicians at risk, as they may be challenged for choosing to terminate life in otherwise ethically and medically uncontroversial circumstances
Selenium-Binding Protein 1 Indicates Myocardial Stress and Risk for Adverse Outcome in Cardiac Surgery
Selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) is an intracellular protein that has been detected in the circulation in response to myocardial infarction. Hypoxia and cardiac surgery affect selenoprotein expression and selenium (Se) status. For this reason, we decided to analyze circulating SELENBP1 concentrations in patients (n = 75) necessitating cardioplegia and a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) during the course of the cardiac surgery. Serum samples were collected at seven time-points spanning the full surgical process. SELENBP1 was quantified by a highly sensitive newly developed immunological assay. Serum concentrations of SELENBP1 increased markedly during the intervention and showed a positive association with the duration of ischemia (Ï = 0.6, p < 0.0001). Elevated serum SELENBP1 concentrations at 1 h after arrival at the intensive care unit (post-surgery) were predictive to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome (death, bradycardia or cerebral ischemia, "endpoint 1"; OR 29.9, CI 3.3-268.8, p = 0.00027). Circulating SELENBP1 during intervention (2 min after reperfusion or 15 min after weaning from the CPB) correlated positively with an established marker of myocardial infarction (CK-MB) measured after the intervention (each with Ï = 0.5, p < 0.0001). We concluded that serum concentrations of SELENBP1 were strongly associated with cardiac arrest and the duration of myocardial ischemia already early during surgery, thereby constituting a novel and promising quantitative marker for myocardial hypoxia, with a high potential to improve diagnostics and prediction in combination with the established clinical parameters
Automist - A Tool for Automated Instruction Set Characterization of Embedded Processors
The steadily increasing performance of mobile devices also implies a rise in power consumption. To counteract this trend it is mandatory to accomplish software power optimizations based on accurate power consumption models characterized for the processor. This paper presents an environment for automated instruction set characterization based on physical power measurements. Based on a detailed instruction set description a testbench generator creates all needed test programs for a complete characterization. Afterwards those programs are executed by the processor and the energy consumption is measured. For an accurate energy measurement a high performance sampling technique has been established, which can be either clock or energy driven
Compiler-based Software Power Peak Elimination on Smart Card Systems
RF-powered smart cards are widely used in different application areas today. For smart cards not only performance is an important attribute, but also the power consumed by a given application. The power consumed is heavily depending on the software executed on the system. The power profile, especially the power peaks, of an executed application influence the system stability and security. Flattening the power profile can thus increase the stability and security of a system.
In this paper we present an optimization system that allows a reduction of power peaks based on a compiler optimization. The optimizations are done on different levels of the compiler. In the backend of the compiler we present new instruction scheduling algorithms. On the intermediate language level we propose the use of iterative compiling for reducing critical peaks
Mating system variation and assortative mating of sympatric bromeliads (Pitcairnia spp.) endemic to neotropical inselbergs
Premise of the study: The mating system is an important component of the complex set of reproductive isolation barriers causing plant speciation. However, empirical evidence showing that the mating system may promote reproductive isolation in co-occurring species is limited. The mechanisms by which the mating system can act as a reproductive isolation barrier are also largely unknown. Methods: Here we studied progeny arrays genotyped with microsatellites and patterns of stigmaâanther separation (herkogamy) to understand the role of mating system shifts in promoting reproductive isolation between two hybridizing taxa with porous genomes, Pitcairnia albiflos and P. staminea (Bromeliaceae). Key results: In P. staminea, we detected increased selfing and reduced herkogamy in one sympatric relative to two allopatric populations, consistent with mating system shifts in sympatry acting to maintain the species integrity of P. staminea when in contact with P. albiflos. Conclusions: Mating system variation is a result of several factors acting simultaneously in these populations. We report mating system shifts as one possible reproductive barrier between these species, acting in addition to numerous other prezygotic (i.e., flower phenology and pollination syndromes) and postzygotic barriers (BatesonâDobzhanskyâMuller genetic incompatibilities)
A Waveform Relaxation Solver for Transient Simulation of Large-Scale Nonlinearly Loaded Shielding Structures
This article introduces an algorithm for transient simulation of electromagnetic structures loaded by lumped nonlinear devices. The reference application is energy-selective shielding, which adopts clipping devices uniformly spread along shield apertures to achieve a shielding effectiveness that increases with the power of the incident field, thereby blocking high-power interference while allowing low-power communication. Transient simulation of such structures poses a number of challenges, related to their large-scale and low-loss nature. In this work, we propose a waveform relaxation (WR) scheme based on decoupling the linear electromagnetic structure from its nonlinear terminations. In a preprocessing stage, the electromagnetic subsystem is characterized in the frequency domain and converted into a behavioral rational macromodel. Transient simulation is performed by refining estimates of the port signals through iterations. The proposed scheme combines a time partitioning approach with an inexact NewtonâKrylov solver. This combination provides fast convergence also in those cases where standard WR schemes fail due to a strong mismatch at the decoupling sections. Numerical results on several test cases of increasing complexity with up to 1024 ports show that the proposed approach proves as reliable as HSPICE in terms of accuracy, with a speedup ranging from one to three orders of magnitude
A Multi-Stage Adaptive Sampling Scheme for Passivity Characterization of Large-Scale Macromodels
This paper proposes a hierarchical adaptive sampling scheme for passivity characterization of large-scale linear lumped macromodels. Here, large-scale is intended both in terms of dynamic order and especially number of input/output ports. Standard passivity characterization approaches based on spectral properties of associated Hamiltonian matrices are either inefficient or non-applicable for large-scale models, due to an excessive computational cost. This paper builds on existing adaptive sampling methods and proposes a hybrid multi-stage algorithm that is able to detect the passivity violations with limited computing resources. Results from extensive testing demonstrate a major reduction in computational requirements with respect to competing approaches
A Multi-Stage Adaptive Sampling Scheme for Passivity Characterization of Large-Scale Macromodels
This paper proposes a hierarchical adaptive sampling scheme for passivity
characterization of large-scale linear lumped macromodels. Here, large-scale is
intended both in terms of dynamic order and especially number of input/output
ports. Standard passivity characterization approaches based on spectral
properties of associated Hamiltonian matrices are either inefficient or
non-applicable for large-scale models, due to an excessive computational cost.
This paper builds on existing adaptive sampling methods and proposes a hybrid
multi-stage algorithm that is able to detect the passivity violations with
limited computing resources. Results from extensive testing demonstrate a major
reduction in computational requirements with respect to competing approaches.Comment: Submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and
Manufacturing Technolog
Distributed Nonlinear Shielding in Power Delivery Networks on Printed Circuit Boards
Nonlinear shielding from voltage spikes is commonly designed in a one dimensional setting, e.g. on transmission lines, where protection consists of a single lumped voltage clamp. This paper investigates the extension to the two dimensional case, i.e. protection from a voltage pulse between two parallel plates of a PCB. Opposed to the one dimensional case, where the protection is concentrated in a point, for two dimensional case the protection elements are arranged on a curve, creating a nonlinear fence in the two dimensional plane. It is shown that the spacing of the elements on the curve has a strong impact on the shielding effectiveness. Additionally, the effect of resistive losses in the voltage clamps is investigated
- âŠ